Water Qualities and Eutrophication of Chanthaburi River and Laem Sing Estuary
Abstract
Problems of water deteriorated and eutrophication have increasingly serious in Thailand waters. The objectives of this research were study of changes in water qualities and eutrophication conditions in the Chanthaburi River and Pak Nam Laem Sing. The study was conducted 3 times in January (dry season), April (early rainy season) and July (rainy season) of year 2018. The seventeen stations were investigated, divided to 6 six stations of the river and 11 stations of estuarine zone. Our results indicated that the general water qualities were good condition, it was in Classification 2 of Surface Water Quality (PCD, 2006), the dissolved oxygen was higher than 6 mg/l. The changes in nutrients and chlorophyll a concentration was seasonal, especially silicate. The eutrophication situations in the river stations were lower level, except at the estuary during rainy season were found eutrophic levels. In addition, nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations up to 5 times higher than of eutrophic level has occurred which risking in low oxygen conditions (Hypoxia) in the water. Hence, the marine life and aquaculture might be affected by alteration of eutrophication situations. From the information obtained during this study, leading to determination the management and guideline to protect of the water resources in the future. Keywords : water qualities ; eutrophication ; Chanthaburi River ; Laem Sing EstuaryReferences
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Loading in the Alabama (USA) River Basin Using PLOAD Model. Air, Soil and Water Research, 6, 23–36
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Ph.D. thesis, Science and Technology United Kingdom.
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Inorganic Nutrients at the Pranburi River Mouth, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. Burapha Science Journal, 26(2), 907-927. (in Thai)
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Assess River Inputs of Nutrients to seAs):Model description and results for China. Science of the Total Environment, 562,869–888.
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marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Pollution 100 (1999),179-196.
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Patterns in nutrient limitation and chlorophyll a along an anthropogenic eutrophication gradient in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 67(4) 743–753.
Strickland, J.D.H. & Parson, T.R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Fishery Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
Thaipichitburapa, P., Gunboa, V. and Meksumpun, C. (2019). The Carrying Capacity Assessment of River and
Coastal Area: A Case Study Effects of Wastewater from Land Use on the Aquatic Ecosystems of Chanthaburi River and Laem Singh Estuarine Chanthaburi Province (Research Report), Burapha University. (in Thai)
Thaipichitburapa, P., Meksumpun, C. and Meksumpun, S. (2010). Province-based self-remediation efficiency of the Tha Chin river basin, Thailand. Water Sci Technol, 62(3), 594-602.
Thapichitburapa, P. and Meksumpun, C. (2021). The Effects of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients on Eutrophication
Situationsof Trat Bay, Trat Province. Burapha Science Journal, 26(2), 770-782. (in Thai)
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council- NESDB. (2016). Roadmap Developing the
Eastern Economic Corridor. Bangkok. (in Thai)
United States Environmental Protection Agency-USEPA. (2000). Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual
Rivers and Streams. Office of Science and Technology, Washington.
Wang, J., Yan, W., Chen, N., Li, X., and Liu, L. (2015). Modeled long-term changes of DIN:DIP ratio in the Changjiang
River in relation to Chl-a and DO concentrations in adjacent estuary. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 166, 153-160.
Yuenyong, S., Nimsuwan, N., Buranapratheprat, A., Gunboa, V., Jintasaeranee, P., Thaipichitburapa, P
& Suriyaphan, J. (2019). Water quality of the Bangpakong River during 2016 – 2018.
Burapha Science Journal, 24(1),138-155. (in Thai)
recommendations for improvement. Water SA, 45(1), 86-96
Boynton, W.R., Hagy, J.D., Cornwell, J.C., Kemp, W.M., Greene, S.M., Owens, M.S., Baker, J.E. & Larsen, R.K.
(2008). Nutrient Budgets and Management Actions in the Patuxent River Estuary, Maryland.
Estuaries and Coasts, 31,623–651
Carlson, R.E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 22, 361-369
Eastern Region Irrigation Hydrology Center-ERIHC. (2018). Monthly runoff volume in East Coast Basin, Thailand.
Retrieved April 11, 2021, from http://hydro-6.com/
Ferreira, J. G., Andersen, J. H., Borja, A., Bricker, S. B., Camp, J., and Cardoso, et al. (2011). Overview of
eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci, 93, 117–131.
Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K. and Ehrhardt, M. (1999). Methods of Seawater Analysis 3rd Eds. Weinheim:
Wiley – VCH.
Gurung, Dev P., Githinji, Leonard J.M., and Ankumah, Ramble,O. (2013). Assessing the Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Loading in the Alabama (USA) River Basin Using PLOAD Model. Air, Soil and Water Research, 6, 23–36
Jayatilake S.M.D.P.A. (2013). Nutrient loading and eutrophication of coastal waters of the South Asian Seas –
a scoping study. Retrieved May 1, 2020, form
http://www.sacep.org/pdf/Scoping_study_on_Nutrient_loading_in_SAS_Region.pdf.
Jin Bo Zhao. (2009). Transformations of organic and inorganic phosphorus in estuarine particle- water systems.
Ph.D. thesis, Science and Technology United Kingdom.
Junchompoo, C., Meksumpun, C. and Meksumpun, S. (2006). Application of nutrient quantities and ratios for
assessment of aquatic resources status of Bangpakong River, Ban Pho District , Chachoengsao province. In Proceedings of 44th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. Bangkok
Khotchasanee, B., Uttayarnmanee, P., Yuenyong, P. and Buranapratheprat, A. (2021). Fluxes of Dissolved
Inorganic Nutrients at the Pranburi River Mouth, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. Burapha Science Journal, 26(2), 907-927. (in Thai)
Maryna Strokal, Carolien Kroeze, MengruWang, Zhaohai Bai & Lin Ma. (2016). The MARINA model (Model to
Assess River Inputs of Nutrients to seAs):Model description and results for China. Science of the Total Environment, 562,869–888.
Meteorological Department of Thailand – TMD. (2018). Average Weather and Average monthly rainfall in
Chanthaburi Province. Bangkok.
Michelle Devlin, Suzanne Bricker & Suzanne Painting. (2011). Comparison of five methods for assessing impacts
of nutrient enrichment using estuarine case studies. Biogeochemistry,106,177–205.
National Statistical Office of Thailand-NSOT. (2004). Choosing appropriate statistical test. Ministry of Information
and Communication Technology. Retrieved February 18, 2021, from
http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nsopublish/know/estat04.pdf
Pollution Control Department-PCD. (2006). Water Quality Standards & Criteria in Thailand. Ministry of
Science, Technology and Environment. (in Thai)
Prasad, A. G. D. and Siddaraju. (2012). Carlson’s Trophic State Index for the assessment of trophic status of two
Lakes in Mandya district. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(5), 2992-2996.
Redfield, A.C. (1934) On the Proportions of Organic Derivatives in Sea Water and Their Relation to the Composition
of Plankton. James Johnstone Memorial Volume, University Press of Liverpool.
Redfield, A. C. (1958). The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. Am. Sci. ,46, 205–221.
Regional Environment office, 13th (Chonburi)– REO13. (2018). Report of water quality monitoring of surface water
sources Eastern area 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2021, from http://reo13.mnre.go.th/th/information/list/1830/page/2
Roche L.M., Kromschroeder, L., Atwill, E.R., Dahlgren R.A., Tate K.W. (2013). Water Quality Conditions
Associated with Cattle Grazing and Recreation on National Forest Lands. PLOS ONE, 8(6), e68127.
Rossouw, J.N., Harding, W.R. & Fatoki, O. S. (2008). A guide to catchment-scale eutrophication
Assessments for rivers, reservoirs and lacustrine wetlands. Water Research Commission, South Africa.
Smith V.H., Tilma G.D. & Nekola J.C. (1999). Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater,
marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Pollution 100 (1999),179-196.
Souchu, P., Bec, B., Smith, V.H., Laugier, T., Fiandrino, A., Benau, L., Orsoni, V., Collos, Y. and Vaquer, A. (2010).
Patterns in nutrient limitation and chlorophyll a along an anthropogenic eutrophication gradient in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 67(4) 743–753.
Strickland, J.D.H. & Parson, T.R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Fishery Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
Thaipichitburapa, P., Gunboa, V. and Meksumpun, C. (2019). The Carrying Capacity Assessment of River and
Coastal Area: A Case Study Effects of Wastewater from Land Use on the Aquatic Ecosystems of Chanthaburi River and Laem Singh Estuarine Chanthaburi Province (Research Report), Burapha University. (in Thai)
Thaipichitburapa, P., Meksumpun, C. and Meksumpun, S. (2010). Province-based self-remediation efficiency of the Tha Chin river basin, Thailand. Water Sci Technol, 62(3), 594-602.
Thapichitburapa, P. and Meksumpun, C. (2021). The Effects of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients on Eutrophication
Situationsof Trat Bay, Trat Province. Burapha Science Journal, 26(2), 770-782. (in Thai)
Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council- NESDB. (2016). Roadmap Developing the
Eastern Economic Corridor. Bangkok. (in Thai)
United States Environmental Protection Agency-USEPA. (2000). Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual
Rivers and Streams. Office of Science and Technology, Washington.
Wang, J., Yan, W., Chen, N., Li, X., and Liu, L. (2015). Modeled long-term changes of DIN:DIP ratio in the Changjiang
River in relation to Chl-a and DO concentrations in adjacent estuary. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 166, 153-160.
Yuenyong, S., Nimsuwan, N., Buranapratheprat, A., Gunboa, V., Jintasaeranee, P., Thaipichitburapa, P
& Suriyaphan, J. (2019). Water quality of the Bangpakong River during 2016 – 2018.
Burapha Science Journal, 24(1),138-155. (in Thai)
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2022-01-10
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