An Accumulation of Microplastics in Sediment and Benthic Fauna at Koh Yo, Songkhla Province
Abstract
Microplastics are recognized as a growing environmental hazard especially in the marine ecosystem. The aims of this study is to quantify and identify microplastics accumulated in the sediment and benthic fauna at Koh Yo, Songkhla, Sediment and benthic fauna samples were collected from 6 stations (3 stations along the shoreline and 3 stations from offshore) around Koh Yo in February 2019. Microscope and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) were used for quantity and identification on microplastics from samples. There were totally 6 types of polymer, Polypropylene (PP), Low density polyethylene (LDPE), Alkyd, Polyvinylchloride (PVC), Cotton Polyester blend and Polyester, accumulated around Koh Yo. Cotton Polyester blend was the highest type of microplastic that found in this study. The cluster analysis revealed that similarity percentage of microplastics in sediment between stations was in range of 71.43% – 82.40% and benthic fauna was in range of 71.10% – 99.71%. Canonical correspondent analysis (CCA) showed that a distribution of dominant microplastic types were not directly affected by environmental factors. Songkhla Lagoon especially at Koh Yo is an important fishing and aquaculture area in Thailand. According to this study, there was contamination of microplastics, especially the fiber from laundry process and fishing gears in the benthic fauna and also sediment around Koh Yo. Keywords : pollution ; Songkhla lagoon ; microplastics ; sediment ; benthic faunaReferences
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pollutants in plastic marine debris found on beaches in San Diego, California. Chemosphere, 86(3), 258–263.
Wang, J., Tan, Z., Peng, J., Qiu, Q., & Li, M. (2016). The behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment.
Marine Environmental Research 113, 7–17.
Woodall, L.C., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Canals, M., Paterson, G.L.J, Coppock, R., Sleight, V., Calafat, A., Rogers,
A.D., Narayanaswamy, B.E., & Thompson, R.C. (2014). The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic
Angsupanich, S. and Himyi, S. (2012). Macrobenthic Annelids: Polychaetes in Songkhla Lagoon.
(pp. 1–270 p.). Bangkok: Office of the National Research Council of Thailand. (in Thai)
Angsupanich, S. and Rodcharoen, E. (2012). Macrobenthic Crustacean: Ostracod, Amphipod, Isopod, and Tanaidacea in Songkhla Lagoon. (pp. 1–160 p.). Bangkok: Office of the National Research Council of Thailand. in Thai)
Barnes, D.K.A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R.C., & Barlaz, M. (2009). Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic
debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences,364(1526), 1985–1998.
Browne, M.A., Galloway, T.S., & Thompson, R. C. (2007). Microplastic—an emerging contaminant of potential
concern. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ,3, 559–561.
Browne, M.A., Dissanayake, A., Galloway, T.S., Lowe, D.M., & Thompson, R.C. (2011). Accumulations of
microplastic on shorelines worldwide: sources and sinks. Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 9175–9179.
Cardia, F. and Lovatelli, A. (2015). Aquaculture operations in floating HDPE cages: a field handbook.
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 593.
Claessens, M., Cauwenberghe, L.V., Vandegehuchte, M.B., & Janssen, C.R. (2013). New techniques for the
detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 70, 227–233.
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., Halsband, C., Goodhead, R., Moger, J., & Galloway, T.S. (2013).
Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environmental Science and Technology, 47, 6646–6655.
Cooper, D.A. and Corcoran, P.L. (2010). Effects of mechanical and chemical processes on the degradation
of plastic beach debris on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60, 650–654.
Crawford, C.B. and Quinn, B. (2017). Microplastic identification techniques. In C.B. Crawford and B. Quinn
(Eds.), Microplastic Pollutants (pp. 219–267). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Eerkes-Medrano, D., Thompson, R.C., & Aldridge, D.C. (2015). Microplastics in freshwater systems: a review
of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs. Water Research, 75, 63–82.
Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L.C.M., Carson, H.S., Thiel, M., Moore, C.J., Borerro, J.C., Galgani, F., Ryan, P.G., &
Reisser, J. (2014). Plastic pollution in the world's oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. PLOS ONE, 9(12), e111913.
Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. In method of soil analysis part 1, physical and mineralogical method – agronomy monograp no. 9 2nd edition (ed. A. Klute). (pp. 383–411). Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America.
Habib, D., Locke, D.C., & Cannone, L.J. (1998). Synthetic fibers as indicators of municipal sewage sludge,
sludge products, and sewage treatment plant effluents. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 103, 1–8.
Hays, H. and Cormons, G. (1974). Plastic particles found in tern pellets, on coastal beaches and at factory
sites. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 5, 44–46.
Henry, B., Laitala, L. & Klepp I. G. (2019). Microfibres from apparel and home textiles: Prospects for including
microplastics in environmental sustainability assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 652, 483–494
Kooi, M., Reisser, J., Slat, B., Ferrari, F, Schmid, M., Cunsolo, S., Brambini, R., Noble, K., Sirks, L., Linders,
T., Schoeneich-Argent, R., & Koelmans, A. (2016). The effect of particle properties on the depth profile of buoyant plastics in the ocean. Scientific Report, 6 (33882), 1–10
Liebezeit, G. and Dubaish, F. (2012). Microplastics in beaches of the East Frisian islands Spiekeroog
and Kachelotplate. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89, 213–217.
Matthies, M. (2011). Microplastics in oceans. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 1589–1591.
Moore, C.J. (2008). Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: a rapidly increasing long-term threat.
Environmental Research, 108, 131–139.
Moos V.N., Burkhardt-Holm, P., & Kohler, A. (2012). Uptake and effects of microplastics on cells and tissue
of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis after an experimental exposure. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 11327–11335.
Ng, K.L. and Obbard, J.P. (2006). Prevalence of microplastics in Singapore’s coastal marine environment.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52, 761–767.
Ory, N.C., Gallardo, C., Lenz, M., & Thiel, M. (2018). Capture, swallowing, and egestion of microplastics by
a planktivorous juvenile fish. Environmental Pollution, 240, 566–573.
PlasticsEurope. (2018). Plastics – The Facts 2018: An Analysis of European Plastic Production, Demand and
Waste Data. Retrieved April, 21, 2021 from www.plasticseurope.org.
Rios, L.M., Moore, C., & Jones, P.R. (2007). Persistent organic pollutants carried by synthetic polymers in the
ocean environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin ,54, 1230–1237.
Rosato, D.V., Rosato, D.V., & Rosato, M.V. (2004). Plastic property. In D.V. Rosato, D.V. Rosato and M.V.
Rosato (Eds.), Plastic product material and process selection handbook. (pp. 40–85). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Thompson, R.C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R.P., Davis, A., Rowland, S.J., John, A.W.G., McGonigle, D., & Russell
A.E. (2004). Lost at sea: where is all the plastic. Science ,304(5672), 1–1838.
Van, A., Rochman, C.M., Flores, E.M., Hill, K.L., Vargas, E., Vargas, S.A., & Hoh, E. (2012). Persistent organic
pollutants in plastic marine debris found on beaches in San Diego, California. Chemosphere, 86(3), 258–263.
Wang, J., Tan, Z., Peng, J., Qiu, Q., & Li, M. (2016). The behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment.
Marine Environmental Research 113, 7–17.
Woodall, L.C., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Canals, M., Paterson, G.L.J, Coppock, R., Sleight, V., Calafat, A., Rogers,
A.D., Narayanaswamy, B.E., & Thompson, R.C. (2014). The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic
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2022-01-18
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