Identification by Morphological and Local Wisdom and Distribution of Poisonous and Edible Mushroom in Thailand
Abstract
This work aimed to study and gather poisonous and edible mushroom specimens from 15 sites of natural and community forests located in 12 Provinces of Thailand; Chiang Mai, Chiang Ria, Mae Hong Son, Nan, Maha Sarakham, Ubon Rachathani, Yasothon, Loei, Mukdahan, Sakon Nakon, Burirum and Surat Thani. Community forests where the local peoples collected edible mushroom for their food and sale in the local market were surveyed. All mushroom specimens were collected from June 2018 to July 2020 in the rainy season. The mushroom specimens were morphologically identified and combined with the local wisdom data for classification from villagers. This study, found 25 families, 51 genera and 120 species, were found. Among of them, the highest number of species (22 species) belonged to the genus Amanita were, followed by 20 species from the genus Russula. Poisonous mushroom were represented by thirty-seven species, among of them, 12 species belonged to Amanitaceae and 6 species belonged to Agaricaceae. The result of this study infers that the poisonous and edible mushrooms are morphological similar in some species such as Chlorophyllum molybdites and Macrolepiota gracilenta, Inosperma cf. virosum and Termitomyces sp., Amanita exitialis and Amanita princeps, Amanita brunneitoxicaria and Amanita vaginata, Leccinum sp. and Phlebopus braunii, Russula subnigricans and Russula adusta, Scleroderma sinnamariense and Mycoamaranthus cambodgensis, Cantharocybe virosa and Macrocybe crassa, Psathyrella candolleana and Coprinus fibrillosus, Entoloma sp. and Termitomyces clypeatus. They are very difficult to identify without expertise, therefore, the local peoples are careful to collecting poison mushroom. In the rainy season if the local peoples lack the knowledge to classify of edible mushrooms there is risk that they might harmful to themselves and other consumers. Keywords : poisonous mushroom ; edible mushroom ; surveillance ; ThailandReferences
Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office. (2009). List of Biological Property of Microoganism (Mushroom). Auksonsiam Publishing, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Chandrasrikul, A. (1992). Mushroom in Thailand. Thaiwatnapanit Co., Ltd. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Chandrasrikul, A., Suwanarit, P. & Sangwanit, U. (2008) Biodiversity of Mushroom and Macrofungi in Thailand. Kasetsart University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Chandrasrikul, A., Suwanarit, P., Sangwanit, U., Lumyong, S., Payapanon, A., Sanoamuang, N., Pukahuta, C., Petcharat, V., Sardsud, U., Duengkae, K., Klinhom, U., Thongkantha, S. & Thongklam, S. (2011). Checklist of Mushrooms (Basidiomycetes) in Thailand : Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok.
Duengkae, K. (2006). Monitoring on species diversity of macrofungi in Khek watershed, Phetchabun Province. Songklanakarin Journal Science and Technology, 28(2), 293-303. (in Thai)
Naksuwankul, K. (2017). Ecology and Taxonomy of Mushroom. Teaching document (revised version) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University. (in Thai)
Naksuwankul, K., Parnmen, S., Sikaphan, S., Leudang, S., Nooron, N., Thongbor, A. & Chantharasena, C. (2019). Handbook of study on morphological characteristics of mushroom, poisonous mushroom and surveillance. Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
Parnmen, S., Thongbor, A., Chantharasena, C., Sikaphan, S., Leudang, S. & Chantaporn, S. (2018). Handbook of Poisonous mushroom. Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
Sakolrak, B., Aryawong, J., Duengkae, K., Pongpanich, K. & Himaman, W. (2016). Agaris: at Kaeng Krachan Forest, Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary and Phu Khiao Wildlife Sanctuary. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Sangwanit, U., Suwanarit, P., Payappanon, A., Luangsa-ard, J. Chandrasrikul, A. & Sakolrak, B. (2013). List of Biological Property Mushroom. Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Sanoamuang, N. (2010). Wild Mushroom of Thailand: Biodiversity and Utilization. Universal Graphic and Trading Limited Partnership, Bangkok. (in Thai)
The Mushroom Researchers and Growers Society of Thailand. (2004). Poisonous Mushroom. Siammitr. Bangkok. (in Thai)
The Royal Institute. (1996). Edible Mushroom and Mushroom Poisoning in Thailand. The Royal Institute, Bangkok. (in Thai)
The Royal Institute. (2007). Mushroom in Thailand, The Royal Institute version 2nd publish. Treefilm Co., Ltd. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Thai Traditional Medical Knowledge Fund, Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health. (2013). Mushroom for health of food, medicine and economy accepts by indigenous knowledge medicine. The Agricultural Cooperative Federation of Thailand, Limited, Publishing. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Chandrasrikul, A. (1992). Mushroom in Thailand. Thaiwatnapanit Co., Ltd. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Chandrasrikul, A., Suwanarit, P. & Sangwanit, U. (2008) Biodiversity of Mushroom and Macrofungi in Thailand. Kasetsart University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Chandrasrikul, A., Suwanarit, P., Sangwanit, U., Lumyong, S., Payapanon, A., Sanoamuang, N., Pukahuta, C., Petcharat, V., Sardsud, U., Duengkae, K., Klinhom, U., Thongkantha, S. & Thongklam, S. (2011). Checklist of Mushrooms (Basidiomycetes) in Thailand : Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok.
Duengkae, K. (2006). Monitoring on species diversity of macrofungi in Khek watershed, Phetchabun Province. Songklanakarin Journal Science and Technology, 28(2), 293-303. (in Thai)
Naksuwankul, K. (2017). Ecology and Taxonomy of Mushroom. Teaching document (revised version) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University. (in Thai)
Naksuwankul, K., Parnmen, S., Sikaphan, S., Leudang, S., Nooron, N., Thongbor, A. & Chantharasena, C. (2019). Handbook of study on morphological characteristics of mushroom, poisonous mushroom and surveillance. Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
Parnmen, S., Thongbor, A., Chantharasena, C., Sikaphan, S., Leudang, S. & Chantaporn, S. (2018). Handbook of Poisonous mushroom. Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
Sakolrak, B., Aryawong, J., Duengkae, K., Pongpanich, K. & Himaman, W. (2016). Agaris: at Kaeng Krachan Forest, Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary and Phu Khiao Wildlife Sanctuary. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Sangwanit, U., Suwanarit, P., Payappanon, A., Luangsa-ard, J. Chandrasrikul, A. & Sakolrak, B. (2013). List of Biological Property Mushroom. Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Sanoamuang, N. (2010). Wild Mushroom of Thailand: Biodiversity and Utilization. Universal Graphic and Trading Limited Partnership, Bangkok. (in Thai)
The Mushroom Researchers and Growers Society of Thailand. (2004). Poisonous Mushroom. Siammitr. Bangkok. (in Thai)
The Royal Institute. (1996). Edible Mushroom and Mushroom Poisoning in Thailand. The Royal Institute, Bangkok. (in Thai)
The Royal Institute. (2007). Mushroom in Thailand, The Royal Institute version 2nd publish. Treefilm Co., Ltd. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Thai Traditional Medical Knowledge Fund, Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health. (2013). Mushroom for health of food, medicine and economy accepts by indigenous knowledge medicine. The Agricultural Cooperative Federation of Thailand, Limited, Publishing. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Downloads
Published
2022-01-10
Issue
Section
Research Article
