Effect of Dietary Copra Meal on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Red Tilapia
Abstract
The feeding trial was conducted to determine growth performance, survival rate and feed cost of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus – mossambicus). Four iso-nitrogenous (35% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (12% crude lipid) experimental diets containing 0, 3, 6, and 9 % of copra meal (CM0, CM3, CM6, CM9) were used. One hundred and twenty fish, with an initial weight of 14.28 ± 0.13 g were reared in twelve 500 - litre fiberglass tanks (10 fish /tank). Fish were fed twice a day (8 AM and 5 PM) for eight weeks. Growth performance, in terms of mean body weight, percentage weight gain (%WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were found the best (p<0.05) in fish fed on diet containing 9 % of copra meal. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed on control diet (CM0) was the highest (p<0.05).Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found the lowest in fish fed on control diet, But was not significant different (p>0.05) to fish fed on diet containing 9 % of copra meal. . Feed cost showed the lowest in fish fed on diet containing 9 % of copra meal. The incorporation of copra meal can be reduced feed cost 2.44 Bath per kilogram equivalent to 10.23 %. The results indicated that copra meal can be incorporated into diet for red tilapia up to 9 % without any deleterious effect on growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate. Moreover, feed cost can be minimized. Keywords : red tilapia ; copra meal ; growth performance ; feed costReferences
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Quang Tran, H., Van Doan, H., & Stejskal, V. (2022). Environmental Consequences of Using Insect Meal as an Ingredient in AqucEafeeds: A systematic view. Reviews in Aquaculture, 14(1), 237-251.
Salin, K.R., Arun, V.V., Mohanakumaran Nair, C., & Tidwell, J.H. (2018). Suatainable Aquafeed. In: F.I., Visvanathan, C., Boopathy, R. (Eds.), Sustainable Aquaculture. Springer International Publishing, pp 123-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73257-2_4.
Stein, H.H., Casas, G.A., Abelilla, J.J., Liu, Y., & Sulabo, R.C. (2015). Nutritional Value of High Fiber Co-products From the Copra, Palm Kernel, and Rice Industries in Diet Fed Pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 6:56 DOI 10. 1186/s40104-015-0056-6
Yusub, C.H.M., & Nugroho, R.A. (2017). Effects of Copra (Cocos nucifera) Meal on the Growth Performance of Cyprinus carprio. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1813(1) id 020025 DOI 10.1063/1.4975963
Apines-Amar, M. J. S., Coloso, R. M., Jaspe, C. J., Salvilla, J. M., Amar-Murillo, M. N. G., & Saclauso, C. A. (2015). Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Copra Meal in Milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forsskal) Diet. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 8(6), 1019-1026.
D'Abramo, L. R. (2021). Sustainable Aquafeed and Aquaculture Production Systems as Impacted by Challenges of Global Food Security and Climate Change. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 52(6), 1162-1167.
Freccia, A., Tubin, J. S. B., Rombenso, A. N., & Emerenciano, M. G. C. (2020). Insects in Aquaculture Nutrition: An Emerging Eco-Friendly Approach or Commercial Reality?. In Q. Lu, and M. Serajuddin (Eds.), Emerging Technologies, Environment and Research for Sustainable Aquaculture. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90489
Haemasaton, T., & Pisuttharachai, D. (2019). Dietary Copra Meal Supplementation on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus). KHON KAEN AGR. J. 47(SUPPL.1), 1225-1230. (in Thai)
Iluyemi, F. B., Hanafi, M. M., Radziah, O., & Kamarudin, M. S. (2010). Nutritional Evaluation of Fermented Palm Kernel Cake Using Red Tilapia. African Journal of biotechnology, 9(4).502-507.
Intoy, M.M.B., & Traifalgar, R. F. M. (2021). Feed Value of Fermented Copra Meal as a Sustainable Feed Ingredient in the Diet of Saline-tolerant Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758). Journal of Sustainable Science and Management. 16(8): 28-43.
Mamauag, R. E. P., Ragaza, J. A., & Nacionales, T. (2019). Fish Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Hepatic and Intestinal Morphologies in Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Fed Fermented Copra Meal. Aquaculture Reports, 14, 100202.
Mukhopadhyay, B. N., & Ray, A. K. (1999). Utilization of Copra Meal in the Formulation of Compound Diets for Rohu, Labeo rohita, Fingerlings. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 15(3), 127-131.
Nagappan, S., Das, P., AbdulQuadir, M., Thaher, M., Khan, S., Mahata, C., Al-jabri, H., Vatland, A.K., & Kumar, G. (2021). Potential of Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Ingredient for Aquaculture. Journal of Biotechnology, 341, 1-20.
Nalinanon, W., & Lerdsuwan, S. (2018). Study on the Effect of Coconut (by-product) Meal and Acacia mangium Leaf in Diets on Growth and Carcass Quality of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). KHONKAEN AGR. J. 46 (SUPPL.1), 1206-1032. (in Thai)
Nogales-Mérida, S., Gobbi, P., Józefiak, D., Mazurkiewicz, J., Dudek, K., Rawski, M., Kieroñczyk, B., & Józefiak, A. (2019). Insect Meals in Fish Nutrition. Reviews in Aquaculture, 11(4), 1080-1103.
Norambuena, F., Hermon, K., Skrzypczyk, V., Emery, J. A., Sharon, Y., Beard, A., & Turchini, G. M. (2015). Algae in Fish Feed: Performances and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Juvenile Atlantic Salmon. PloS one, 10(4), e0124042.
Olude, O O. Alegbeleye, W O A., & Obasa, S O. (2008). The Use of Soaked Copra Meal as a Partial Substitute for Soybean Meal in the Diet of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 20 (10): 1-7.
Phinyo, M., Thinjan, P., & Inyawilert, W. (2018). Use of Coconut Residue and Bacillus licheniformis in Feed for Silver Barb. Burapha Science Journal, 23(2), 1165-1177. (in Thai)
Phumee, P., Wei, W. Y., Ramachandran, S., & Hashim, R. (2011). Evaluation of Soybean Meal in the Formulated Diets for Juvenile Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), 214-222.
Quang Tran, H., Van Doan, H., & Stejskal, V. (2022). Environmental Consequences of Using Insect Meal as an Ingredient in AqucEafeeds: A systematic view. Reviews in Aquaculture, 14(1), 237-251.
Salin, K.R., Arun, V.V., Mohanakumaran Nair, C., & Tidwell, J.H. (2018). Suatainable Aquafeed. In: F.I., Visvanathan, C., Boopathy, R. (Eds.), Sustainable Aquaculture. Springer International Publishing, pp 123-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73257-2_4.
Stein, H.H., Casas, G.A., Abelilla, J.J., Liu, Y., & Sulabo, R.C. (2015). Nutritional Value of High Fiber Co-products From the Copra, Palm Kernel, and Rice Industries in Diet Fed Pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 6:56 DOI 10. 1186/s40104-015-0056-6
Yusub, C.H.M., & Nugroho, R.A. (2017). Effects of Copra (Cocos nucifera) Meal on the Growth Performance of Cyprinus carprio. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1813(1) id 020025 DOI 10.1063/1.4975963
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2023-05-11
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