Effect of Berker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on Life Table Responses and Population Growth of Moina macrocopa
Abstract
This study examined the effect of Berger’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentrations on life table responses and population growth in Moina macrocopa. Four dosages of S. cerevisiae for the experiment were 0, 4, 8, and 12 mg per L. The result showed that culture M. macrocopa with 12 mg per L of S. cerevisiae showed the highest number of offspring per female (45.3 ± 4.6 offspring per female), a number of brood per female (4.0 ± 0.0 brood per female), and a number of offspring per brood (11.3 ± 1.2 offspring per brood) (P < 0.05). Culturing of M. macrocopa with no food supply produced the lowest total number of offspring per female and the highest age at maturity (P < 0.05). The lifespan of M. macrocopa in all treatments was no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The best population growth (4,383.3 ± 808.3 individuals per liter) and the highest number of males (150.0 ± 25.7 individuals per liter) were observed in a culture fed with 12 mg per L of S. cerevisiae on the 7th and the 6th of culture (P < 0.05), respectively. The result of this study indicates that S. cerevisiae concentration affected the number of offspring per female, number of brood per female, number of offspring per brood, age at maturity, and population growth of M. macrocopa. Keywords: Food concentration; life history; Moina macrocopa; population growth; water fleaReferences
Adewumi, A.A. (2015). Growth performance and survival of Clarias gariepinus hatchlings fed different starter diets. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 5(3), 1 - 5.
Alam, M.J., Cheah, S.H., & Ang, K.J. (1991). Possible use of Moina spp. as a live feed substitute in larval rearing of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 22(4), 531 - 535.
Anano, J.A.P., & Eguia, M.R.R. (2016). Morphological development and survival of Philippine silver therapon larvae, Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864) reared under different feeding schemes. In Proceedings of the DLSU Research Congress 2016. (pp. 1 - 7). Manila: De La Salle University.
Azuraidi, O.M., Yusoff, F.M., Shamsudin, M.N., Raha, R.A., Alekseev, V.R., & Matias-Peralta, H.M. (2013). Effect of food density on male appearance and ephippia production in a tropical cladoceran, Moina micrura Kurz, 1874. Aquaculture, 412 - 413, 131 - 135.
Benider, A.,Tifnouti, A., & Pourriot, R. (2002). Growth of Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera): influence of trophic conditions, population density and temperature. Hydrobiologia, 468(1 - 3), 1 - 11.
Bouchnak, R., & Steinberg, C.E.W. (2010). Modulation of longevity in Daphnia magna by food quality and simultaneous exposure to dissolved humic substances. Limnologica, 40(2), 86 - 91.
Burak, E.S. (1997). Life tables of Moina macrocopa (STRAUS) in successive generations under food and temperature adaptation. Hydrobiologia, 360(1 - 3), 101 - 107.
Chen, R., Xu, N., Zhao, F., Wu, Y., Huang, Y., & Yang, Z. (2015). Temperature-dependent effect of food size on the reproductive performances of the small-sized cladoceran Moina micrura. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 59, 297 - 301.
Creswell, L. (2010). Phytoplankton Culture for Aquaculture Feed. Retrieved 20 May 2021, from http://www.hatcheryfm.com/article-files/file_1325053981_2.pdf
Department of Fisheries. (2021). Moina Culture. Retrieved 20 May 2021, from chrome-extension:// efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=http%3A%2F%2Feto.ku.ac.th%2Fneweto%2Fe-book%2Ffish%2Fraidaeng.pdf&clen=1758980&chunk=true
Din, M.U.D., & Altaff, K. (2010). Culture of zooplankton for rearing fish larvae. Pollution Research, 29(2), 255 - 257.
Duangsawasdi, S., Duangsawasdi, M. & Chaitong, S. (1981). Study on life history and culture of Moina macrocopa for aquatic animal larval feed. Bangkok: National Inland Fisheries Institute, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Engert, A., Chakrabarti, S., Saul, N., Bittner, M., Menzel, R., & Stenberg, C.E.W. (2013). Interaction of temperature and an environmental stressor: Moina macrocopa responds with increased body size, increased lifespan, and increased offspring numbers slightly above its temperature optimum. Chemosphere, 90(7), 2136 - 2141.
Ferrao-Filho, A.S., Arcifa, M.S., & Fileto, C. (2003). Resource limitation and food quality for cladocerans in a tropical Brazilian lake. Hydrobiologia, 491(1 - 3), 201 - 210.
Folt, C.L., Chen, C.Y., Moore, M.V., & Burnaford, J. (1999). Synergism and antagonism among multiple stressors. Limnology and Oceanography, 44(3), 864 - 877.
Gogoi, B., Safi, V., & Das, D.N. (2016). The cladoceran as live feed in fish culture: A brief review. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 4(3), 7 - 12.
Goulden, C.E. (1968). The systematics and evolution of the Moinidae. Transaction American Philosophical Society, 58, 1 - 101.
Gulati, R.D., & DeMott, W.R. (1997). The role of food quality for zooplankton: remarks on the state-of-the-art, perspectives and priorities. Freshwater Biology, 38, 753 - 768.
He, Z.H., Qin, J.G., Wang, Y., Jiang, H., & Wen, Z. (2001). Biology of Moina mongolica (Moinidae, Cladocera) and perspective as live food for marine fish larvae: review. Hydrobiologia, 457, 25 - 37.
Jose, L.G.F., Maria, E.H.S., Sarma, S.S.S., Nandini, S., Ricardo, Z.M., & Ramesh, D.G. (2015). Temperature and age affect the life history characteristics and fatty acid profiles of Moina macrocopa (cladocera). Journal of Thermal Biology, 53, 135 - 142.
Kamrunnahar, K., Anisuzzaman, M., Jeong, U.C., & Kang, S.J. (2019). Mass culture of Moina macrocopa using organic waste and its feeding effects on the performance of Pagrus major larvae. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 49, 75 - 80.
Kang, C.K., Park, H.Y., Kim, M.C., & Lee, W.J. (2006). Use of marine yeasts as an available diet for mass cultures of Moina macrocopa, Aquaculture Research, 37(12), 1227-1237.
Kar, S., Das, P., Das, U., Bimola, M., Kar, D., & Aditya, G. (2017). Culture of the zooplankton as fish food: observations on three freshwater species from Assam, India. AACL Bioflux, 10(5), 1210 - 1220.
Khudyi, O., Kushniryk, O., Khuda, L., & Marchenko, M. (2018). Differences in nutritional value and amino acid composition of Moina macrocopa (Straus) Using Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula glutinis as Fodder Substrates. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 68, 27 - 34.
Kleiven, O.T., Larsson, P., & Hobæk, A. (1992). Sexual reproduction in Daphnia magna requires three stimuli. Oikos, 65, 197 - 206.
Loh, J.Y., Ong, H.K.A., Hii, Y.S., Smith, T.J., Lock, M.W., & Khoo, G. (2012). Highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) retention in the freshwater cladoceran, Moina macrocopa, enriched with lipid emulsions. The Israeli journal of aquaculture, 64, 637 - 646.
Manklinniam, P., Chittapun, S., & Maiphae, S. (2018). Growth and nutritional value of Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) fed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Phaffia rhodozyma. Crustaceana, 91(8), 897 - 912.
Manklinniam, P., Maiphae, S., & Chittapun, S. (2017). Preliminary study of nutritional composition and growth of water flea (Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820)) fed by algae and yeast. In Proceeding The 14th KU KPS National Conference. (pp. 3700 - 3708). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Martinez-Jeronimo, F., & Gutierrez-Valdivia, A. (1991). Fecundity, reproduction, and growth of Moina macrocopa fed different algae. Hydrobiologia, 222(1), 49 - 55.
Martinez-Jeronimo, F., Rodriguez-Estrada, J., & Villasenor-Cordova, R. (2007). Effect of culture density and volume on Moina micrura (Kurz, 1874) reproduction, and sex ratio in the progeny. Hydrobiologia, 594, 69 - 73.
Michels, E., & De Meester, L. (1998). The influence of food quality on the phototactic behaviourof Daphnia magna Straus. Hydrobiologia, 379, 199 - 206.
Nandini, S., & Sarma, S.S.S. (2000). Lifetable demography of four cladoceran species in relation to algal food (Chlorella vulgaris) density. Hydrobiologia, 435, 117 - 126.
Nandini, S., & Sarma, S.S.S. 2003. Population growth of some genera of cladocerans (Cladocera) in relation to algal food (Chlorella vulgaris) levels. Hydrobiologia, 491, 211 - 219.
Ovie, S.I., & Egborge, A.B.M. (2002). The effect of different algal densities of Scenedesmus acuminatus on the population growth of Moina micrura Kurz (Crustacea: Anomopoda, Moinidae). Hydrobiologia, 477 (1 - 3), 41 - 45.
Pagano, M., Saint-Jean, L., Arfi, R., Bouvy, M., & Shep, H. (2000). Population growth capacities and regulatory factors in monospecific cultures of the cladocerans Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma excisum and the copepod Thermocyclops decipiens from Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Aquatic Living Resources, 13(3), 163 - 172.
Pavon-Meta, E.L., Sarma, S.S.S., & Nandini, S. (2005). Combined effects of algal (Chlorella vulgaris) food level and temperature on the demography of Brachionus havanaensis (Rotifera): a life table study. Hydrobiologia, 546, 353 - 360.
Pena-Aguado, F., Nandini, S., & Sarma, S.S.S. (2005). Differences in population growth of rotifers and cladocerans raised on algal diets supplemented with yeast. Limnologica, 35, 298 - 303.
Pichitkul, P. (2005). Water analysis. Bangkok: Division of aquaculture, Faculty of fishery, Kasetsart university. (in Thai)
Poynton, S.L., Dachsel, P., Lehmann, M.J., & Steinberg, C.E.W. (2013). Culture of the cladoceran Moina macrocopa: mortality associated with flagellate infection. Aquaculture, 416 - 417, 374 - 379.
Rodmongkoldee, M. (2019). Development of Moina micrura culture techniques for aquatic animal larval feed (Doctoral dissertation). Bangkok: Kasetsart university. (in Thai)
Rodmongkoldee, M., & Taparhudee, W. (2020). Life table responses of Moina micrura fed with different food concentrations. Burapha Science Journal, 25(3), 1136 - 1146.
Rodmongkoldee, M., Taparhudee, W., & Saengphan, N. (2020). Laboratory study on life history of three water flea species (Cladocera : Moinidae) in Thailand. Burapha Science Journal, 25(1), 129 - 140.
Rose, R.M., Warne, M.S.J., & Lim, R.P. (2000). Life history responses of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia to variation in food concentration. Hydrobiologia, 427, 59 - 64.
Rottmann, R.W., Graves, J.S., Watson, C., & Yanong, R.P.E. (2016). Culture Techniques of Moina: The Ideal Daphnia for Feeding Freshwater Fish Fry 1. Florida: University of Florida.
Saengphan, N., Suksomnit, A., & Chaloiesak, P. (2016). Modern water flea ephippia culture: Culture for 4 water flea ephippia production. Pathum Thani: National science and technology development agency. (in Thai)
Saengphan, N., Teeramaethee, J., & Chaloiesak, P. (2013). Species diversity and biology of the Cladocera in family Moinidae in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of the vocational education commission. (in Thai)
Santangelo, J.M., Bozelli, R.L., Rocha, A.D., & Esteves, F.D. (2008). Effects of slight salinity increases on Moina micrura (Cladocera) populations: field and laboratory observations. Marine & Freshwater Research, 59(9), 808 - 816.
Sipauba-Tavares, L. H., & Bachion, M. A. (2002). Population growth and development of two species of Cladocera, Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma birgei, in laboratory. Brazilian journal of biology, 62(4), 701 - 711.
Suhett, A.L., Steinberg, C.E.W., Santangelo, J.M., Bozelli, R.L., & Farjalla, V.F. (2011). Natural dissolved humic substances increase the lifespan and promote transgenerational resistance to salt stress in the cladoceran Moina macrocopa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 18(6), 1004 - 1014.
Taub, F.B., & Dollar, A.M. (1968). The nutritional inadequacy of Chlorella and Chlamydomonas as food for Daphnia pulex. Limnology and Oceanography, 13, 607 - 617.
Tomonari, K., Hiroshi, F., Aki, M., & Hiroshi, F. (2016). Effects of feeding with frozen freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa on the performance of red sea bream Pagrus major larviculture. Aquaculture International, 24, 183 - 197.
Tongsanga, S., & Lumlaingpol, P. (1987). Water quality in water flea (Moina macrocopa) rearing tank fertilized with manure and chemical fertilizers. In Proceeding The 25th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. (pp. 120 - 128). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Vignatti, A.M., Cabrera, G.C., & Echaniz, S.A. (2013). Distribution and biological aspects of the introduced species Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera) in the semi-arid central region of Argentina. Biota Neotropica, 13(3), 86 - 92.
War, M., Altaff, K., & Haniffa, M.A. (2011). Growth and survival of larval snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) fed different live feed organisms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11, 523 - 528.
Xi, Y.L., Hagiwara, A., & Sakakura, Y. (2005). Combined effects of food level and temperature on life table demography of Moina macrocopa STRAUS (Cladocera). International Review of Hydrobiology, 90(5 - 6), 546 - 554.
Alam, M.J., Cheah, S.H., & Ang, K.J. (1991). Possible use of Moina spp. as a live feed substitute in larval rearing of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 22(4), 531 - 535.
Anano, J.A.P., & Eguia, M.R.R. (2016). Morphological development and survival of Philippine silver therapon larvae, Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864) reared under different feeding schemes. In Proceedings of the DLSU Research Congress 2016. (pp. 1 - 7). Manila: De La Salle University.
Azuraidi, O.M., Yusoff, F.M., Shamsudin, M.N., Raha, R.A., Alekseev, V.R., & Matias-Peralta, H.M. (2013). Effect of food density on male appearance and ephippia production in a tropical cladoceran, Moina micrura Kurz, 1874. Aquaculture, 412 - 413, 131 - 135.
Benider, A.,Tifnouti, A., & Pourriot, R. (2002). Growth of Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera): influence of trophic conditions, population density and temperature. Hydrobiologia, 468(1 - 3), 1 - 11.
Bouchnak, R., & Steinberg, C.E.W. (2010). Modulation of longevity in Daphnia magna by food quality and simultaneous exposure to dissolved humic substances. Limnologica, 40(2), 86 - 91.
Burak, E.S. (1997). Life tables of Moina macrocopa (STRAUS) in successive generations under food and temperature adaptation. Hydrobiologia, 360(1 - 3), 101 - 107.
Chen, R., Xu, N., Zhao, F., Wu, Y., Huang, Y., & Yang, Z. (2015). Temperature-dependent effect of food size on the reproductive performances of the small-sized cladoceran Moina micrura. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 59, 297 - 301.
Creswell, L. (2010). Phytoplankton Culture for Aquaculture Feed. Retrieved 20 May 2021, from http://www.hatcheryfm.com/article-files/file_1325053981_2.pdf
Department of Fisheries. (2021). Moina Culture. Retrieved 20 May 2021, from chrome-extension:// efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=http%3A%2F%2Feto.ku.ac.th%2Fneweto%2Fe-book%2Ffish%2Fraidaeng.pdf&clen=1758980&chunk=true
Din, M.U.D., & Altaff, K. (2010). Culture of zooplankton for rearing fish larvae. Pollution Research, 29(2), 255 - 257.
Duangsawasdi, S., Duangsawasdi, M. & Chaitong, S. (1981). Study on life history and culture of Moina macrocopa for aquatic animal larval feed. Bangkok: National Inland Fisheries Institute, Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Engert, A., Chakrabarti, S., Saul, N., Bittner, M., Menzel, R., & Stenberg, C.E.W. (2013). Interaction of temperature and an environmental stressor: Moina macrocopa responds with increased body size, increased lifespan, and increased offspring numbers slightly above its temperature optimum. Chemosphere, 90(7), 2136 - 2141.
Ferrao-Filho, A.S., Arcifa, M.S., & Fileto, C. (2003). Resource limitation and food quality for cladocerans in a tropical Brazilian lake. Hydrobiologia, 491(1 - 3), 201 - 210.
Folt, C.L., Chen, C.Y., Moore, M.V., & Burnaford, J. (1999). Synergism and antagonism among multiple stressors. Limnology and Oceanography, 44(3), 864 - 877.
Gogoi, B., Safi, V., & Das, D.N. (2016). The cladoceran as live feed in fish culture: A brief review. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 4(3), 7 - 12.
Goulden, C.E. (1968). The systematics and evolution of the Moinidae. Transaction American Philosophical Society, 58, 1 - 101.
Gulati, R.D., & DeMott, W.R. (1997). The role of food quality for zooplankton: remarks on the state-of-the-art, perspectives and priorities. Freshwater Biology, 38, 753 - 768.
He, Z.H., Qin, J.G., Wang, Y., Jiang, H., & Wen, Z. (2001). Biology of Moina mongolica (Moinidae, Cladocera) and perspective as live food for marine fish larvae: review. Hydrobiologia, 457, 25 - 37.
Jose, L.G.F., Maria, E.H.S., Sarma, S.S.S., Nandini, S., Ricardo, Z.M., & Ramesh, D.G. (2015). Temperature and age affect the life history characteristics and fatty acid profiles of Moina macrocopa (cladocera). Journal of Thermal Biology, 53, 135 - 142.
Kamrunnahar, K., Anisuzzaman, M., Jeong, U.C., & Kang, S.J. (2019). Mass culture of Moina macrocopa using organic waste and its feeding effects on the performance of Pagrus major larvae. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 49, 75 - 80.
Kang, C.K., Park, H.Y., Kim, M.C., & Lee, W.J. (2006). Use of marine yeasts as an available diet for mass cultures of Moina macrocopa, Aquaculture Research, 37(12), 1227-1237.
Kar, S., Das, P., Das, U., Bimola, M., Kar, D., & Aditya, G. (2017). Culture of the zooplankton as fish food: observations on three freshwater species from Assam, India. AACL Bioflux, 10(5), 1210 - 1220.
Khudyi, O., Kushniryk, O., Khuda, L., & Marchenko, M. (2018). Differences in nutritional value and amino acid composition of Moina macrocopa (Straus) Using Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula glutinis as Fodder Substrates. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 68, 27 - 34.
Kleiven, O.T., Larsson, P., & Hobæk, A. (1992). Sexual reproduction in Daphnia magna requires three stimuli. Oikos, 65, 197 - 206.
Loh, J.Y., Ong, H.K.A., Hii, Y.S., Smith, T.J., Lock, M.W., & Khoo, G. (2012). Highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) retention in the freshwater cladoceran, Moina macrocopa, enriched with lipid emulsions. The Israeli journal of aquaculture, 64, 637 - 646.
Manklinniam, P., Chittapun, S., & Maiphae, S. (2018). Growth and nutritional value of Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) fed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Phaffia rhodozyma. Crustaceana, 91(8), 897 - 912.
Manklinniam, P., Maiphae, S., & Chittapun, S. (2017). Preliminary study of nutritional composition and growth of water flea (Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820)) fed by algae and yeast. In Proceeding The 14th KU KPS National Conference. (pp. 3700 - 3708). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Martinez-Jeronimo, F., & Gutierrez-Valdivia, A. (1991). Fecundity, reproduction, and growth of Moina macrocopa fed different algae. Hydrobiologia, 222(1), 49 - 55.
Martinez-Jeronimo, F., Rodriguez-Estrada, J., & Villasenor-Cordova, R. (2007). Effect of culture density and volume on Moina micrura (Kurz, 1874) reproduction, and sex ratio in the progeny. Hydrobiologia, 594, 69 - 73.
Michels, E., & De Meester, L. (1998). The influence of food quality on the phototactic behaviourof Daphnia magna Straus. Hydrobiologia, 379, 199 - 206.
Nandini, S., & Sarma, S.S.S. (2000). Lifetable demography of four cladoceran species in relation to algal food (Chlorella vulgaris) density. Hydrobiologia, 435, 117 - 126.
Nandini, S., & Sarma, S.S.S. 2003. Population growth of some genera of cladocerans (Cladocera) in relation to algal food (Chlorella vulgaris) levels. Hydrobiologia, 491, 211 - 219.
Ovie, S.I., & Egborge, A.B.M. (2002). The effect of different algal densities of Scenedesmus acuminatus on the population growth of Moina micrura Kurz (Crustacea: Anomopoda, Moinidae). Hydrobiologia, 477 (1 - 3), 41 - 45.
Pagano, M., Saint-Jean, L., Arfi, R., Bouvy, M., & Shep, H. (2000). Population growth capacities and regulatory factors in monospecific cultures of the cladocerans Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma excisum and the copepod Thermocyclops decipiens from Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Aquatic Living Resources, 13(3), 163 - 172.
Pavon-Meta, E.L., Sarma, S.S.S., & Nandini, S. (2005). Combined effects of algal (Chlorella vulgaris) food level and temperature on the demography of Brachionus havanaensis (Rotifera): a life table study. Hydrobiologia, 546, 353 - 360.
Pena-Aguado, F., Nandini, S., & Sarma, S.S.S. (2005). Differences in population growth of rotifers and cladocerans raised on algal diets supplemented with yeast. Limnologica, 35, 298 - 303.
Pichitkul, P. (2005). Water analysis. Bangkok: Division of aquaculture, Faculty of fishery, Kasetsart university. (in Thai)
Poynton, S.L., Dachsel, P., Lehmann, M.J., & Steinberg, C.E.W. (2013). Culture of the cladoceran Moina macrocopa: mortality associated with flagellate infection. Aquaculture, 416 - 417, 374 - 379.
Rodmongkoldee, M. (2019). Development of Moina micrura culture techniques for aquatic animal larval feed (Doctoral dissertation). Bangkok: Kasetsart university. (in Thai)
Rodmongkoldee, M., & Taparhudee, W. (2020). Life table responses of Moina micrura fed with different food concentrations. Burapha Science Journal, 25(3), 1136 - 1146.
Rodmongkoldee, M., Taparhudee, W., & Saengphan, N. (2020). Laboratory study on life history of three water flea species (Cladocera : Moinidae) in Thailand. Burapha Science Journal, 25(1), 129 - 140.
Rose, R.M., Warne, M.S.J., & Lim, R.P. (2000). Life history responses of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia to variation in food concentration. Hydrobiologia, 427, 59 - 64.
Rottmann, R.W., Graves, J.S., Watson, C., & Yanong, R.P.E. (2016). Culture Techniques of Moina: The Ideal Daphnia for Feeding Freshwater Fish Fry 1. Florida: University of Florida.
Saengphan, N., Suksomnit, A., & Chaloiesak, P. (2016). Modern water flea ephippia culture: Culture for 4 water flea ephippia production. Pathum Thani: National science and technology development agency. (in Thai)
Saengphan, N., Teeramaethee, J., & Chaloiesak, P. (2013). Species diversity and biology of the Cladocera in family Moinidae in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of the vocational education commission. (in Thai)
Santangelo, J.M., Bozelli, R.L., Rocha, A.D., & Esteves, F.D. (2008). Effects of slight salinity increases on Moina micrura (Cladocera) populations: field and laboratory observations. Marine & Freshwater Research, 59(9), 808 - 816.
Sipauba-Tavares, L. H., & Bachion, M. A. (2002). Population growth and development of two species of Cladocera, Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma birgei, in laboratory. Brazilian journal of biology, 62(4), 701 - 711.
Suhett, A.L., Steinberg, C.E.W., Santangelo, J.M., Bozelli, R.L., & Farjalla, V.F. (2011). Natural dissolved humic substances increase the lifespan and promote transgenerational resistance to salt stress in the cladoceran Moina macrocopa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 18(6), 1004 - 1014.
Taub, F.B., & Dollar, A.M. (1968). The nutritional inadequacy of Chlorella and Chlamydomonas as food for Daphnia pulex. Limnology and Oceanography, 13, 607 - 617.
Tomonari, K., Hiroshi, F., Aki, M., & Hiroshi, F. (2016). Effects of feeding with frozen freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa on the performance of red sea bream Pagrus major larviculture. Aquaculture International, 24, 183 - 197.
Tongsanga, S., & Lumlaingpol, P. (1987). Water quality in water flea (Moina macrocopa) rearing tank fertilized with manure and chemical fertilizers. In Proceeding The 25th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. (pp. 120 - 128). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Vignatti, A.M., Cabrera, G.C., & Echaniz, S.A. (2013). Distribution and biological aspects of the introduced species Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera) in the semi-arid central region of Argentina. Biota Neotropica, 13(3), 86 - 92.
War, M., Altaff, K., & Haniffa, M.A. (2011). Growth and survival of larval snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) fed different live feed organisms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11, 523 - 528.
Xi, Y.L., Hagiwara, A., & Sakakura, Y. (2005). Combined effects of food level and temperature on life table demography of Moina macrocopa STRAUS (Cladocera). International Review of Hydrobiology, 90(5 - 6), 546 - 554.
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2023-01-04
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