Microplastics Contamination in Surface Waters: A Case Study in Khlong Tho, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
Abstract
Recently, microplastics pollution in the global marine environment are widely interested. On the other hand, microplastic contaminants in freshwater ecosystem is still limited, especially surface waters in urban area. This study was investigated the contamination of microplastics in surface water of the Khlong Tho, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The surface water samples were collected from 5 sampling sites during July, August and September 2020. The results revealed that the contamination of microplastics in surface water were 2,916.67 pieces per liter, with the most of microplastics abundance was KT-1 (783.33 pieces per liter). Therefore, these results indicated a gradient of microplastic presence with water flow distance: low-density microplastic decreased from the water surface in KT-5to KT-1. Moreover, the most prevalence type of microplastics was fibers (1,750.00 pieces per liter), followed by fragments, films and pellets (753.33, 360.00 and 53.33 pieces per liter, respectively). Meanwhile, the most microplastic color in this study was blue (1,086.67 pieces per liter). The different types and colors of microplastic indicated that the landscape-specific occurrence of microplastics is likely to be related to differences in human activities, even though fibers and blue were distributed throughout the study area. Keywords : Microplastics, surface waters, Khlong Tho, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya ProvinceReferences
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Azad, S.M.O., Towatana, P., Pradit, S., Patricia, B.G., Hue, H.T., & Jualaong, S. (2018). First evidence of existence of microplastic in stomatch of some commercial fishes in the Lower Gulf of Thailand. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(6), 7345-7360.
Barrows, A.P.W., Neumann, C.A., Berger, M.L., & Shaw, S.D. (2017). Grab: vs. neuston tow net: A microplastic sampling performance comparison and possible advances in the field. Analytical Methods, 9, 1446-1453.
Besley, A., Vijver, M.G., Behrens, P., & Boske, B. (2017). A standardized method for sampling and extraction methods for quantifying microplastics in beach sand. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114(1), 77-83.
Besseling, E., Wang, B., LÜrling, M., & Koelmans, A.A. (2014). Nanoplastic affects growth of S. obliquus and reproduction of D. magna. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(20), 12336-12343.
Bhattacharya, P., Lin, S., Turner, J.P., & Ke, P.C. (2010). Physical adsorption of charged plastic nanoparticles affects algal photosynthesis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(39), 16556–16561.
Boerger, C.M., Lattin, G.L., Moore, S.L., & Moore, C.J. (2010). Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(12), 2275-2278.
Campanale, C., Stock, F., Massarelli, C., Kochleus, C., Bagnuolo, G., Rei_erscheid, G., & Uricchio, V. (2019). Microplastics and their possible sources: The example of Ofanto river in Southeast Italy. Environmental Pollution, 258, 113284.
Campanale, C., Massarelli, C., Savino, I., Locaputo, V., & Uricchio, V.F. (2020). A detailed review study on potential effects of microplastics and additives of concern on human health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1212.
Cesa, F.S., Turra, A., & Baruque-Ramos, J. (2017). Synthetic fibers as microplastics in the marine environment: A review from textile perspective with a focus on domestic washings. Science of the Total Environment, 598, 1116-1129.
Climatological Center. (2021). Weather forecast - Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved July 20, 2021, from http:// climate.tmd.go.th/map/thailand.
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., Halsband, C., Goodhead, R., Moger, J., & Galloway, T.S. (2013). Microplastics ingestion by zooplankton. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(12), 6646-6655.
Cole, M., Webb, H., Lindeque, P.K., Fileman, E.S., Halsband, C., & Galloway, T.S. (2014). Isolation of microplastics in biota-rich seawater samples and marine organisms. Scientific Reports, 4, 4528.
De Falco, F., Di Pace, E., Cocca, M., & Avella, M. (2019). The contribution of washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution. Scientific Reports, 9, 6633.
Dean, B.Y., Corcoran, P.L., & Helm, P.A. (2018). Factors influencing microplastic abundances in nearshore, tributary and beach sediments along the Ontario shoreline of Lake Erie. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 44, 1002-1009.
Desforges, J.P.W., Galbraith, M., Dangerfield, N., & Ross, P.S. (2014). Widespread distribution of microplastics in subsurface seawater in the NE Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 79, 94-99.
Horton, A.A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D.J., Lahive, E., & Svendsen, C. (2017). Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 127-141.
Kemsawasd, V. (2016). Microplastics: From cosmetics to food contaminants. Thai Journal of Toxicology, 31(1), 50-61. (in Thai)
Kwon, O.Y., Kang, J.H., Hong, S.H., & Shim, W.J. (2020). Spatial distribution of microplastic in the surface waters along the coast of Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 155, 1-8.
Lusher, A.L., Mchugh, M., & Thompson, R.C. (2013). Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 67 (1–2), 94-99.
Maes, T., Van der Meulen, M.D., Devriese, L.I., Leslie, H.A., Huvet, A., Frère, L., Robbens, J., & Vethaak, A.D. (2017). Microplastics baseline surveys at the water surface and in sediments of the North-East Atlantic. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 135.
Mani, T., Hauk, A., Walter, U., & Burkhardt-Holm, P. (2016). Microplastics profile along the Rhine River. Scientific Reports, 5, 1-7.
Masura, J., Baker, J., Foster, G., & Arthur, C. (2015). Laboratory methods for the analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: Recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOS-OR&R – 48.
Mhakeeta, C., & Mahantarat, T. (2015). World heritage: Power, conflict and change in the Historical City of Ayutthaya. Suan Dusit Graduate School Academic Journal, 11(1), 197-206. (in Thai)
Naji, A., Esmaili, Z., Mason, S.A., & Vethaak, A.D. (2017). The occurrence of microplastic contamination in littoral sediments of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 20459-20468.
Naji, A., Nuri, M., Amiri, P., & Niyogi, S. (2019). Small microplastic particles (S-MPPs) in sediments of mangrove ecosystem on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 146, 305-311.
Ogonowski, M., SchÜrr, C., Jarsén, Å., & Gorokhova, E. (2016). The effect of natural and authropogenic microparticles on individual fitness in Daphnia magna. PLoS One, 11, 1-20.
Prata, J.C. (2018). Airborne microplastics: Consequences to human health?. Environmental Pollution, 234, 115-126.
Rillig, M.C., Ingraffia, R., & de Souza Machado, A.A. (2017). Microplastic incorporation into soil in agroecosystems. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1805.
Sarasamma, S., Audira, G., Siregar, P., Malhotra, N., Lai, Y.H., Liang, S.T., Chen, J.R., Chen, K.H., & Hsiao, C.D. (2020). Nanoplastics cause neurobehavioral impairments, reproductive and oxidative damages, and biomarker responses in zebrafish: throwing up alarms of wide spread health risk of exposure. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4), 1-27.
Shahul Hamid, F., Bhatti, M.S., Anuar, N., Mohan, P., & Periathamby, A. (2018). Worldwide distribution and abundance of microplastic: How dire is the situation? Waste Management & Research, 36(10), 873-897.
Srijuntrapun, P., & Taengpun, P. (2020). Tragedy of the commons of the historical canal in the historic city, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. Humanity and Social Science Journal, Ubon Ratchathani University, 11(2), 86-105.
Sterl, M.F., Delandmeter, P., & Sebille, E. (2020). Influence of barotropic tidal currents on transport and accumulation of floating microplastics in the global open ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125, 1-13.
Stolte, A., Forster, S., Gerdts, G., & Schubert, H. (2015). Microplastic concentrations in beach sediments along the German Baltic coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 99(1-2), 216-229.
Ta, A., & Babel, S. (2019). Microplastic pollution in surface water of the Chao Phraya River in Ang Thong area. EnvironmentAsia, 12, 48-53.
Tharaman, P., Praisarnkul, S., & Leitpatom, N. (2016). Contamination of micro-plastic in bivalve mollusk at Chao Lao beach and the beach at Kung Wiman Chanthaburi Province. Chanthaburi: Faculty of Marine Technology Burapha University Chanthaburi Campus. (in Thai)
Uraisakul, S., Intaraprasit, N., & Uraisakul, K. (2011). Study on character and Image of Historical City, Phranakorn Si Ayuttaya, as the one of World Heritage. Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://cscd.kku.ac.th/uploads/ proceeding/140611_110902.pdf. (in Thai)
Wang, G., Lu, J., Li, W., Ning, J., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Liu, Z., Zhou, H., & Xiayihazi, N. (2021). Seasonal variation and risk assessment of microplastics in surface water of the Manas River Basin, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 208, 111477.
Wang, Y., Zou, X., Peng, C., Qiao, S., Wang, T., Yu, W., Khokiattiwong, S., & Kornkanitnan, N. (2021). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in surface sediments from the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 152, 110916.
Waring, R.H., Harrisa, R.M., & Mitchell, S.C. (2018). Plastic contamination of the food chain: a threat to human health? Maturitas, 115, 64-68.
Wu, N., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Zhao, Z., He, J., Li, W., Ma, Y., & Niu, Z. (2019). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the surface water and sediment of two typical estuaries in Bohai Bay, China. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 21, 1143-1152.
Xiong, X., Tu, Y., Chen, X., Jiang, X., Shi, H., Wu, C., & Elser, J.J. (2019). Ingestion and egestion of polyethylene microplastics by goldfish (Carassius auratus): influence of color and morphological features. Heliyon, 5(12), e03063.
Xu, P., Peng, G., Su, L., Gao, Y., Gao, L., & Li, D. (2018). Microplastic risk assessment in surface waters: A case study in the Changjiang Estuary, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, 654-647.
Yong, C.Q.Y., Valiyaveetill, S., & Tang, B.L. (2020). Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics in mammalian systems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1-24.
Azad, S.M.O., Towatana, P., Pradit, S., Patricia, B.G., Hue, H.T., & Jualaong, S. (2018). First evidence of existence of microplastic in stomatch of some commercial fishes in the Lower Gulf of Thailand. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(6), 7345-7360.
Barrows, A.P.W., Neumann, C.A., Berger, M.L., & Shaw, S.D. (2017). Grab: vs. neuston tow net: A microplastic sampling performance comparison and possible advances in the field. Analytical Methods, 9, 1446-1453.
Besley, A., Vijver, M.G., Behrens, P., & Boske, B. (2017). A standardized method for sampling and extraction methods for quantifying microplastics in beach sand. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 114(1), 77-83.
Besseling, E., Wang, B., LÜrling, M., & Koelmans, A.A. (2014). Nanoplastic affects growth of S. obliquus and reproduction of D. magna. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(20), 12336-12343.
Bhattacharya, P., Lin, S., Turner, J.P., & Ke, P.C. (2010). Physical adsorption of charged plastic nanoparticles affects algal photosynthesis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(39), 16556–16561.
Boerger, C.M., Lattin, G.L., Moore, S.L., & Moore, C.J. (2010). Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(12), 2275-2278.
Campanale, C., Stock, F., Massarelli, C., Kochleus, C., Bagnuolo, G., Rei_erscheid, G., & Uricchio, V. (2019). Microplastics and their possible sources: The example of Ofanto river in Southeast Italy. Environmental Pollution, 258, 113284.
Campanale, C., Massarelli, C., Savino, I., Locaputo, V., & Uricchio, V.F. (2020). A detailed review study on potential effects of microplastics and additives of concern on human health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1212.
Cesa, F.S., Turra, A., & Baruque-Ramos, J. (2017). Synthetic fibers as microplastics in the marine environment: A review from textile perspective with a focus on domestic washings. Science of the Total Environment, 598, 1116-1129.
Climatological Center. (2021). Weather forecast - Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved July 20, 2021, from http:// climate.tmd.go.th/map/thailand.
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., Halsband, C., Goodhead, R., Moger, J., & Galloway, T.S. (2013). Microplastics ingestion by zooplankton. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(12), 6646-6655.
Cole, M., Webb, H., Lindeque, P.K., Fileman, E.S., Halsband, C., & Galloway, T.S. (2014). Isolation of microplastics in biota-rich seawater samples and marine organisms. Scientific Reports, 4, 4528.
De Falco, F., Di Pace, E., Cocca, M., & Avella, M. (2019). The contribution of washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution. Scientific Reports, 9, 6633.
Dean, B.Y., Corcoran, P.L., & Helm, P.A. (2018). Factors influencing microplastic abundances in nearshore, tributary and beach sediments along the Ontario shoreline of Lake Erie. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 44, 1002-1009.
Desforges, J.P.W., Galbraith, M., Dangerfield, N., & Ross, P.S. (2014). Widespread distribution of microplastics in subsurface seawater in the NE Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 79, 94-99.
Horton, A.A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D.J., Lahive, E., & Svendsen, C. (2017). Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 127-141.
Kemsawasd, V. (2016). Microplastics: From cosmetics to food contaminants. Thai Journal of Toxicology, 31(1), 50-61. (in Thai)
Kwon, O.Y., Kang, J.H., Hong, S.H., & Shim, W.J. (2020). Spatial distribution of microplastic in the surface waters along the coast of Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 155, 1-8.
Lusher, A.L., Mchugh, M., & Thompson, R.C. (2013). Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 67 (1–2), 94-99.
Maes, T., Van der Meulen, M.D., Devriese, L.I., Leslie, H.A., Huvet, A., Frère, L., Robbens, J., & Vethaak, A.D. (2017). Microplastics baseline surveys at the water surface and in sediments of the North-East Atlantic. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 135.
Mani, T., Hauk, A., Walter, U., & Burkhardt-Holm, P. (2016). Microplastics profile along the Rhine River. Scientific Reports, 5, 1-7.
Masura, J., Baker, J., Foster, G., & Arthur, C. (2015). Laboratory methods for the analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: Recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOS-OR&R – 48.
Mhakeeta, C., & Mahantarat, T. (2015). World heritage: Power, conflict and change in the Historical City of Ayutthaya. Suan Dusit Graduate School Academic Journal, 11(1), 197-206. (in Thai)
Naji, A., Esmaili, Z., Mason, S.A., & Vethaak, A.D. (2017). The occurrence of microplastic contamination in littoral sediments of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 20459-20468.
Naji, A., Nuri, M., Amiri, P., & Niyogi, S. (2019). Small microplastic particles (S-MPPs) in sediments of mangrove ecosystem on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 146, 305-311.
Ogonowski, M., SchÜrr, C., Jarsén, Å., & Gorokhova, E. (2016). The effect of natural and authropogenic microparticles on individual fitness in Daphnia magna. PLoS One, 11, 1-20.
Prata, J.C. (2018). Airborne microplastics: Consequences to human health?. Environmental Pollution, 234, 115-126.
Rillig, M.C., Ingraffia, R., & de Souza Machado, A.A. (2017). Microplastic incorporation into soil in agroecosystems. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1805.
Sarasamma, S., Audira, G., Siregar, P., Malhotra, N., Lai, Y.H., Liang, S.T., Chen, J.R., Chen, K.H., & Hsiao, C.D. (2020). Nanoplastics cause neurobehavioral impairments, reproductive and oxidative damages, and biomarker responses in zebrafish: throwing up alarms of wide spread health risk of exposure. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4), 1-27.
Shahul Hamid, F., Bhatti, M.S., Anuar, N., Mohan, P., & Periathamby, A. (2018). Worldwide distribution and abundance of microplastic: How dire is the situation? Waste Management & Research, 36(10), 873-897.
Srijuntrapun, P., & Taengpun, P. (2020). Tragedy of the commons of the historical canal in the historic city, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. Humanity and Social Science Journal, Ubon Ratchathani University, 11(2), 86-105.
Sterl, M.F., Delandmeter, P., & Sebille, E. (2020). Influence of barotropic tidal currents on transport and accumulation of floating microplastics in the global open ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125, 1-13.
Stolte, A., Forster, S., Gerdts, G., & Schubert, H. (2015). Microplastic concentrations in beach sediments along the German Baltic coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 99(1-2), 216-229.
Ta, A., & Babel, S. (2019). Microplastic pollution in surface water of the Chao Phraya River in Ang Thong area. EnvironmentAsia, 12, 48-53.
Tharaman, P., Praisarnkul, S., & Leitpatom, N. (2016). Contamination of micro-plastic in bivalve mollusk at Chao Lao beach and the beach at Kung Wiman Chanthaburi Province. Chanthaburi: Faculty of Marine Technology Burapha University Chanthaburi Campus. (in Thai)
Uraisakul, S., Intaraprasit, N., & Uraisakul, K. (2011). Study on character and Image of Historical City, Phranakorn Si Ayuttaya, as the one of World Heritage. Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://cscd.kku.ac.th/uploads/ proceeding/140611_110902.pdf. (in Thai)
Wang, G., Lu, J., Li, W., Ning, J., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Liu, Z., Zhou, H., & Xiayihazi, N. (2021). Seasonal variation and risk assessment of microplastics in surface water of the Manas River Basin, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 208, 111477.
Wang, Y., Zou, X., Peng, C., Qiao, S., Wang, T., Yu, W., Khokiattiwong, S., & Kornkanitnan, N. (2021). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in surface sediments from the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 152, 110916.
Waring, R.H., Harrisa, R.M., & Mitchell, S.C. (2018). Plastic contamination of the food chain: a threat to human health? Maturitas, 115, 64-68.
Wu, N., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Zhao, Z., He, J., Li, W., Ma, Y., & Niu, Z. (2019). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the surface water and sediment of two typical estuaries in Bohai Bay, China. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 21, 1143-1152.
Xiong, X., Tu, Y., Chen, X., Jiang, X., Shi, H., Wu, C., & Elser, J.J. (2019). Ingestion and egestion of polyethylene microplastics by goldfish (Carassius auratus): influence of color and morphological features. Heliyon, 5(12), e03063.
Xu, P., Peng, G., Su, L., Gao, Y., Gao, L., & Li, D. (2018). Microplastic risk assessment in surface waters: A case study in the Changjiang Estuary, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, 654-647.
Yong, C.Q.Y., Valiyaveetill, S., & Tang, B.L. (2020). Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics in mammalian systems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1-24.
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2022-05-30
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