Effect of Endophytic Fungi from Rhynchostylis gigantean (Lindl.) Ridl. on Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Oryza sativa L., Brassica oleracea L. and R. gigantean
Abstract
The effect of endophytic fungi from Rhynchostylis gigantean (Lindl.) Ridl. that has the ability to promote the seed germination and seedling development of Oryza sativa, Brassica oleracea, and R. gigantean was investigated and isolated. The results revealed that 8 fungal isolates were isolated from the orchid and produce indole acetic acid (IAA) content in a range of 0.52-2.54 µg/mL. The isolate 2 produced maximum levels of IAA content (2.54 µg/mL), followed by isolate 1 (1.84 µg/mL) and 7 (0.82 µg/mL), respectively. The efficiency of seed germination and seedling development of fungal isolates on O. sativa and B. oleracea seeds revealed that the growth in O. sativa seedlings were significantly different (p<0.05) between fungal isolates. Fungal isolates 2 and isolate 4 exhibited the maximum root length (5.19 cm) and shoot length (6.88 cm), respectively. The growth of B. oleracea seedlings showed that isolate 7 had the highest root length (1.86 cm). The effect of culture broth of fungal isolates on the development of R. gigantean protocorms showed that fungal isolates 1, 2, 4, and 5 showed shoot significant difference (p<0.05) with control. The highest percentage of shoot development (45.71%) is medium supplemented with fungal isolate 2 and isolates 1 showed the highest of width (0.158 cm) and length (0.209 cm) of protocorms. The results implied that endophytic fungi from R. gigantean has the efficiency to promote the seed germination and seedling development of O. sativa, B. oleracea, R. gigantean that could be further developed for plant growth regulator in the future. Keywords : endophytic fungi, orchid, plant growth regulator, indole acetic acidReferences
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Buatong, J., S. Phongpaichit, V. Rukachaisirikul, and J. Sakayaroj. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from mangrove fungal endophytes. World Journal Microbiol Biotechnology, 27, 3005–3008.
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Devi, N. N., Prabakaran, J. J., & Wahab, F. (2012). Phytochemical analysis and enzyme analysis of endophytic fungi from Centella asiatica. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(3), 1280-1284.
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Hussan, H., Kliche-Spory, C., Al-Harrasi, A., Al-Rawahi, A., Abbas, G., Green, I. R., Shah, A. (2014). Antimicrobial constituents from three endophytic fungi. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7(Special), 224-227.
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Liu, X., Dong, M., Chen, X., Jiang, M., Lv, X., & Yan, G. (2007). Antioxidant activity and phenolics of an endophytic Xylaria sp. from Ginkgo biloba. Food Chemistry, 105(2), 548-554.
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Pangkam, P., Chaimungyong, R., Chomchoei. A., (2016). Effects of Endophytic fungi producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) on Seedling and growth of jasmine rice (KDML 105). In Proceeding 7th National & International Conference. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand, 2904-2917 (in Thai)
Rahman, A., Sitepu, I.R., Tang, S.Y. andHashidoko, Y. (2010). Salkowski’s reagent test as a primary screening index for functionalities of rhizobacteria isolated from wild dipterocarp saplings growing naturally on medium-strongly acidic tropical peat soil. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 74(11), 2202-2208.
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Strobel, G.A. (2006). Muscodor albus and its biological promise. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33, 514-522. Swarts, N.D. and Dixon K.W. (2009). Terrestrial orchid conservation in the age of extinction. Ann. Bot., 104, 543-556.
Syamsia, Kuswinantib, T., Syam’unb, E. and Masniawati, A. (2010). The potency of endophytic fungal Isolated collected from local aromatic rice as indole acetic acid (IAA) producer. Procedia food Science, 3, 96-103.
Vacin, E. and Went, F.W. (1949). Some pH changes in nutrient solutions. Botanical Gazette, 110, 605-613.
Waqas, M., Khan, A. L., Kamean, M., Hamayun, M., Kang, S. M., Kim, Y. H. And Lee I.J. 2012, Endophytic Fungi Produce Gibberellins and Indoleacetic Acid and Promotes Host-Plant Growth during stress. Molecules, 17(9), 10754-10773.
Wongcharoen, A. (2014). Screening of endophytic fungi from rice (Oryza sativa L.) against rice pathogenic fungi. Khon Kaen AGR. J., 42(3), 385-396. (in Thai)
Wongcharoen, A. (2014). Roles of endophytic fungi in plant disease control. Khon Kaen AGR. J., 42(4), 643-654. (in Thai)
Wright. S.H., Berch, S.M. and Berbee, M.L. (2009). The effect of fertilization on the below-ground diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Mycorrhiza. 19, 267-276.
Yam, T.W. and Arditti, J., (2009). History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 3(1), 1-56.
Anuar, E. N., Nulit, R. and Idris, A.S., (2015). Growth promoting effects of endophytic fungus Phlebia GanoEF3 on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings. International journal of agriculture and biology, 17(1), 135-141.
Buatong, J., S. Phongpaichit, V. Rukachaisirikul, and J. Sakayaroj. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from mangrove fungal endophytes. World Journal Microbiol Biotechnology, 27, 3005–3008.
Buensanteai, N., Yuen, G.Y. and Prathuangwong, S., (2008). The biocontrol bacterium Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens KPS46 produces auxin, surfactin and extracellular proteins for enhanced growth of cucumber plant, Thai J. Agric. Sci., 41(3-4), 101-116.
Chutima, R. and Lumyong, S. (2012). Production of indole-3-acetic acid by Thai native orchid-associated fungi. Symbiosis. 56(1), 35-44.
Devi, N. N., Prabakaran, J. J., & Wahab, F. (2012). Phytochemical analysis and enzyme analysis of endophytic fungi from Centella asiatica. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(3), 1280-1284.
Fu J. and S. Wang. (2011). Insights into auxin signaling in plantpathogen interactions. Front Plant Sci., 2, 1–7.
Hussan, H., Kliche-Spory, C., Al-Harrasi, A., Al-Rawahi, A., Abbas, G., Green, I. R., Shah, A. (2014). Antimicrobial constituents from three endophytic fungi. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7(Special), 224-227.
Kaewkrajay. C., Dethoup. T., Sathitpanawong. L. (2014). Efficacy of endophytic fungi isolated from Sesbania javanica against plant pathogenic funji. Khon Kaen AGR. J., 42(3), 271-282. (in Thai)
Liu, X., Dong, M., Chen, X., Jiang, M., Lv, X., & Yan, G. (2007). Antioxidant activity and phenolics of an endophytic Xylaria sp. from Ginkgo biloba. Food Chemistry, 105(2), 548-554.
Mei. C.X., D.H. Ling, H.K. Xing, S.Z. Rong, C. Juan, and G. S. Xing. (2010). Diversity and antimicrobial antimicrobial and plant-growth-promoting activities of endophytic fungi in Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe. Journal of plant growth regulation, 29(3), 328-337.
Naik, B. S., J. Shashikala, and Y. Krishnamurthy. (2009). Study on the diversity of endophytic communities from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their antagonistic activities in vitro. Microbiol. Res., 164, 290-296.
Pangkam, P., Chaimungyong, R., Chomchoei. A., (2016). Effects of Endophytic fungi producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) on Seedling and growth of jasmine rice (KDML 105). In Proceeding 7th National & International Conference. Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand, 2904-2917 (in Thai)
Rahman, A., Sitepu, I.R., Tang, S.Y. andHashidoko, Y. (2010). Salkowski’s reagent test as a primary screening index for functionalities of rhizobacteria isolated from wild dipterocarp saplings growing naturally on medium-strongly acidic tropical peat soil. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 74(11), 2202-2208.
Rodriguez, R. J. Henson, E. Van Volkenburgh, M. Hoy, L. Wright, F. Beckwith, Y.-O. Kim, and R. S. Redman. (2008). Stress tolerance in plant via habitat-adapted symbiosis. The ISME J., 2, 404-416.
Shah, S., Shrestha, R., Maharjan, S., Selosse, M.A., Pant, B. (2018). Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Fungi from the Roots of Dendrobium moniliforme. Plants., 8(1), 5, 1-11.
Strobel, G.A. (2006). Muscodor albus and its biological promise. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33, 514-522. Swarts, N.D. and Dixon K.W. (2009). Terrestrial orchid conservation in the age of extinction. Ann. Bot., 104, 543-556.
Syamsia, Kuswinantib, T., Syam’unb, E. and Masniawati, A. (2010). The potency of endophytic fungal Isolated collected from local aromatic rice as indole acetic acid (IAA) producer. Procedia food Science, 3, 96-103.
Vacin, E. and Went, F.W. (1949). Some pH changes in nutrient solutions. Botanical Gazette, 110, 605-613.
Waqas, M., Khan, A. L., Kamean, M., Hamayun, M., Kang, S. M., Kim, Y. H. And Lee I.J. 2012, Endophytic Fungi Produce Gibberellins and Indoleacetic Acid and Promotes Host-Plant Growth during stress. Molecules, 17(9), 10754-10773.
Wongcharoen, A. (2014). Screening of endophytic fungi from rice (Oryza sativa L.) against rice pathogenic fungi. Khon Kaen AGR. J., 42(3), 385-396. (in Thai)
Wongcharoen, A. (2014). Roles of endophytic fungi in plant disease control. Khon Kaen AGR. J., 42(4), 643-654. (in Thai)
Wright. S.H., Berch, S.M. and Berbee, M.L. (2009). The effect of fertilization on the below-ground diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Mycorrhiza. 19, 267-276.
Yam, T.W. and Arditti, J., (2009). History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 3(1), 1-56.
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2022-06-06
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