Optimization of Paramecium caudatum Cultivation Condition Using Agricultural Wastes
Abstract
This research aimed to optimize the agricultural waste culture medium and conditions of Paramecium caudatum. Agricultural wastes, sugarcane molasses (SGCM), soybean meal (SB), and rice straw (RS) were determined total reducing sugar and total protein contents. The results showed that SGCM contains the highest total reducing sugar content and following SB and RS. SB had the highest total protein content and following SGCM and RS. The impact of the agricultural waste culture medium on P. caudatum growth was conducted by varying concentrations of each agricultural wastes, 0.00, 0.01 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 10.00%(w/v). The optimal concentrations of each agricultural wastes are 0.1%(w/v) of SGCM, 1.0%(w/v) of SB, and 1.0%(w/v) of RS, respectively. The impact of the combination of agricultural wastes medium (0.1%(w/v) of SGCM, 1.0%(w/v) of SB, and 1.0%(w/v) of RS) on P. caudatum growth was investigated compared with each agricultural waste medium. The P. caudatum growth in a combination medium was significantly increased compared with a single medium. The effect of pH (pH 4 – 10) and temperature (10 – 40 °C) on P. caudatum growth were determined. The optimal cultivation condition of P. caudatum was cultivated in the combination of agricultural wastes medium with pH of 6.0 and temperature ranged between 25 and 30°C. This finding indicated that this new modification agricultural wastes culture medium is suitable for P. caudatum growth used in ecotoxicological studies and animal feed production. Keywords : Paramecium ; culture medium ; agricultural wastesReferences
Alavijeh, M.K., & Yaghmaei, S. (2016). Biochemical production of bioenergy from agricultural crops and residue in Iran. Waste management, 52, 375-394.
Amanchi, N.R. (2010). A low cost microbiotest for screening behavioural and ecotoxicological responses of Paramecium caudatum and Oxytricha fallax to azadirachtin. Advances in Applied Science Research,
1, 124-31.
Amin, M., Bhatti, H. N., Zuber, M., Bhatti, I. A., & Asgher, M. (2014). Potential use of agricultural wastes for the production of lipase by Aspergillus melleus under solid state fermentation. J Anim Plant Sci, 24, 1430-7.
Arnaiz, O., Meyer, E., & Sperling, L. (2020). ParameciumDB 2019: integrating genomic data across the genus for functional and evolutionary biology. Nucleic acids research, 48(D1), D599-D605.
Baker, K.M., Utterback, P.L., Parsons, C.M. & Stein H.H. (2011). Nutritional value of soybean meal produced from conventional, high-protein, or low-oligosaccharide varieties of soybeans and fed to broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 90, 390-95.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72, 248-54.
Charubhun, B., & Charubhun, N. (2007). Protozoa in Inland waters. Bangkok: Kasetsart University press.
Cheah, W.Y., Show, P.L., Juan, J.C., Chang, J-S., & Ling, T.C. (2018). Enhancing biomass and lipid productions of microalgae in palm oil mill effluent using carbon and nutrient supplementation. Energy Conversion and Management, 164, 188-97.
Corp, IBM. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. New York.
Duncan, A.B., Fellous, S., Accot, R., Alart, M., Chantung Sobandi, K., Cosiaux, A., & Kaltz, O. (2010). Parasite -mediated protection against osmotic stress for Paramecium caudatum infected by Holospora undulata is host genotype specific. FEMS microbiology ecology, 74, 353-60.
Duncan, A.B., Fellous, S., Quillery, E., & Kaltz, O. (2011). Adaptation of Paramecium caudatum to variable conditions of temperature stress. Research in Microbiology, 162(9), 939-944.
Edmiston Jr, C.E., Goheen, M., Malaney, G.W., & Mills, W.L. (1985). Evaluation of carbamate toxicity: Acute toxicity in a culture of Paramecium multimicronucleatum upon exposure to aldicarb, carbaryl, and mexacarbate as measured by Warburg respirometry and acute plate assay. Environmental research, 36, 338-50.
Gabhane, J., William, S. P., Gadhe, A., Rath, R., Vaidya, A. N., & Wate, S. (2014). Pretreatment of banana agricultural waste for bio-ethanol production: individual and interactive effects of acid and alkali pretreatments with autoclaving, microwave heating and ultrasonication. Waste management, 34(2),
498-503.
Ghorbani Vaghei, R., Abolhasani, M.H., Ghorbani, R., & Matinfar, A. (2017). Production of soybean meal-based feed and its effect on growth performance of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in earthen pond. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 17, 578-86.
Heikkinen, J., Vielma, J., Kemiläinen, O., Tiirola, M., Eskelinen, P., Kiuru, T., Navia-Paldanius, D., & Von Wright, A. (2006). Effects of soybean meal based diet on growth performance, gut histopathology and intestinal microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 261, 259-68.
Hemmersbach, R., Bromeis, B., Block, I., Bräucker, R., Krause, M., Freiberger, N., Stieber, C., & Wilczek, M. (2001). Paramecium—A model system for studying cellular graviperception. Advances in Space Research, 27, 893-98.
Heydarnejad, M.S. (2008). Survival of Paramecium caudatum at various pH values and under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Pakistan journal of biological sciences, 11, 392.
Ibrahim, R.A. (2015). Tribological performance of polyester composites reinforced by agricultural wastes. Tribology International, 90, 463-466.
Karimi, E., Mehrabanjoubani, P., Keshavarzian, M., Oskoueian, E., Jaafar, H.Z., & Abdolzadeh, A. (2014). Identification and quantification of phenolic and flavonoid components in straw and seed husk of some rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) and their antioxidant properties. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94, 2324-30.
Krenek, S., Berendonk, T.U., & Petzoldt, T. (2011). Thermal performance curves of Paramecium caudatum: a model selection approach. European Journal of Protistology, 47, 124-37.
Krenek, S., Petzoldt, T., & Berendonk, T.U. (2012). Coping with Temperature at the Warm Edge – Patterns of Thermal Adaptation in the Microbial Eukaryote Paramecium caudatum. PLOS ONE, 7(3), e30598.
Lee, J.W. (1942). The effect of pH on food-vacuole formation in Paramecium. Physiological Zoology, 15, 459-65.
Li, H., Shi, A., Li, M., & Zhang, X. (2013). Effect of pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Flow Rate of Overlying Water on Heavy Metals Release from Storm Sewer Sediments. Journal of Chemistry, 2013, 434012.
Madoni, P. (2000). The acute toxicity of nickel to freshwater ciliates. Environmental Pollution, 109, 53-59.
Malhotra, A., & Coupland, J.N. (2004). The effect of surfactants on the solubility, zeta potential, and viscosity of soy protein isolates. Food Hydrocolloids, 18, 101-08.
Mansano, A. S., Moreira, R. A., Pierozzi, M., Oliveira, T. M., Vieira, E. M., Rocha, O., & Regali-Seleghim, M. H. (2016). Effects of diuron and carbofuran pesticides in their pure and commercial forms on Paramecium caudatum: The use of protozoan in ecotoxicology. Environmental pollution, 213, 160-172.
Miller, G.L. (1959). Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical chemistry, 31, 426-28.
Miyoshi, N., Kawano, T., Tanaka, M., Kadono, T., Kosaka, T., Kunimoto, M., Takahashi, T., & Hosoya, H. (2003). Use of Paramecium species in bioassays for environmental risk management: determination of IC50 values for water pollutants. Journal of health science, 49, 429-35.
Momayezi, M., Albrecht, P., Plattner, H., & Schmidt, H.J. (2004). Temperature-induced change of variant surface antigen expression in Paramecium involves antigen release into the culture medium with considerable delay between transcription and surface expression. Journal of membrane biology, 200, 15-23.
Mondal, M., Ghosh, A., Tiwari, O.N., Gayen, K., Das, P., Mandal, M.K., & Halder, G. (2017). Influence of carbon sources and light intensity on biomass and lipid production of Chlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031 isolated from coalfield under various nutritional modes. Energy Conversion and Management, 145, 247-54.
Mortuza, M.G., Takahashi, T., Ueki, T., Kosaka, T. Michibata, H., & Hosoya, H. (2009). Comparison of hexavalent chromium bioaccumulation in five strains of paramecium, Paramecium bursaria. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 3, 062-66.
Muhammad, I., Muhammad, N., Quratualain, S., & Shahjahan, B. (2012). Effect of medium composition on xylanase production by Bacillus subtilis using various agricultural wastes. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12(5), 561-565.
Piasecka, A., Krzemińska, I., & Tys, J. (2017). Enrichment of Parachlorella kessleri biomass with bioproducts: oil and protein by utilization of beet molasses. Journal of Applied Phycology, 29, 1735-43.
Prajer, M. 2005. Glucose, sorbitol and insulin as exogenous agents that monitor the interautogamous interval (IAI) in Paramecium primaurelia. Folia Biologica (Kraków), 53(3-4), 215-21.
Pryshliak, N., & Tokarchuk, D. (2020). Socio-economic and environmental benefits of biofuel production development from agricultural waste in Ukraine. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, 8(1),18-27.
Rouabhi, R., Berrebbah, H., & Djebar, M.R. (2006). Toxicity evaluation of flucycloxuron and diflubenzuron on the cellular model, Paramecium sp.. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 45-48.
Satlewal, A., Agrawal, R., Bhagia, S., Das, P., & Ragauskas, A.J. (2018). Rice straw as a feedstock for biofuels: availability, recalcitrance, and chemical properties. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 12, 83-107.
Suo, L.N., Sun, X.Y., & Li, S.Y. (2011). Use of organic agricultural wastes as growing media for the production of Anthurium andraeanum ‘Pink Lady’. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 86(4),
366-370.
Takahashi, T., Yoshii, M., Kawano, T., Kosaka, T., & Hosoya, H. (2005). A new approach for the assessment of acrylamide toxicity using a green paramecium. Toxicology in Vitro, 19, 99-105.
Tangkhavanich, B., Kobayashi, T., & Adachi, S. (2012). Properties of rice straw extract after subcritical water treatment. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 110983.
Venkateswara, R.J., Gunda, V.G., Srikanth, K., & Arepalli, S.K. (2007). Acute toxicity bioassay using Paramecium caudatum, a key member to study the effects of monocrotophos on swimming behaviour, morphology and reproduction. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 89, 307-17.
Wang, B., Dong, F., Chen, M., Zhu, J., Tan, J., Fu, X., Wang, Y., & Chen, S. (2016). Advances in recycling and utilization of agricultural wastes in China: Based on environmental risk, crucial pathways, influencing factors, policy mechanism. Procedia environmental sciences, 31, 12-17.
Weisse, T., Karstens, N., Meyer, V.C.L., Janke, L., Lettner, S., & Teichgräber, K. (2001). Niche separation in common prostome freshwater ciliates: the effect of food and temperature. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 26, 167-79.
Weisse, T., & Stadler P. (2006). Effect of pH on growth, cell volume, and production of freshwater ciliates, and implications for their distribution. Limnology and Oceanography, 51, 1708-15.
Zharkova, I.M., Safonova, Y.A., Grebenshchikov, A.V., Trufanova, Y.N., Kazimirova, Y.K., & Slepokurova, Y.I. (2021). Application of Paramecium caudatum for the assessment of energy costs for food raw materials and products digestibility. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 640(6), 062006 1-8.
Amanchi, N.R. (2010). A low cost microbiotest for screening behavioural and ecotoxicological responses of Paramecium caudatum and Oxytricha fallax to azadirachtin. Advances in Applied Science Research,
1, 124-31.
Amin, M., Bhatti, H. N., Zuber, M., Bhatti, I. A., & Asgher, M. (2014). Potential use of agricultural wastes for the production of lipase by Aspergillus melleus under solid state fermentation. J Anim Plant Sci, 24, 1430-7.
Arnaiz, O., Meyer, E., & Sperling, L. (2020). ParameciumDB 2019: integrating genomic data across the genus for functional and evolutionary biology. Nucleic acids research, 48(D1), D599-D605.
Baker, K.M., Utterback, P.L., Parsons, C.M. & Stein H.H. (2011). Nutritional value of soybean meal produced from conventional, high-protein, or low-oligosaccharide varieties of soybeans and fed to broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 90, 390-95.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72, 248-54.
Charubhun, B., & Charubhun, N. (2007). Protozoa in Inland waters. Bangkok: Kasetsart University press.
Cheah, W.Y., Show, P.L., Juan, J.C., Chang, J-S., & Ling, T.C. (2018). Enhancing biomass and lipid productions of microalgae in palm oil mill effluent using carbon and nutrient supplementation. Energy Conversion and Management, 164, 188-97.
Corp, IBM. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. New York.
Duncan, A.B., Fellous, S., Accot, R., Alart, M., Chantung Sobandi, K., Cosiaux, A., & Kaltz, O. (2010). Parasite -mediated protection against osmotic stress for Paramecium caudatum infected by Holospora undulata is host genotype specific. FEMS microbiology ecology, 74, 353-60.
Duncan, A.B., Fellous, S., Quillery, E., & Kaltz, O. (2011). Adaptation of Paramecium caudatum to variable conditions of temperature stress. Research in Microbiology, 162(9), 939-944.
Edmiston Jr, C.E., Goheen, M., Malaney, G.W., & Mills, W.L. (1985). Evaluation of carbamate toxicity: Acute toxicity in a culture of Paramecium multimicronucleatum upon exposure to aldicarb, carbaryl, and mexacarbate as measured by Warburg respirometry and acute plate assay. Environmental research, 36, 338-50.
Gabhane, J., William, S. P., Gadhe, A., Rath, R., Vaidya, A. N., & Wate, S. (2014). Pretreatment of banana agricultural waste for bio-ethanol production: individual and interactive effects of acid and alkali pretreatments with autoclaving, microwave heating and ultrasonication. Waste management, 34(2),
498-503.
Ghorbani Vaghei, R., Abolhasani, M.H., Ghorbani, R., & Matinfar, A. (2017). Production of soybean meal-based feed and its effect on growth performance of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in earthen pond. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 17, 578-86.
Heikkinen, J., Vielma, J., Kemiläinen, O., Tiirola, M., Eskelinen, P., Kiuru, T., Navia-Paldanius, D., & Von Wright, A. (2006). Effects of soybean meal based diet on growth performance, gut histopathology and intestinal microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 261, 259-68.
Hemmersbach, R., Bromeis, B., Block, I., Bräucker, R., Krause, M., Freiberger, N., Stieber, C., & Wilczek, M. (2001). Paramecium—A model system for studying cellular graviperception. Advances in Space Research, 27, 893-98.
Heydarnejad, M.S. (2008). Survival of Paramecium caudatum at various pH values and under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Pakistan journal of biological sciences, 11, 392.
Ibrahim, R.A. (2015). Tribological performance of polyester composites reinforced by agricultural wastes. Tribology International, 90, 463-466.
Karimi, E., Mehrabanjoubani, P., Keshavarzian, M., Oskoueian, E., Jaafar, H.Z., & Abdolzadeh, A. (2014). Identification and quantification of phenolic and flavonoid components in straw and seed husk of some rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) and their antioxidant properties. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94, 2324-30.
Krenek, S., Berendonk, T.U., & Petzoldt, T. (2011). Thermal performance curves of Paramecium caudatum: a model selection approach. European Journal of Protistology, 47, 124-37.
Krenek, S., Petzoldt, T., & Berendonk, T.U. (2012). Coping with Temperature at the Warm Edge – Patterns of Thermal Adaptation in the Microbial Eukaryote Paramecium caudatum. PLOS ONE, 7(3), e30598.
Lee, J.W. (1942). The effect of pH on food-vacuole formation in Paramecium. Physiological Zoology, 15, 459-65.
Li, H., Shi, A., Li, M., & Zhang, X. (2013). Effect of pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Flow Rate of Overlying Water on Heavy Metals Release from Storm Sewer Sediments. Journal of Chemistry, 2013, 434012.
Madoni, P. (2000). The acute toxicity of nickel to freshwater ciliates. Environmental Pollution, 109, 53-59.
Malhotra, A., & Coupland, J.N. (2004). The effect of surfactants on the solubility, zeta potential, and viscosity of soy protein isolates. Food Hydrocolloids, 18, 101-08.
Mansano, A. S., Moreira, R. A., Pierozzi, M., Oliveira, T. M., Vieira, E. M., Rocha, O., & Regali-Seleghim, M. H. (2016). Effects of diuron and carbofuran pesticides in their pure and commercial forms on Paramecium caudatum: The use of protozoan in ecotoxicology. Environmental pollution, 213, 160-172.
Miller, G.L. (1959). Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical chemistry, 31, 426-28.
Miyoshi, N., Kawano, T., Tanaka, M., Kadono, T., Kosaka, T., Kunimoto, M., Takahashi, T., & Hosoya, H. (2003). Use of Paramecium species in bioassays for environmental risk management: determination of IC50 values for water pollutants. Journal of health science, 49, 429-35.
Momayezi, M., Albrecht, P., Plattner, H., & Schmidt, H.J. (2004). Temperature-induced change of variant surface antigen expression in Paramecium involves antigen release into the culture medium with considerable delay between transcription and surface expression. Journal of membrane biology, 200, 15-23.
Mondal, M., Ghosh, A., Tiwari, O.N., Gayen, K., Das, P., Mandal, M.K., & Halder, G. (2017). Influence of carbon sources and light intensity on biomass and lipid production of Chlorella sorokiniana BTA 9031 isolated from coalfield under various nutritional modes. Energy Conversion and Management, 145, 247-54.
Mortuza, M.G., Takahashi, T., Ueki, T., Kosaka, T. Michibata, H., & Hosoya, H. (2009). Comparison of hexavalent chromium bioaccumulation in five strains of paramecium, Paramecium bursaria. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 3, 062-66.
Muhammad, I., Muhammad, N., Quratualain, S., & Shahjahan, B. (2012). Effect of medium composition on xylanase production by Bacillus subtilis using various agricultural wastes. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12(5), 561-565.
Piasecka, A., Krzemińska, I., & Tys, J. (2017). Enrichment of Parachlorella kessleri biomass with bioproducts: oil and protein by utilization of beet molasses. Journal of Applied Phycology, 29, 1735-43.
Prajer, M. 2005. Glucose, sorbitol and insulin as exogenous agents that monitor the interautogamous interval (IAI) in Paramecium primaurelia. Folia Biologica (Kraków), 53(3-4), 215-21.
Pryshliak, N., & Tokarchuk, D. (2020). Socio-economic and environmental benefits of biofuel production development from agricultural waste in Ukraine. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, 8(1),18-27.
Rouabhi, R., Berrebbah, H., & Djebar, M.R. (2006). Toxicity evaluation of flucycloxuron and diflubenzuron on the cellular model, Paramecium sp.. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 45-48.
Satlewal, A., Agrawal, R., Bhagia, S., Das, P., & Ragauskas, A.J. (2018). Rice straw as a feedstock for biofuels: availability, recalcitrance, and chemical properties. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 12, 83-107.
Suo, L.N., Sun, X.Y., & Li, S.Y. (2011). Use of organic agricultural wastes as growing media for the production of Anthurium andraeanum ‘Pink Lady’. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 86(4),
366-370.
Takahashi, T., Yoshii, M., Kawano, T., Kosaka, T., & Hosoya, H. (2005). A new approach for the assessment of acrylamide toxicity using a green paramecium. Toxicology in Vitro, 19, 99-105.
Tangkhavanich, B., Kobayashi, T., & Adachi, S. (2012). Properties of rice straw extract after subcritical water treatment. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 110983.
Venkateswara, R.J., Gunda, V.G., Srikanth, K., & Arepalli, S.K. (2007). Acute toxicity bioassay using Paramecium caudatum, a key member to study the effects of monocrotophos on swimming behaviour, morphology and reproduction. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 89, 307-17.
Wang, B., Dong, F., Chen, M., Zhu, J., Tan, J., Fu, X., Wang, Y., & Chen, S. (2016). Advances in recycling and utilization of agricultural wastes in China: Based on environmental risk, crucial pathways, influencing factors, policy mechanism. Procedia environmental sciences, 31, 12-17.
Weisse, T., Karstens, N., Meyer, V.C.L., Janke, L., Lettner, S., & Teichgräber, K. (2001). Niche separation in common prostome freshwater ciliates: the effect of food and temperature. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 26, 167-79.
Weisse, T., & Stadler P. (2006). Effect of pH on growth, cell volume, and production of freshwater ciliates, and implications for their distribution. Limnology and Oceanography, 51, 1708-15.
Zharkova, I.M., Safonova, Y.A., Grebenshchikov, A.V., Trufanova, Y.N., Kazimirova, Y.K., & Slepokurova, Y.I. (2021). Application of Paramecium caudatum for the assessment of energy costs for food raw materials and products digestibility. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 640(6), 062006 1-8.
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2022-01-24
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บทความวิจัย จากงานประชุมวิชาการระดับชาติ "วิทยาศาสตร์วิจัย ครั้งที่ 12"
