The Influence of El Nino on Sea Surface Temperature in the Upper Gulf of Thailand
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this research is to study the influence of El Nino on the sea surface temperature (SST) in the upper Gulf of Thailand (uGoT). The SST data in uGoT in this study were taken from satellite derived Terra-MODIS systems in 2010 – 2019 for comparison of data during El Nino and during moderate years. Our analyses involved map overlay method to investigate differences in the uGoT SST between those during El Nino events and those during moderate events. Comparison in each pixel of each study grid was done by using statistical paired sample t-test method at 0.05 significant level. The result showed that SST value during El Nino events were significantly higher than those during moderate events. However, SST values in areas adjacent to Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chanthaburi and Trad provinces are not significantly higher than moderate events. Therefore, influence of El Nino on SST in the UGoT except in area adjacent to Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chanthaburi and Trad provinces. Keywords : El Nino ; Sea Surface Temperature ; upper Gulf of ThailandReferences
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Buranapratheprat, A., Yanagi, T., & Sawangwong, P. (2002) Seasonal variations in circulation and salinity distributions in the upper Gulf of Thailand: Modeling approach. Journal of La Mer, 40: 147-155.
ESRI. (2011). ArcGIS version 10.0. 380 St., Redlands, CA, New York, USA. License No. : EFL530713138.
Glantz, M.H. (2001). Currents of Change : Impacts of El Nino and La Nina on Climate and Society. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
Ichiyanagi, K., & Yamanaka, MD. (2005). Interannual variation of stable isotopes in precipitation at Bangkok in response to El Nino Southern Oscillation. Hydrological Processes, 19: 3413-3423.
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Koad, P., Jaroensutasinee, M., & Jaroensutasinee, K. (2012) Sea surface temperature trends in the gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. 2012 Oceans - Yeosu, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS-Yeosu.2012.6263509.
Lorpittayakorn, P. (2015) Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Thailand from Model. Science and Technology Journal, 23(3), 446-465. (in Thai)
Lorpittayakorn, P., Tangtam, N., Tancharanukit, W., & Sojisuporn, P. (2011). Investigation of circulation patterns in the Gulf of Thailand in ENSO years. Science and Technology Journal, 19(4), 1-14. (in Thai)
NASA-Ocean Color. (2020). Modis Specification. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/
NASA-Ocean Color. (2020). The Official NASA/OB.DAAC Data Analysis Software.. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from http://seadas.gsfc.nasa.gov/
National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center. (2020). Cold & Warm Episodes by Season. Retrieved January 31, 2020, from https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php
Singhrattna, N., Rajagopalan, B., Krishna Kumar, K., & Clark, M. (2005). Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Thailand Summer Monsoon Season. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 18:1697-1708.
Stansfield, K., & Garrett, C. (1997) Implications of the salt and heat budgets of the Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Marine Research, 55: 935-963.
The International Research Institute for Climate and Society. (2007). Overview of the ENSO System. Retrieved January 14, 2014, from http://iri.columbia.edu/climate/ENSO/background/monitoring.html#sst
Yanagi, T., Suhendar I S., Yakao, T., & Fujiwara, S. (2001) Seasonal Variation of Stratification in the Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Oceanography, 57: 461-470.
Buranapratheprat, A., Yanagi, T., & Sawangwong, P. (2002) Seasonal variations in circulation and salinity distributions in the upper Gulf of Thailand: Modeling approach. Journal of La Mer, 40: 147-155.
ESRI. (2011). ArcGIS version 10.0. 380 St., Redlands, CA, New York, USA. License No. : EFL530713138.
Glantz, M.H. (2001). Currents of Change : Impacts of El Nino and La Nina on Climate and Society. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
Ichiyanagi, K., & Yamanaka, MD. (2005). Interannual variation of stable isotopes in precipitation at Bangkok in response to El Nino Southern Oscillation. Hydrological Processes, 19: 3413-3423.
International Business Machines Corporation. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 25.0. Armonk, New York, USA. License No. :f87f10a6da11689cf95.
Koad, P., Jaroensutasinee, M., & Jaroensutasinee, K. (2012) Sea surface temperature trends in the gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. 2012 Oceans - Yeosu, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS-Yeosu.2012.6263509.
Lorpittayakorn, P. (2015) Circulation patterns in the Gulf of Thailand from Model. Science and Technology Journal, 23(3), 446-465. (in Thai)
Lorpittayakorn, P., Tangtam, N., Tancharanukit, W., & Sojisuporn, P. (2011). Investigation of circulation patterns in the Gulf of Thailand in ENSO years. Science and Technology Journal, 19(4), 1-14. (in Thai)
NASA-Ocean Color. (2020). Modis Specification. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/
NASA-Ocean Color. (2020). The Official NASA/OB.DAAC Data Analysis Software.. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from http://seadas.gsfc.nasa.gov/
National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center. (2020). Cold & Warm Episodes by Season. Retrieved January 31, 2020, from https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php
Singhrattna, N., Rajagopalan, B., Krishna Kumar, K., & Clark, M. (2005). Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Thailand Summer Monsoon Season. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 18:1697-1708.
Stansfield, K., & Garrett, C. (1997) Implications of the salt and heat budgets of the Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Marine Research, 55: 935-963.
The International Research Institute for Climate and Society. (2007). Overview of the ENSO System. Retrieved January 14, 2014, from http://iri.columbia.edu/climate/ENSO/background/monitoring.html#sst
Yanagi, T., Suhendar I S., Yakao, T., & Fujiwara, S. (2001) Seasonal Variation of Stratification in the Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Oceanography, 57: 461-470.
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Published
2022-05-18
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