Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Blood Meal in Diet on Growth Performance for Nursing Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)
Abstract
This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fish meal with blood meal in practical diets for nursing of all-male red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Two sizes of fish with an initial weight of 0.98 g (S1 size) and 4.50 g (S2 size) were raised in 150-L glass tanks for 8 weeks. Four experimental diets were prepared which fish meal was replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of blood meal (diets BM0, BM5, BM10, and BM15, respectively). A blood meal-free diet (BM0) was used as a control group. All experimental diets were formulated to contain 32% protein and 8% lipid. The results of the present study showed that the growth and feed efficiency of S1-size fish fed with diets containing blood meal was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). S2-size fish in the BM5 and the control group had no significant differences (p>0.05) in growth performance, feed efficiency, and costs but were significantly higher than the BM10 and BM15 groups (p<0.05). Therefore, blood meal can replace fishmeal at a 5% replacement level in practical diets of red tilapia juveniles (S2) without affecting the growth and decreasing production costs up to 5%. Keywords : Red tilapia ; blood meal ; fish meal substitute ; nursingReferences
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Aliu, B. S., & Dako, M. Q. (2018). Effect of Fish Meal Replacement with Blood Meal on the Growth Response and Utilization of Hybrid (Clarias gariepinus♀ X Heterobranchus bidosarlis♂) Fingerlings. Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 1(3), 1-6.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (17th ed.). Madisoon, Wisconsin. USA.
Aziza, A., & El-Wahab, A. A. (2019). Impact of Partial Replacing of Dietary Fish Meal by Different Protein Sources on the Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Whole Body Composition. Journal of Applied Sciences, 19(5), 384-391.
Chanrat, B., Klanpan, K., Pankhieo, N., & Karaket, T. (2014). Utilization of Blood Meal as Fishmeal Protein Replacement Source in Diet for Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). Thai Journal of Animal Science, 1(1), 45-52. [in Thai]
Choudhary, H. R., Sharma, B. K., Uppadhyay, B., & Sharma, S. K. (2017). Effect of different protein levels on growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(3), 480-484.
Craig, S., Helfrich, L. A., Kuhn, D., & Schwarz, M. H. (2017). Understanding fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding. Virginia Cooperative Extension, 420-256, 1-6.
Daniel, N. (2018). A review on replacing fish meal in aqua feeds using plant protein sources. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(2), 164-179.
Department of Fisheries. (2020). Fisheries Development Policy and Planning Division. Fisheries Statistics of Thailand 2018. No. 10/2020. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from https://www4.fisheries.go.th/local/file_document/20201027103839_1_file.pdf
El-Husseiny, O. M., Hassan, M. I., El-Haroun, E. R., & Suloma, A. (2018). Utilization of poultry by-product meal supplemented with L-lysine as fish meal replacer in the diet of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 30(1), 63-75.
Gasco, L., Gai, F., Maricchiolo, G., Genovese, L., Ragonese, S., Bottari, T., & Caruso, G. (2018). Fishmeal alternative protein sources for aquaculture feeds. In Feeds for the aquaculture sector. (pp. 1-28). Cham: Springer.
Hamed, S. S., Jiddawi, N. S., & Bwathondi, P. O. (2017). Effects of blood meal as a substitute for fish meal in the culture of juvenile Silver Pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) in a circulating aquaculture system. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 16(1), 1-11.
Hatlen, B., Jakobsen, J. V., Crampton, V., Alm, M., Langmyhr, E., Espe, M., ... & Waagbø, R. (2015). Growth, feed utilization and endocrine responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets added poultry by‐product meal and blood meal in combination with poultry oil. Aquaculture nutrition, 21(5), 714-725.
Hussain, S. M., Afzal, M., Salim, M., Javid, A., Khichi, T. A. A., Hussain, M., & Raza, S. A. (2011). Apparent digestibility of fish meal, blood meal and meat meal for Labeo rohita fingerlings. The journal of animal and plant sciences, 21(2), 807-811.
Karaket, T., Seel-audom, M., Areechon, N. (2021). Analysis and Synthesis of Knowledge from Nile Tilapia Philosophers for Sustainable Culture in the Northern Thailand. Thai Science and Technology Journal, 29(3), In press. [in Thai]
Kirimi, J. G., Musalia, L. M., Magana, A., & Munguti, J. M. (2016). Performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing blood meal as a replacement of fish meal. Journal of Agricultural Science (Toronto), 8(8), 79-87.
Koch, J. F., Rawles, S. D., Webster, C. D., Cummins, V., Kobayashi, Y., Thompson, K. R., ... & Hyde, N. M. (2016). Optimizing fish meal-free commercial diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 452, 357-366.
Millamena, O. M. (2002). Replacement of fish meal by animal by-product meals in a practical diet for grow-out culture of grouper Epinephelus coioides. Aquaculture, 204(1-2), 75-84.
Nguyen, L., Salem, S. M., Salze, G. P., Dinh, H., & Davis, D. A. (2020). Optimizing amino acid balance in diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 515, 734566.
Nogueira, N., Cordeiro, N., Andrade, C., & Aires, T. (2012). Inclusion of low levels of blood and feathermeal in practical diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(3), 641-650.
Ogello, E. O., Munguti, J. M., Sakakura, Y., & Hagiwara, A. (2014). Complete replacement of fish meal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) grow-out with alternative protein sources. A review. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2(8), 962-978.
Oliva-Teles, A., Enes, P., & Peres, H. (2015). Replacing fishmeal and fish oil in industrial aquafeeds for carnivorous fish. In Feed and feeding practices in aquaculture. (pp. 203-233). Portugal: Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition.
R Core Team. (2016). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Shepherd, C. J., & Jackson, A. J. (2013). Global fishmeal and fish‐oil supply: inputs, outputs and marketsa. Journal of Fish Biology, 83(4), 1046-1066.
Thai Feed Mill Association. (2021). Price. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from http://www.thaifeedmill.com/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2Price/tabid/78/Default.aspx
Aliu, B. S., & Dako, M. Q. (2018). Effect of Fish Meal Replacement with Blood Meal on the Growth Response and Utilization of Hybrid (Clarias gariepinus♀ X Heterobranchus bidosarlis♂) Fingerlings. Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 1(3), 1-6.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (17th ed.). Madisoon, Wisconsin. USA.
Aziza, A., & El-Wahab, A. A. (2019). Impact of Partial Replacing of Dietary Fish Meal by Different Protein Sources on the Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Whole Body Composition. Journal of Applied Sciences, 19(5), 384-391.
Chanrat, B., Klanpan, K., Pankhieo, N., & Karaket, T. (2014). Utilization of Blood Meal as Fishmeal Protein Replacement Source in Diet for Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). Thai Journal of Animal Science, 1(1), 45-52. [in Thai]
Choudhary, H. R., Sharma, B. K., Uppadhyay, B., & Sharma, S. K. (2017). Effect of different protein levels on growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(3), 480-484.
Craig, S., Helfrich, L. A., Kuhn, D., & Schwarz, M. H. (2017). Understanding fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding. Virginia Cooperative Extension, 420-256, 1-6.
Daniel, N. (2018). A review on replacing fish meal in aqua feeds using plant protein sources. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(2), 164-179.
Department of Fisheries. (2020). Fisheries Development Policy and Planning Division. Fisheries Statistics of Thailand 2018. No. 10/2020. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from https://www4.fisheries.go.th/local/file_document/20201027103839_1_file.pdf
El-Husseiny, O. M., Hassan, M. I., El-Haroun, E. R., & Suloma, A. (2018). Utilization of poultry by-product meal supplemented with L-lysine as fish meal replacer in the diet of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 30(1), 63-75.
Gasco, L., Gai, F., Maricchiolo, G., Genovese, L., Ragonese, S., Bottari, T., & Caruso, G. (2018). Fishmeal alternative protein sources for aquaculture feeds. In Feeds for the aquaculture sector. (pp. 1-28). Cham: Springer.
Hamed, S. S., Jiddawi, N. S., & Bwathondi, P. O. (2017). Effects of blood meal as a substitute for fish meal in the culture of juvenile Silver Pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) in a circulating aquaculture system. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 16(1), 1-11.
Hatlen, B., Jakobsen, J. V., Crampton, V., Alm, M., Langmyhr, E., Espe, M., ... & Waagbø, R. (2015). Growth, feed utilization and endocrine responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets added poultry by‐product meal and blood meal in combination with poultry oil. Aquaculture nutrition, 21(5), 714-725.
Hussain, S. M., Afzal, M., Salim, M., Javid, A., Khichi, T. A. A., Hussain, M., & Raza, S. A. (2011). Apparent digestibility of fish meal, blood meal and meat meal for Labeo rohita fingerlings. The journal of animal and plant sciences, 21(2), 807-811.
Karaket, T., Seel-audom, M., Areechon, N. (2021). Analysis and Synthesis of Knowledge from Nile Tilapia Philosophers for Sustainable Culture in the Northern Thailand. Thai Science and Technology Journal, 29(3), In press. [in Thai]
Kirimi, J. G., Musalia, L. M., Magana, A., & Munguti, J. M. (2016). Performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing blood meal as a replacement of fish meal. Journal of Agricultural Science (Toronto), 8(8), 79-87.
Koch, J. F., Rawles, S. D., Webster, C. D., Cummins, V., Kobayashi, Y., Thompson, K. R., ... & Hyde, N. M. (2016). Optimizing fish meal-free commercial diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 452, 357-366.
Millamena, O. M. (2002). Replacement of fish meal by animal by-product meals in a practical diet for grow-out culture of grouper Epinephelus coioides. Aquaculture, 204(1-2), 75-84.
Nguyen, L., Salem, S. M., Salze, G. P., Dinh, H., & Davis, D. A. (2020). Optimizing amino acid balance in diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 515, 734566.
Nogueira, N., Cordeiro, N., Andrade, C., & Aires, T. (2012). Inclusion of low levels of blood and feathermeal in practical diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(3), 641-650.
Ogello, E. O., Munguti, J. M., Sakakura, Y., & Hagiwara, A. (2014). Complete replacement of fish meal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) grow-out with alternative protein sources. A review. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2(8), 962-978.
Oliva-Teles, A., Enes, P., & Peres, H. (2015). Replacing fishmeal and fish oil in industrial aquafeeds for carnivorous fish. In Feed and feeding practices in aquaculture. (pp. 203-233). Portugal: Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition.
R Core Team. (2016). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Shepherd, C. J., & Jackson, A. J. (2013). Global fishmeal and fish‐oil supply: inputs, outputs and marketsa. Journal of Fish Biology, 83(4), 1046-1066.
Thai Feed Mill Association. (2021). Price. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from http://www.thaifeedmill.com/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2Price/tabid/78/Default.aspx
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2022-05-18
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