Removal of Crystal Violet Dye in Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Adsorbents Derived from Peanut Shells
Abstract
Batch experiments were carried out to study the adsorption of crystal violet onto the adsorbents derived from acid-treated peanut shells (APS) and untreated peanut shells (UPS), at the initial dye concentrations of 10.7 – 15.4 mM and the temperatures of 27 – 47 oC, with the adsorbent dosage being kept at 1.2 g L-1. Under all conditions attempted, the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 35 minutes of the contact time. Acid treatment significantly promoted the dye removal efficiency of the adsorbent. The maximum dye removal percentages were 96.37% and 99.96% for UPS and APS, respectively. All kinetic data for the adsorption fit well to the pseudo-second-order equation. The activation energies for the adsorption onto UPS and APS were 21.04 and 25.35 kJ mol-1, respectively. The relationship between the adsorption quantity and the dye concentration at equilibrium followed the Langmuir isotherm for the monolayer adsorption. According to the thermodynamic analysis based on the van 't Hoff equation, the enthalpies of adsorption onto UPS and APS were 14.8 kJ mol-1 (endothermic type) and -22.4 kJ mol-1 (exothermic type), respectively. As the Gibbs energies of adsorption were all negative, the adsorption process could spontaneously take place when the dye solution was in contact with the adsorbent. Keywords : adsorption ; dye ; crystal violet ; thermodynamics ; kineticsReferences
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Gong, R., LI, M., Yang, C., Sun, Y., & Chen, J. (2005). Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution by adsorption on peanut hull. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 121, 247-250.
Hameed, B. H., & Tan, I. A. W. (2010). Nitric acid-treated bamboo waste as low-cost adsorbent for removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution. Desalination and Water Treatment, 21, 357-363.
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Nazifa, T. H., Habba, N., Salmiati, Aris, A., & Hadibarata, T. (2017). Adsorption of procion red MX-5B and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solution onto corncob activated carbon. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 65(2), 259-270.
Obasi, H. C. (2015). Peanut husk filled polyethylene composites: Effects of filler content and compatibilizer on properties. Journal of Polymers, 2015, 1-9.
Patel, H., & Vashi, R. T. (2010). Adsorption of crystal violet dye onto tamarind seed powder. E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(3), 975–984.
Porkodi, K., & Vasanth Kumar, K. (2007). Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism modeling and simulation of basic and acid dyes sorption onto jute fiber carbon: eosin yellow, malachite green and crystal violet single component systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143(1-2), 311-327.
Saeed, A., Sharif, M., & Iqbal, M. (2010). Application potential of grapefruit peel as dye sorbent: kinetics, equilibrium and mechanism of crystal violet adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179(1-3), 564-572.
Saha, P. D., Chakraborty, S., & Chowdhury, S. (2012). Batch and continuous (fixed-bed column) biosorption of crystal violet by Artocarpus Heterophyllus (jackfruit) leaf powder. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 92, 262-270.
Senthilkumaar, S., Kalaamani, P., & Subburaam, C. (2006). Liquid phase adsorption of crystal violet onto activated carbons derived from male flowers of coconut tree. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136(3), 800-808.
Wang, X. S., Liu, X., Wen, L., Zhou, Y., Jiang, Y., & Li, Z. (2008). Comparison of basic dye crystal violet removal from aqueous solution by low-cost biosorbents. Separation Science and Technology, 43(14), 3712-3731.
Yagub, M.T., Sen, T.K., Afroze, S., & Ang, H.M. (2014). Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: a review, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 209, 172–184.
Zhang, J. X., & Ou, L. L. (2013). Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of crystal violet by activated carbon from peanut shells. Water Science and Technology, 67(4), 737–744.
Aljeboree, A. M., Alkaim, A. F., & Al-Dujaili, A. H. (2014). Adsorption isotherm, kinetic modeling and thermodynamics of crystal violet dye on coconut husk-based activated carbon. Desalination and Water Treatment, 53(13), 3656-3667.
Annadurai, G., Juang, R., & Lee, D. (2002). Use of cellulose-based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 92(3), 263-274.
Chakraborty, S., Chowdhury, S., & Saha, P. D. (2011). Adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution onto NaOH- modified rice husk. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86(4), 1533-1541.
Chakraborty, S., Chowdhury, S., & Saha, P. D. (2012). Adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution onto sugarcane bagasse: central composite design for optimization of process variables. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 2(1), 55-65.
Chowdhury, S., Chakraborty, S., & Saha, P. D. (2013). Adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution by citric acid modified rice straw: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Separation Science and Technology, 48(9), 1339-1348.
Dai, Y., Zhang, D., & Zhang, K. (2016). Nitrobenzene-adsorption capacity of NaOH-modified spent coffee ground from aqueous solution, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 68, 232-238.
Danish, M., Ahmad, T., Hashim, R., Hafiz, M. R., Ghazali, A., Sulaiman, O., & Hiziroglu, S. (2015). Characterization and adsorption kinetic study of surfactant treated oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(20), 9474-9487.
El-Sayed, G. O. (2011). Removal of methylene blue and crystal violet from aqueous solutions by palm kernel fiber. Desalination, 272, 225–232.
Goksu, Ali, & Tanaydin, M. K. (2017). Adsorption of hazardous crystal violet dye by almond shells and determination of optimum process conditions by Taguchi method. Desalination and Water Treatment, 88, 189-199.
Gong, R., LI, M., Yang, C., Sun, Y., & Chen, J. (2005). Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution by adsorption on peanut hull. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 121, 247-250.
Hameed, B. H., & Tan, I. A. W. (2010). Nitric acid-treated bamboo waste as low-cost adsorbent for removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution. Desalination and Water Treatment, 21, 357-363.
Hirata, M., Kawasaki, N., Nakamura, T., Matsumoto, K., Kabayama, M., Tamura, T., & Tanada, S. (2002). Adsorption of dyes onto carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds by microwave treatment. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 254(1), 17-22.
Itodo, A., Itodo, H., & Gafar, M. (2011). Estimation of specific surface area using Langmuir isotherm method. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 14(4), 141-145.
Kulkarni, M. R., Revanth, T., Acharya, A., & Bhat, P. (2017). Removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution using water hyacinth: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study. Resource-Efficient Technologies, 3(1), 71-77.
Lian, L., Guo, L., Guo, C. (2009). Adsorption of Congo red from aqueous solutions onto Ca–bentonite, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161(1), 126-131.
Machado, F. M., Bergmann, C. P., Fernandes, T. H. M., Lima, E.C., Royer, B., Calvete, T., & Fagan, S.B. (2011). Adsorption of reactive red M-2BE dye from water solutions by multi-walled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 19, 1122-1131.
Mashkoor, F., Nasar, A., Inamuddin, & Asiri, A. M. (2018). Exploring the reusability of synthetically contaminated wastewater containing crystal violet dye using tectona grandis sawdust as a very low-cost adsorbent. Scientific Reports, 8, 1-16.
Martin, C., Alriksson, B., Sjöde, A., Nilvebrant, N.-O., & Jönsson, L. J. (2007). Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of agricultural and agro-industrial residues for ethanol production. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 137-140(1-12), 339-352.
Mohammadabadi, S. I., & Javanbakht, V. (2020). Ultrasonic assisted hydrolysis of barley straw biowastes into construction of a novel hemicellulose-based adsorbent and its adsorption properties for lead ions from aqueous solutions. Renewable Energy, 161, 893-906.
Mohanty, K., Naidu, J. T., Meikap, B. C., & Biswas, M. N. (2006). Removal of crystal violet from wastewater by activated carbons prepared from rice husk. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45(14), 5165-5171.
Nazifa, T. H., Habba, N., Salmiati, Aris, A., & Hadibarata, T. (2017). Adsorption of procion red MX-5B and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solution onto corncob activated carbon. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 65(2), 259-270.
Obasi, H. C. (2015). Peanut husk filled polyethylene composites: Effects of filler content and compatibilizer on properties. Journal of Polymers, 2015, 1-9.
Patel, H., & Vashi, R. T. (2010). Adsorption of crystal violet dye onto tamarind seed powder. E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(3), 975–984.
Porkodi, K., & Vasanth Kumar, K. (2007). Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism modeling and simulation of basic and acid dyes sorption onto jute fiber carbon: eosin yellow, malachite green and crystal violet single component systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143(1-2), 311-327.
Saeed, A., Sharif, M., & Iqbal, M. (2010). Application potential of grapefruit peel as dye sorbent: kinetics, equilibrium and mechanism of crystal violet adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179(1-3), 564-572.
Saha, P. D., Chakraborty, S., & Chowdhury, S. (2012). Batch and continuous (fixed-bed column) biosorption of crystal violet by Artocarpus Heterophyllus (jackfruit) leaf powder. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 92, 262-270.
Senthilkumaar, S., Kalaamani, P., & Subburaam, C. (2006). Liquid phase adsorption of crystal violet onto activated carbons derived from male flowers of coconut tree. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136(3), 800-808.
Wang, X. S., Liu, X., Wen, L., Zhou, Y., Jiang, Y., & Li, Z. (2008). Comparison of basic dye crystal violet removal from aqueous solution by low-cost biosorbents. Separation Science and Technology, 43(14), 3712-3731.
Yagub, M.T., Sen, T.K., Afroze, S., & Ang, H.M. (2014). Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: a review, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 209, 172–184.
Zhang, J. X., & Ou, L. L. (2013). Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of crystal violet by activated carbon from peanut shells. Water Science and Technology, 67(4), 737–744.
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2022-01-18
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