Using Macrobenthic Fauna as Bio-Indicator for Assessment of the Organic Pollution at Koh Yo, Songkhla Province
Abstract
Koh Yo is an important aquacultures and fisheries area of Thailand and has surrounded increasing human activities. Consequently, most of waste from the activities was drained into Songkhla Lake. The aim of this study is to investigate macrobenthic fauna and environmental factors for assessment of organic pollution at Koh Yo. The sample were collected in February 2019 at three areas, including Ban Ao Sai (station A), Mangrove (station M) and Wat Tai Yo (station T). In each area, sample were collected at five stations from nearshore to offshore at a distance of 0, 100, 300, 600 and 1,200 meters. The cluster analysis of environmental factors among all stations showed high similarities (92.44% – 97.34%). Macrobenthic fauna consisted of 3 phyla 34 species with the average abundance of 3,099±63 ind/m2. Ban Ao Sai has the highest diversity and abundance (30 species, H’= 2.6, 3,849±88 ind/m2) followed by Mangrove (23 species, H’= 2.2, 3,084±296 ind/m2), and Wat Tai Yo, showed the lowest diversity and abundance (15 species, H’= 2.1, 2,363±139 ind/m2). Tanaidacean Ctenapseudes sapensis was the dominant species and had the highest density in all stations. The cluster analysis of macrobenthic fauna among all stations revealed low to moderate similarities in range of 26.13% – 74.65%. The canonical correspondence analysis revealed that sediment had more effected on distribution of macrobenthic fauna compared to water quality. The result of the AMBI (AZTI's Marine Biotic Index) in each station indicated that Koh Yo was under slightly polluted condition (BC= 2.0 – 2.5). Moreover, Ban Ao Sai at a distance 300 meters, the area of fish cages and homestays showed the highest Biotic Coefficient (BC=3.4), which is indicated meanly polluted condition. Keywords : Macrobenthic fauna ; Environmental factors ; pollution ; Songkhla lake ; Bioindicator indexReferences
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Angsupanich, S. & Kuwabara, R. (1995). Macrobenthic fauna in Thale Sap Sonkhla, a brackish lake in southern Thailand. Lake and Reservoirs: Research and Management, (1), 115–125.
Angsupanich, S. & Kuwabara, R. (1999). Distribution of macrobenthic fauna in Phawong and U-Taphao canals flowing into a lagoonal lake, Songkhla, Thailand. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management, 4, 1–13.
Angsupanich, S., & Rodcharoen, E. (2012). Macrobenthic Crustacean: Ostracod, Amphipod, Isopod, and Tanaidacea in Songkhla Lagoon. (1). Bangkok: Office of the National Research Council of Thailand. (in Thai)
Angsupanich, S. & Siripech, A. (2001). Role and distribution of the dominant benthic fauna, Apseudes sapensis Chilton 1926 (Crustacean: Tanaidacea) in Songkhla Lake, southern Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 23(4), 515–525. (in Thai)
Angsupanich, S., Somsak, S., & Phrommoon, J. (2005). Stomach contents of the catfishes Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus, 1758) and Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792) in the Songkhla Lake. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 27(1), 391–402. (in Thai)
APHA, AWWA & WEF. (1998). Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (20). Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
Ariyama, H., Angsupanich, S. & Rodcharoen, E. (2010). Two new species of the genus Kamaka (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Kamakidae) from Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 2404(1), 55–68.
Bertness, M.D., Gaines. S.D. & Hay, M.E. (2001). Marine Community Ecology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. USA.
Borja, A., Franco, J. & Perez, V. (2000). A marine biotic index to establish the ecological quality of soft-bottom benthos within European estuarine and coastal environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40(12), 1100–1114.
Carpenter, E.K. & Niem, H.V. (1998). Bivalves and Gastropods. In Carpenter, E.K. & Niem, H.V. (Eds.), The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. (pp. 123–646). New York: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Castro, P. & Huber, M.E. (2016). Introduction to marine biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Chatzinikolaou, E., Mandalakis, M., Damianidis, P., Dailianis, T., Gambineri, S., Rossano, C., Scapini, F., Carucci, A. & Arvanitidis, C. (2018). Spatio-temporal benthic biodiversity patterns and pollution pressure in three Mediterranean touristic ports. Science of the Total Environment, 624, 648–660.
Chiarelli, R. & Roccheri, M. (2014). Marine Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution. Open Journal of Metal, 4(4), 93–106.
Cummins, K.W., Merrit, R.W. & Priscila, A.C.N. (2005). The use of invertebrate functional group to characterize ecosystem attributes in selected stream and rivers in South Brazil. Studies on Neotropical and Funa and Environment, 40(1), 69–89.
Gee, G.W. & Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. In method of soil analysis part 1, physical and mineralogical method. In Klute, A.E. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy-Soil Science Society of America.
Giberto, D. A., Bremec, C.S., Acha, E.M. & Mianzan, H. (2004). Large-scale spatial patterns of benthic assemblages in the SW Atlantic: the Rio de la Plata estuary and adjacent shelf waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 61(1), 1–13.
Grall, J. & Glémarec, M. (1 9 9 7). Using Biotic Indices to Estimate Macrobenthic Community Perturbations in the Bay of Brest. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44(1), 43–53.
Gray, J.S. & Elliot, M. (2010). Ecology of marine sediments: from science to management. (2). New York: Oxford University Press.
Govindan, K. (2002). Marine benthos – a future perspective. In Proceeding of the national seminar on creeks, estuaries and mangroves – pollution and conservation 2002 Thane. (pp. 28–30). India: Bandodkav College of Science.
Grémare, A., Medernach,L., DeBovee, F., Amouroux, J.M., Charles, F., Dinet, A., Vetion, G., Albert, P. & Colomines, J.C. (2013). Relationship between sedimentary organic matter and benthic fauna within the Gulf of Lion: Synthesis on the identification of new biochemical descriptors of sedimentary organic nutritional value. Oceanologica Acta, 26(4), 391–406.
Hyland, J., Karakassis, I., Magni, P., Petrov, A. & Shine, J. (2000). Summary Report: Results of initial planning meeting of the United Nations Educational. France: Scientific and Cultural organization (UNESCO).
Kimmerer, W.J. (2006). Response of anchovies dampens effects of the invasive bivalve Corbula amurensis on the San Francisco Estuary food web. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 324, 207–218.
La-ongsiriwong, N. (2001). Macrobenthic Community in the Outer Part of Songkhla lake. National Institute of Coastal, Aquaculture Department of Fisheries, Songkhla province. (2), 36 pp. (in Thai)
Lloret, J. & Marine, A. (2011). The contribution of benthic macrofauna to the nutrient filter in coastal lagoons. Murcia University, Spain. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 2732–2740.
Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K., & Berg, M.B. (2009). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 4thed. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 28(1), 266–267.
Mutlu, E. & Ergev, B.M. (2012). Distribution of soft-bottom mollusks (Mollusca) in Mersin Bay (eastern Mediterranean Sea). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36(4), 430–446.
Nelson, D.W. & Sommers, L.E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. & Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. (pp. 539–579). Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy.
Neves, R.A.F., Echeverria, C.A., Pessoa, L.A., Paiva, P.C., Paranhos R. & Valentin, J.L. (2012). Factors influencing spatial patterns of molluscs in a eutrophic tropical bay. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(3), 577–589.
Nkwoji, J.A., Igbo, J.K., Adeleye, A.O., Obienu, J.A. & Tony-Obiagwu, M.J. (2010). Implications of bioindicators in ecological health: study of a coastal lagoon, 53 Lagos, Nigeria. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(4), 683–689.
Nootcharoen, D. (2009). Polychaetes in organic-enriched condition in Pak Phanang bay, Nakhon Si Thammarat province. M.S. Thesis. Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Paganini, A., Kimmerer, J. W. & Stillman, H. J. (2010). Metabolic responses to environmental salinity in the invasive clam Corbula amurensis. Aquatic Biology, 11, 139–147.
Paibulkichakul, C., Sriklai, J., Ngernlor, T., Chimplee, S., Putchakarn, S., & Paibulkichakul, B. (2008). Variation of benthic fauna community in mangrove forest at Nong-Sanamchai, Chanthaburi Province. In Proceedings of 46th Kasetsart University Conference. (pp. 501–508). Kasetsart University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Phuttapreecha, R. (2009). Macrobenthic fauna communities in human activity areas in the outer Songkhla lake. M.S. Thesis. Prince of Songkla University. (in Thai)
Pollution Control Department. (2014). Coastal water quality standards. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Poonapa-amporn, C., Thaipichitburapa, P. & Meksumpun, C. (2019). Diversity of benthos in Trat bay, Trat province. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 47(1), 1195–1200. (in Thai)
Predalumpaburt, Y. & La-ongsiriwong, N. (1997). Variations and Relationship Between Sediment Qualities and Macrobenthos in Songkhla Lake. Technical paper, (3), 1–37. (in Thai)
Priawandiputra, W., Nasution, D.J. & Prawasti, T.S. (2017). Comparison of Freshwater Mollusc Assemblages between Dry and Rainy Season in Situ Gede System, Bogor, Indonesia. In The 3rd International Seminar On Sciences "Sciences On Precision And Sustainable Agriculture" (ISS-2016) 4 November 2016, Bogor, Indonesia. (pp. 1–9). Indonesia: IOP Publishing Ltd.
Rattanama, K., Gomalanon, P., Wongkamhaeng, K. & Boonyanusith, C. (2015). Species Diversity and Distribution of Gammarid Amphipod in Pristine and Aquacultural Areas of Outer Songkhla Lake. KMUTT Research and Development Journal, 38(4), 383–392. (in Thai)
Rodcharoen, E. (2009). Macrobenthic Fauna Communities at Ko Nu, Songkhla province. M.S. Thesis. Prince of Songkla University. (in Thai)
Ruangnu, K. (2000). Effects of Sea Bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) Farming on the Macrobenthos Diversity at Ban Lang Tha Sao, the Lower Songkhla Lake. M.S. Thesis. Prince of Songkla University. (in Thai)
Sa-ah, S., Kuakram, W. & Jantarat, P. (2017). The study of natural food in the stomach of spotted catfish from the local fishery community in Thasaan village, Phawong subdistrict, Muang district, Songkhla province. Journal of Fishery Technology Research, 11(2), 83–97. (in Thai)
Sampantarak, U., Kongchouy, N. & Angsupanich, S. (2011). Regression-based modeling of environmental factors affecting macrobenthic fauna in middle Songkhla Lake, Thailand. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 38(3), 412–429.
Sri-aroon, P., Lohachit, C. & Harada, M. (2004). Survey of brackish-water snails in Eastern Thailand. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 35(1), 150–155.
Taggliapietra, D. & Sigorini, M. (2010). Benthic fauna: Collection and identification of macrobenthic invertebrates. Terre et Environnement. 88, 253–261.
Talman, G.S. & Keough, J.M. (2001). Impact of an exotic clam, Corbula gibba, on the commercial scallop Pecten fumatus in Port Phillip Bay, south-east Australia: evidence of resource restricted growth in a subtidal environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 221, 135–143.
Wang, Z. (2019). Responses of macrobenthic communities to pollution control and fisheries management measures in Hong Kong. Ph.D. Thesis. Hong Kong Baptist University.
Angsupanich, S. & Kuwabara, R. (1995). Macrobenthic fauna in Thale Sap Sonkhla, a brackish lake in southern Thailand. Lake and Reservoirs: Research and Management, (1), 115–125.
Angsupanich, S. & Kuwabara, R. (1999). Distribution of macrobenthic fauna in Phawong and U-Taphao canals flowing into a lagoonal lake, Songkhla, Thailand. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management, 4, 1–13.
Angsupanich, S., & Rodcharoen, E. (2012). Macrobenthic Crustacean: Ostracod, Amphipod, Isopod, and Tanaidacea in Songkhla Lagoon. (1). Bangkok: Office of the National Research Council of Thailand. (in Thai)
Angsupanich, S. & Siripech, A. (2001). Role and distribution of the dominant benthic fauna, Apseudes sapensis Chilton 1926 (Crustacean: Tanaidacea) in Songkhla Lake, southern Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 23(4), 515–525. (in Thai)
Angsupanich, S., Somsak, S., & Phrommoon, J. (2005). Stomach contents of the catfishes Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus, 1758) and Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792) in the Songkhla Lake. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 27(1), 391–402. (in Thai)
APHA, AWWA & WEF. (1998). Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (20). Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
Ariyama, H., Angsupanich, S. & Rodcharoen, E. (2010). Two new species of the genus Kamaka (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Kamakidae) from Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 2404(1), 55–68.
Bertness, M.D., Gaines. S.D. & Hay, M.E. (2001). Marine Community Ecology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. USA.
Borja, A., Franco, J. & Perez, V. (2000). A marine biotic index to establish the ecological quality of soft-bottom benthos within European estuarine and coastal environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40(12), 1100–1114.
Carpenter, E.K. & Niem, H.V. (1998). Bivalves and Gastropods. In Carpenter, E.K. & Niem, H.V. (Eds.), The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. (pp. 123–646). New York: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Castro, P. & Huber, M.E. (2016). Introduction to marine biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Chatzinikolaou, E., Mandalakis, M., Damianidis, P., Dailianis, T., Gambineri, S., Rossano, C., Scapini, F., Carucci, A. & Arvanitidis, C. (2018). Spatio-temporal benthic biodiversity patterns and pollution pressure in three Mediterranean touristic ports. Science of the Total Environment, 624, 648–660.
Chiarelli, R. & Roccheri, M. (2014). Marine Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution. Open Journal of Metal, 4(4), 93–106.
Cummins, K.W., Merrit, R.W. & Priscila, A.C.N. (2005). The use of invertebrate functional group to characterize ecosystem attributes in selected stream and rivers in South Brazil. Studies on Neotropical and Funa and Environment, 40(1), 69–89.
Gee, G.W. & Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. In method of soil analysis part 1, physical and mineralogical method. In Klute, A.E. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy-Soil Science Society of America.
Giberto, D. A., Bremec, C.S., Acha, E.M. & Mianzan, H. (2004). Large-scale spatial patterns of benthic assemblages in the SW Atlantic: the Rio de la Plata estuary and adjacent shelf waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 61(1), 1–13.
Grall, J. & Glémarec, M. (1 9 9 7). Using Biotic Indices to Estimate Macrobenthic Community Perturbations in the Bay of Brest. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44(1), 43–53.
Gray, J.S. & Elliot, M. (2010). Ecology of marine sediments: from science to management. (2). New York: Oxford University Press.
Govindan, K. (2002). Marine benthos – a future perspective. In Proceeding of the national seminar on creeks, estuaries and mangroves – pollution and conservation 2002 Thane. (pp. 28–30). India: Bandodkav College of Science.
Grémare, A., Medernach,L., DeBovee, F., Amouroux, J.M., Charles, F., Dinet, A., Vetion, G., Albert, P. & Colomines, J.C. (2013). Relationship between sedimentary organic matter and benthic fauna within the Gulf of Lion: Synthesis on the identification of new biochemical descriptors of sedimentary organic nutritional value. Oceanologica Acta, 26(4), 391–406.
Hyland, J., Karakassis, I., Magni, P., Petrov, A. & Shine, J. (2000). Summary Report: Results of initial planning meeting of the United Nations Educational. France: Scientific and Cultural organization (UNESCO).
Kimmerer, W.J. (2006). Response of anchovies dampens effects of the invasive bivalve Corbula amurensis on the San Francisco Estuary food web. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 324, 207–218.
La-ongsiriwong, N. (2001). Macrobenthic Community in the Outer Part of Songkhla lake. National Institute of Coastal, Aquaculture Department of Fisheries, Songkhla province. (2), 36 pp. (in Thai)
Lloret, J. & Marine, A. (2011). The contribution of benthic macrofauna to the nutrient filter in coastal lagoons. Murcia University, Spain. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 2732–2740.
Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K., & Berg, M.B. (2009). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 4thed. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 28(1), 266–267.
Mutlu, E. & Ergev, B.M. (2012). Distribution of soft-bottom mollusks (Mollusca) in Mersin Bay (eastern Mediterranean Sea). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36(4), 430–446.
Nelson, D.W. & Sommers, L.E. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. & Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. (pp. 539–579). Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy.
Neves, R.A.F., Echeverria, C.A., Pessoa, L.A., Paiva, P.C., Paranhos R. & Valentin, J.L. (2012). Factors influencing spatial patterns of molluscs in a eutrophic tropical bay. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(3), 577–589.
Nkwoji, J.A., Igbo, J.K., Adeleye, A.O., Obienu, J.A. & Tony-Obiagwu, M.J. (2010). Implications of bioindicators in ecological health: study of a coastal lagoon, 53 Lagos, Nigeria. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(4), 683–689.
Nootcharoen, D. (2009). Polychaetes in organic-enriched condition in Pak Phanang bay, Nakhon Si Thammarat province. M.S. Thesis. Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Paganini, A., Kimmerer, J. W. & Stillman, H. J. (2010). Metabolic responses to environmental salinity in the invasive clam Corbula amurensis. Aquatic Biology, 11, 139–147.
Paibulkichakul, C., Sriklai, J., Ngernlor, T., Chimplee, S., Putchakarn, S., & Paibulkichakul, B. (2008). Variation of benthic fauna community in mangrove forest at Nong-Sanamchai, Chanthaburi Province. In Proceedings of 46th Kasetsart University Conference. (pp. 501–508). Kasetsart University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Phuttapreecha, R. (2009). Macrobenthic fauna communities in human activity areas in the outer Songkhla lake. M.S. Thesis. Prince of Songkla University. (in Thai)
Pollution Control Department. (2014). Coastal water quality standards. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Poonapa-amporn, C., Thaipichitburapa, P. & Meksumpun, C. (2019). Diversity of benthos in Trat bay, Trat province. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 47(1), 1195–1200. (in Thai)
Predalumpaburt, Y. & La-ongsiriwong, N. (1997). Variations and Relationship Between Sediment Qualities and Macrobenthos in Songkhla Lake. Technical paper, (3), 1–37. (in Thai)
Priawandiputra, W., Nasution, D.J. & Prawasti, T.S. (2017). Comparison of Freshwater Mollusc Assemblages between Dry and Rainy Season in Situ Gede System, Bogor, Indonesia. In The 3rd International Seminar On Sciences "Sciences On Precision And Sustainable Agriculture" (ISS-2016) 4 November 2016, Bogor, Indonesia. (pp. 1–9). Indonesia: IOP Publishing Ltd.
Rattanama, K., Gomalanon, P., Wongkamhaeng, K. & Boonyanusith, C. (2015). Species Diversity and Distribution of Gammarid Amphipod in Pristine and Aquacultural Areas of Outer Songkhla Lake. KMUTT Research and Development Journal, 38(4), 383–392. (in Thai)
Rodcharoen, E. (2009). Macrobenthic Fauna Communities at Ko Nu, Songkhla province. M.S. Thesis. Prince of Songkla University. (in Thai)
Ruangnu, K. (2000). Effects of Sea Bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) Farming on the Macrobenthos Diversity at Ban Lang Tha Sao, the Lower Songkhla Lake. M.S. Thesis. Prince of Songkla University. (in Thai)
Sa-ah, S., Kuakram, W. & Jantarat, P. (2017). The study of natural food in the stomach of spotted catfish from the local fishery community in Thasaan village, Phawong subdistrict, Muang district, Songkhla province. Journal of Fishery Technology Research, 11(2), 83–97. (in Thai)
Sampantarak, U., Kongchouy, N. & Angsupanich, S. (2011). Regression-based modeling of environmental factors affecting macrobenthic fauna in middle Songkhla Lake, Thailand. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 38(3), 412–429.
Sri-aroon, P., Lohachit, C. & Harada, M. (2004). Survey of brackish-water snails in Eastern Thailand. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 35(1), 150–155.
Taggliapietra, D. & Sigorini, M. (2010). Benthic fauna: Collection and identification of macrobenthic invertebrates. Terre et Environnement. 88, 253–261.
Talman, G.S. & Keough, J.M. (2001). Impact of an exotic clam, Corbula gibba, on the commercial scallop Pecten fumatus in Port Phillip Bay, south-east Australia: evidence of resource restricted growth in a subtidal environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 221, 135–143.
Wang, Z. (2019). Responses of macrobenthic communities to pollution control and fisheries management measures in Hong Kong. Ph.D. Thesis. Hong Kong Baptist University.
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2022-05-18
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