Groundwater Modelling for Natural Recharge Estimation in Phuket Island, Thailand
Abstract
Phuket, one of the most popular places in Thailand, where urbanization and population are highly increasing, is facing issues of water supply as part of which comes from groundwater resources. Recharge is one of the most important and difficult parameters to estimate the volume of infiltrated water crossing the water table and becoming part of the groundwater flow system. In this study, the simulation of the groundwater flow system using Processing MODFLOW for Windows (PMWIN-MODFLOW) was carried out for the time of 2006 to 2016. Groundwater data were utilized to present the historical groundwater data and to characterize the aquifer information for setting up model geometry. The trial-and-error method was used to estimate the recharge flux based on historical groundwater data. The model was validated by the good matches between simulated and observed groundwater levels with an acceptable range of errors. The average recharge map of Phuket during 2006 – 2016 was created by GIS techniques for providing the spatial data of the groundwater databases. The high recharge areas locate in the south-eastern part of Phuket and most areas of the Island have moderate recharge rates. There are some small areas where have the low recharge rate on Phuket Island. The recharge estimation from groundwater simulation in Phuket could help to manage the future development of the groundwater system in Phuket Island as being a critical parameter of groundwater resources. Keywords : groundwater ; recharge estimation ; PMWIN-MODFLOW ; groundwater modeling ; PhuketReferences
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Puttiwongrak, A., Kong, S.O., & Vann, S. (2018). Groundwater Recharge Estimation in Kathu, Phuket using Groundwater Modelling. Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, 49, 4-10.
Puttiwongrak, A., Vann, S., Rattanakom, R., & Ruamkaew, S. (2019). Preliminary assessment of seawater intrusion on phuket island using groundwater data analysis and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Engineering Journal of Research and Development, 30, 75-88.
Saatsaz, M., Chitsazan, M., Eslamian, S., Sulaiman, W.N.A. (2011). The application of groundwater modelling to simulate the behaviour of groundwater resources in the Ramhormooz Aquifer, Iran. Journal of Water, 6,
29-42.
Sophocleous, A.M. (1991). Combining the soil water balance and water-level fluctuation methods to estimate natural groundwater recharge: Practical aspects. Journal of Hydrology, 124, 229-241.
Tesfaldet, Y.T., Puttiwongrak, A., & Arpornthip, T. (2019). Spatial and temporal variation of groundwater recharge in shallow aquifer in the Thepkasattri of Phuket, Thailand. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 8,10-19.
Yang, Y., Lerner, D.N., Barrett, M.H., & Tellam, J.H. (1999). Quantification of groundwater recharge in the city of Nottingham, UK. Environmental Geology, 38, 183-198.
Chiang, W. (2005). 3D-Groundwater modeling with PMWIN, second ed. Springer Publication, Berlin-Heidelbrg.
Crosbie, S.R., Binning, P., & Kalma, D.J. (2005). A time series approach to inferring groundwater recharge using the water table fluctuation method. Water Resources Research,41,1-9.
Healy, R. (2010). Estimating groundwater recharge, first ed. Cambridge University Press, UK, 1-52.
Healy, W.R, & Cook, G.P. (2002). Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge. Hydrogeology Journal, 10,
91-109.
Kumar, P.C. (2013). Numerical modelling of ground water flow using MODFLOW. Indian Journal of Science, 2, 86-92.
Lalehzari, R, Tabatabaei, S.H., & Kholghi, M. (2010). Hydrodynamic coefficient estimation and aquifer simulation using PMWIN model. In Proceedings of the 14th International Water Technology Conference IWTC-14.
(pp. 925-939). Cairo: Egypt.
Boupun, P., & Wongsai, S. (2012). Land use change and the town planning policy of Phuket. Groundwater potential modelling using GIS in Phuket province, Thailand. In Proceedings of the 33rd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing. (pp. 1-4). Pattaya: Thailand.
Puttiwongrak, A., Kong, S.O., & Vann, S. (2018). Groundwater Recharge Estimation in Kathu, Phuket using Groundwater Modelling. Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, 49, 4-10.
Puttiwongrak, A., Vann, S., Rattanakom, R., & Ruamkaew, S. (2019). Preliminary assessment of seawater intrusion on phuket island using groundwater data analysis and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Engineering Journal of Research and Development, 30, 75-88.
Saatsaz, M., Chitsazan, M., Eslamian, S., Sulaiman, W.N.A. (2011). The application of groundwater modelling to simulate the behaviour of groundwater resources in the Ramhormooz Aquifer, Iran. Journal of Water, 6,
29-42.
Sophocleous, A.M. (1991). Combining the soil water balance and water-level fluctuation methods to estimate natural groundwater recharge: Practical aspects. Journal of Hydrology, 124, 229-241.
Tesfaldet, Y.T., Puttiwongrak, A., & Arpornthip, T. (2019). Spatial and temporal variation of groundwater recharge in shallow aquifer in the Thepkasattri of Phuket, Thailand. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 8,10-19.
Yang, Y., Lerner, D.N., Barrett, M.H., & Tellam, J.H. (1999). Quantification of groundwater recharge in the city of Nottingham, UK. Environmental Geology, 38, 183-198.
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2022-01-10
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