Effects of Seed Priming with Caffeine on Germination, Vigour and Seedling Growth of Pepper
Abstract
The most consumed vegetable by Thai people is pepper. Therefore, in order to receive high yields of pepper with good quality, pepper seeds with a high and constant germination rate are necessary. However, some commercial pepper seeds have problems with low germination rates and low vigor. Hence, the seed growing rate is inconsistent. When planted, those seedlings are destroyed by seedling diseases. Given the aforementioned problems, improving seed quality by priming seeds with caffeine is one method to help farmers the highest seed quality of pepper cultivation. The experimental design is based on the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications of each set of experiment including the comparison of non-priming seeds, primed seeds with only water, and seeds primed with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mM of caffeine. The results are as follows. Tested under laboratory conditions, seeds primed with 10 mM of caffeine had better radicle emergence, germination percentage, speed of radicle emergence, speed of germination, vigor index, germination index, mean germination time, shoot length, root length, and seedling length when compared to non-priming seeds. The differences were also found statistically significant. When tested under greenhouse conditions, primed seeds with only water and primed seed with 20 mM of caffeine had cotyledon emergence and speed of cotyledon emergence faster compared to non-primed seeds. The difference was found statistically significant. On the other hand, seeds primed with 10 mM of caffeine had better germination, and higher speed of germination, and germination index compared to non-priming seeds. Of the differences, they were found statistically significant.Keywords : seed quality ; seed enhancement ; osmo-priming ; cytokinin; nitrogenReferences
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Crop Science, 13(6), 630–633.
Agarwal, V.K., & Sinclair, J.B. (1996). Principles of Seed Pathology. 2nd Edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Ashihara, H. (2006). Metabolism of alkaloids in coffee plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18, 1-8.
Bloom, A.J., Frensch, J., & Taylor, A.R. (2006). Influence of inorganic nitrogen and pH on the elongation of
maize seminal roots. Annals of Botany, 97(5), 867–873.
Coskun, D., Britto, D.T., & Kronzucker, H.J. (2016). Nutrient constraints on terrestrial carbon fixation:
The role of nitrogen. Journal of Plant Physiology, 203, 95-109.
Ellis, R.A., & Roberts, E.H. (1981). The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science
and Technology, 9(2), 373-409.
Hitoshi, S. (2006). Cytokinins: Activity, biosynthesis, and translocation. Annual Review of Plant Biology,
57, 431-449.
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). (2017). International Rules for Seed Testing, Edition 2018. Bassersdorf: International Seed Testing Association.
Kaewsorn, P., Chotanakoon, K., Chulaka, P., & Chanprasert, W. (2017). Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of pepper. Agricultural Science Journal, 48(1), 70–79. (in Thai)
Krainart, C., Siri, B., & Vichitphan, K. (2015). Effects of accelerated aging and subsequent priming on seed quality and biochemical change of hybrid cucumber (Cucumis sativa Linn.) seeds. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11(1), 165-179.
Kumar, G., & A. Tripathi. (2004). Mutagenic response of caffeine in Capsicum annuum. Journal Indian Botanical Society, 83, 136-140.
Lawlor, D.W. (2002). Carbon and nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield: mechanisms are the key to understanding production systems. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(370), 773–787.
McDonald, M.B. (1999). Seed deterioration: Physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology, 27, 177-237.
McDonald, M.B. (2000). Seed priming. In M. Black & J.D. Bewley (Eds.), Seed Technology and Its Biology Basis (pp. 287-326). Sheffield: Sheffield Acad Press.
Morsucci, R., Curvetto, N., & Delmastro, S. (1991). Involvement of cytokinin and adenosine 3,5 cyclic monophosphate in stomatal movement in Vicia faba. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 29, 537-547.
Osuna, D., Prieto, P., & Aguilar, M. (2015). Control of seed germination and plant development by carbon and nitrogen availability. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 1023.
Pairohakul, S. (2019). Biology. Bangkok: Active Print Co., Ltd. (in Thai)
Rithichai, P. (2000). Effects of harvesting times on yield and quality of hot pepper seed. Thai Science and Technology Journal, 8(2), 15-21. (in Thai)
Siri, B. (2009). Seed Technology. Khon Kaen: Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University. (in Thai)
Siri, B., Vichitphan, K., Kaewnareee, P., Vichitphan, S., & Klanrit, P. (2013). Improvement of quality, membrane integrity and antioxidant systems in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum Linn.) seeds affected by osmopriming. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(13), 2068-2073.
Siri, B. (2015). Seed Conditioning and Seed Enhancements. Khon Kaen: Klungnanawitthaya Press. (in Thai)
Taylor, A.G., Allen, P.S., Bennett, M.A., Bradford, K.J., Burris, J.S., & Misra, M.K. (1998). Seed enhancements. Seed Science Research, 8, 245–256.
The office of Agricultural Regulation. (2019). Seeds Export Quantity and Value. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://bit.ly/345kxKw. (in Thai)
Truta, E., Zamfirache, M.M., & Olteanu, Z. (2011). Caffeine induced genotoxic effects in Phaseolus vulgaris and Raphanus sativus. Botanica Serbica, 35, 49-54.
Vitória, A.P., & Mazzafera, P. (1998). Cytokinin-like effects of caffeine in bioassays. Biologia Plantarum, 40,
329-335.
Wink, M. (2004). Allelochemical properties of quinolizidine alkaloids. In F.A. Macias, J.C. Garcia-Galindo, J.M.G. Molinillo, H.G Cutler. (Eds.), Allelopathy-Chemistry and Made of Action of Allelochemicals.
(pp. 183-200). Florida: Boca Ratón.
Crop Science, 13(6), 630–633.
Agarwal, V.K., & Sinclair, J.B. (1996). Principles of Seed Pathology. 2nd Edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Ashihara, H. (2006). Metabolism of alkaloids in coffee plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18, 1-8.
Bloom, A.J., Frensch, J., & Taylor, A.R. (2006). Influence of inorganic nitrogen and pH on the elongation of
maize seminal roots. Annals of Botany, 97(5), 867–873.
Coskun, D., Britto, D.T., & Kronzucker, H.J. (2016). Nutrient constraints on terrestrial carbon fixation:
The role of nitrogen. Journal of Plant Physiology, 203, 95-109.
Ellis, R.A., & Roberts, E.H. (1981). The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science
and Technology, 9(2), 373-409.
Hitoshi, S. (2006). Cytokinins: Activity, biosynthesis, and translocation. Annual Review of Plant Biology,
57, 431-449.
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). (2017). International Rules for Seed Testing, Edition 2018. Bassersdorf: International Seed Testing Association.
Kaewsorn, P., Chotanakoon, K., Chulaka, P., & Chanprasert, W. (2017). Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of pepper. Agricultural Science Journal, 48(1), 70–79. (in Thai)
Krainart, C., Siri, B., & Vichitphan, K. (2015). Effects of accelerated aging and subsequent priming on seed quality and biochemical change of hybrid cucumber (Cucumis sativa Linn.) seeds. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11(1), 165-179.
Kumar, G., & A. Tripathi. (2004). Mutagenic response of caffeine in Capsicum annuum. Journal Indian Botanical Society, 83, 136-140.
Lawlor, D.W. (2002). Carbon and nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield: mechanisms are the key to understanding production systems. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(370), 773–787.
McDonald, M.B. (1999). Seed deterioration: Physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology, 27, 177-237.
McDonald, M.B. (2000). Seed priming. In M. Black & J.D. Bewley (Eds.), Seed Technology and Its Biology Basis (pp. 287-326). Sheffield: Sheffield Acad Press.
Morsucci, R., Curvetto, N., & Delmastro, S. (1991). Involvement of cytokinin and adenosine 3,5 cyclic monophosphate in stomatal movement in Vicia faba. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 29, 537-547.
Osuna, D., Prieto, P., & Aguilar, M. (2015). Control of seed germination and plant development by carbon and nitrogen availability. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 1023.
Pairohakul, S. (2019). Biology. Bangkok: Active Print Co., Ltd. (in Thai)
Rithichai, P. (2000). Effects of harvesting times on yield and quality of hot pepper seed. Thai Science and Technology Journal, 8(2), 15-21. (in Thai)
Siri, B. (2009). Seed Technology. Khon Kaen: Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University. (in Thai)
Siri, B., Vichitphan, K., Kaewnareee, P., Vichitphan, S., & Klanrit, P. (2013). Improvement of quality, membrane integrity and antioxidant systems in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum Linn.) seeds affected by osmopriming. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(13), 2068-2073.
Siri, B. (2015). Seed Conditioning and Seed Enhancements. Khon Kaen: Klungnanawitthaya Press. (in Thai)
Taylor, A.G., Allen, P.S., Bennett, M.A., Bradford, K.J., Burris, J.S., & Misra, M.K. (1998). Seed enhancements. Seed Science Research, 8, 245–256.
The office of Agricultural Regulation. (2019). Seeds Export Quantity and Value. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://bit.ly/345kxKw. (in Thai)
Truta, E., Zamfirache, M.M., & Olteanu, Z. (2011). Caffeine induced genotoxic effects in Phaseolus vulgaris and Raphanus sativus. Botanica Serbica, 35, 49-54.
Vitória, A.P., & Mazzafera, P. (1998). Cytokinin-like effects of caffeine in bioassays. Biologia Plantarum, 40,
329-335.
Wink, M. (2004). Allelochemical properties of quinolizidine alkaloids. In F.A. Macias, J.C. Garcia-Galindo, J.M.G. Molinillo, H.G Cutler. (Eds.), Allelopathy-Chemistry and Made of Action of Allelochemicals.
(pp. 183-200). Florida: Boca Ratón.
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Published
2021-09-07
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