Mechanical Properties, Oil and Ozone Resistance of EPDM/NBR Blends Filled with Hybrid Fillers for Fuel Tank Rubber-Cover Applications
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the optimal blend ratio of ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) filled with hybrid fillers, including carbon black and calcium carbonate at 100 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) for fuel tank rubber-cover applications. The varied ratios of EPDM/NBR were 100/0, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70 and 0/100 %wt/wt. For mixing experimental, all ingredients used for preparing each blended compound were mixed in a kneader and the curing agents were subsequently incorporated on a two-roll mill. The compounds were finally shaped and vulcanized at 160ºC using compression molding before further mechanical, thermal aging and ozone resistance test as well as oil swelling resistance in different fuel types (diesel, gasohol-91 and engine oils). The results revealed that scorch and cure times, compression set, swelling ratio in diesel and engine oils of the blends tended to decrease with increasing NBR content, while cure rate index, hardness and swelling ratio in gasohol-91 increased. Of all EPDM/NBR ratios, the 70/30 EPDM/NBR blend showed the best tensile strength and tear strength. At a given blend ratio, tensile strength and tear strength of the blends before and after aging are not significantly different. This indicated that thermal resistance of the blends could be achieved at all EPDM/NBR ratios. Furthermore, when NBR was increased up to 50 %wt, the blend has good stability against ozone treatment. In summary, the development of EPDM/NBR compounds with the ratio of 70/30 %wt/wt yields the best overall properties and the raw material cost is about 13% higher than the control formula. The developed rubber formula can be used as basic knowledge for applying as the fuel tank rubber-cover product and can be further developed for other products requiring oil and heat resistance properties. Keywords : rubber blends ; hybrid fillers ; crosslink density ; morphologyReferences
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Chemistry, 2, 90-97.
Bhowmick, A.K., Stephens H. (2000) Elastomer handbook. New York: CRC Press.
Botros, S.H. (2002) Preparation and characteristics of NR/EPDM rubber blends. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 41, 341-359.
Botros, S.H., Tawfic, M.L. (2005) Compatibility and thermal stability of EPDM/NBR elastomer blends, Journal of Elastomer and Plastic, 37, 299-317.
Botros, S.H., Tawfic, M.L. (2005) Preparation and characteristics of EPDM/NBR rubber blends with BIIR as compatibilizer, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 44, 209-227.
Botros, S.H., Tawfic, M.L. (2006) Synthesis and characteristics of MAH-g-EPDM compatiblized EPDM/NBR rubber blends. Journal of Elastomer and Plastics, 38, 349-365.
Dierkes, W.K., Tiwari, M., Guo, R., Datta, R., Talma, A., Noordermeer, J.W.M., van Ooij, W.J. (2013) Overcoming incompatibility problems in elastomer blends by tailored surface properties of rubber additives. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 86(1), 1-27.
Flokes, M.J., Hope, P.S. (1993) Polymer blends and alloys. London: Chapman & Hill.
Flory, P.J., Rehner Jr. (1943) Statistical mechanics of cross-linked polymer networks. II. Swelling. Journal of Chemical Physics, 11, 521–526
Gomaa, E., Mostafa, N., Aly, E.H. (2010) Positron annihilation study of nanoholes and compatibility of EPDM/NBR blends. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 4, 39-45.
Jaunich, M., Stark, W., D. Wolff (2011) Low temperature properties of rubber seals. Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 64, 52-55.
Jovanović, V., Samaržija-Jovanović, S., Budinski-Simendić, J., Marković, G., Marinović-Cincović, M. (2013) Composites based on carbon black reinforced NBR/EPDM rubber blends. Composites Part B: Engineering, 45, 333-340.
Manoj, K.C. (2010) Aromatic liquid transport through filled EPDM/NBR blends. Journal of Polymer Research, 17,
1-9.
Manson, J.A., Sperling, L.H. (1976) Polymer Blends and Composites. New York: Plenum Press.
Mark, J.E., Erman, B., Roland M. (2013) The Science and Technology of Rubber. Cambridge: Academic Press.
Peng, H., Liu, L., Luo, Y., Wang, X., Jia D. (2009) Effect of 3-propionylthio-1-propyltrimethoxylsilane on structure, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of NR/silica composites, Polymer Composites, 30,
955-961.
Prasertsri, S., Amnuay, P., Sripan, K., Nuinu, P. (2014) Role of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene in changing properties of EPDM/ENR blends. Advanced Materials Research, 844, 349-352.
Prasertsri, S., Kurakanok, K., Sukkapan N. (2016) Physico-mechanical properties and automotive fuel resistance of EPDM/ENR blends containing hybrid fillers. Journal of Polymer Research, 23, 228(1-8).
Rattanasom, N., Prasertsri, S., Suchiva, K. (2009) Mechanical properties, thermal stability, gas permeability, and phase morphology in natural rubber-bromobutyl rubber blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113, 3985-3992.
Sirisinha, C., Limcharoen, S., Thunyarittikorn, J. (2003) Oil resistance controlled by phase morphology in natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 87, 83-89.
Sirisinha, C., Saeoui, P., Pattanawanidchai, S. (2004) Rheological properties, oil, and thermal resistance in sulfur-cured CPE/NR blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 93, 1129-1135.
Tinker, A.J., Jones, K.P. (1998) Blends of natural rubber: novel techniques for blending with specialty polymers. London: Chapman & Hall.
White, J.L. (1995) Rubber processing: technology, materials and principles. Munich: Hanser Publishers.
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2021-01-04
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