Assessment of Flow Timing in the Upper Prachin Buri Watershed by Using SWAT Model
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of land use changes on flow regime in the Upper Prachin Buri Watershed (UPBW). The analysis was assessed by using the flow date (an amount of water passing through the measurement point) and the flow interval (the duration of the given amouth of water passing through the measurement point) data. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to analyze the amount of runoff and the amount of water flowing through the measurement point for evaluating effects of land used on runoff during January 2008- March 2014 (Existing situation). Accuracy of model was determined by consideration of the Coefficient of Determination (R2). Then, two scenarios of situations were initiated, (1) converting all forest areas to agricultural areas (Scenario 1), and (2) increasing forest areas by using the strategies of protecting the conservation and reserved forests (Scenario 2). Results obtained from the SWAT model showed that the UPBW area was 7,456.25 km2 with 13 sub-watersheds and 135 hydrological response units (HRUs). Application of the SWAT model to Existing, Scenario 1, and Scenario 2 situation indicated the accumulated runoff compared with the flow timing from the flow interval by showing the shortest of flow timing at 25% of runoff volume during the flooding time was 21, 26 and 28 days respectively. During the dry season, the longest flow of water at 1% the last of Existing, Scenario 1, and Scenario 2 was 72, 18 and 38 days, respectively. The results from Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 can implied that forest conservation is one of the factors helping the flow timing, slow down the stream flow and regulating the amount of water during the flooding period, and keeping longer duration of water flow until the end of the dry season. Keywords : flow timing ; SWAT model ; Upper Prachin Buri watershedReferences
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Chen, L., M. Berli & Chief, K. (2013). Examining Modeling Approaches for the Rainfall‐Runoff Process in Wildfire‐Affected Watersheds: Using San Dimas Experimental Forest. Retrieved January 1, 2020, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jawr.12043.
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Witthawatchutikul, P. (1981). Streamflow Estimation from Small Watershed of Dry-evergreen Forest after Logging, Rayong. The Regional Workshop on Hydrological Impacts of Forestry practices and Reafforestation. (pp. 12-14). University Pertanian Malaysia. UPM & UNESCO.
Witthawatchutikul, P & Jirasuktaveekul, W. (1999). Simulating Runoff and Hydrological Impacts Resulting from Forest Conversion to Rubber Plantation at Rayong. Watershed Research Subdivision, Forest Environment Research Division, Forest Research office, Royal Forest Department. (in Thai)
Witthawatchutikul, P & Jirasuktaveekul, W. (2007). API Model: Model for Flood - Landslide Warning. Watershed Conservation and Management Office. Department of Natural Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (in Thai)
Witthawatchutikul, P., Kaewamphut, T. & Thitirojanawat, P. (2009). Application SCS-CN Methodlology for Runoff Estimation due to Chaging the Forest Watershed into Agricultural land. Watershed Research, Watershed Conservation and Management Office. Department of Natural Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (in Thai)
Bruijnzeel, L.A. (1990). Hydrology of Moist Tropical Forest and Effects of Conversion: A state of Knowledge Review. IHP; UNESCO; Free University. Amsterdam. 224 p.
Charoensuk, S. & Withawatchutikul, P. (2011). Application of rainfall-runoff polygons for study on runoff characteristics conversion due to 29-30 years reforestation at Nan province. Watershed Research, Watershed Conservation and Management Office. Department of Natural Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (in Thai)
Chen, L., M. Berli & Chief, K. (2013). Examining Modeling Approaches for the Rainfall‐Runoff Process in Wildfire‐Affected Watersheds: Using San Dimas Experimental Forest. Retrieved January 1, 2020, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jawr.12043.
Jarulchawanapait, N. (2016). Estimating wet flow and dry flow as discharge from rugged-Terrain and rain-shadow phusawan watershed area in Phetchaburi Provice Thailand. M.S. Thesis, Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Land Development Department. (2010). Soil Resources Survey and Research Division. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Land Development Department. (2013). Geographic Information System Soil and Land use. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Linsley, R.K., Kohler M.A. & Paulhus, J.L.H. (1982). Hydrology for Engineer. McGRAW-HILL Book Company. Singapore.
Liu, W. ,X. Wei ,H. Fan ,X. Guo ,Y Liu ,M. Zhang & Li, Q. (2015). Response of flow regimes to deforestation and reforestation in a rain‐dominated large watershed of subtropical China. Retrieved January 1, 2020, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hyp.10459.
Meteorological Department. (2013). Meteorological Data. Meteorological Department, Ministry of Information and Communication. (in Thai)
Niyom, V. (1992). Forest hydrology. Department of Conservation, Faculty of Forestry. Kasetsart University.
(in Thai)
Phongjeena, R. (2015). Influences of Changes in Rainfall Regime and Human Activities to the Streamflows in Sakaekrang River Basin. M.S. Thesis, Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Pongboon, K., Thitirojanawat, P. & Witthawatchutikul, P. (2011). Water Balance of Dry Evergreen Forest at Mun Watershed Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Watershed Research, Watershed Conservation and Management Office. Department of Natural Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (in Thai)
Poonkasem, T. (1997). Influence of Watershed Physiography on Streamflow Timing. M.S. Thesis, Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Royal Irrigation Department. (2014). Runoff data. Regional Irrigation office, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Suwanlertcharoen, T. (2011). Application of the SWAT Model to Evaluate Runoff and Suspended Sediment from a Small Watershed: A Case Study of Mae Phun Subwatershed, Laplae District, Uttaradit Province. M.S. Thesis, Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Sutterlund, R.D. (1972). Wildland Wetershed Management. The Ronald Press co. New York. 33 p.
Vongsana, K. (2011). Land Use Allocation of Upper Ping River Basin for Increasing Streamflow in Dry Season. Ph.D. Thesis, Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Witthawatchutikul, P. (1981). Streamflow Estimation from Small Watershed of Dry-evergreen Forest after Logging, Rayong. The Regional Workshop on Hydrological Impacts of Forestry practices and Reafforestation. (pp. 12-14). University Pertanian Malaysia. UPM & UNESCO.
Witthawatchutikul, P & Jirasuktaveekul, W. (1999). Simulating Runoff and Hydrological Impacts Resulting from Forest Conversion to Rubber Plantation at Rayong. Watershed Research Subdivision, Forest Environment Research Division, Forest Research office, Royal Forest Department. (in Thai)
Witthawatchutikul, P & Jirasuktaveekul, W. (2007). API Model: Model for Flood - Landslide Warning. Watershed Conservation and Management Office. Department of Natural Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (in Thai)
Witthawatchutikul, P., Kaewamphut, T. & Thitirojanawat, P. (2009). Application SCS-CN Methodlology for Runoff Estimation due to Chaging the Forest Watershed into Agricultural land. Watershed Research, Watershed Conservation and Management Office. Department of Natural Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (in Thai)
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Published
2020-09-01
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