Micropropagation of Elsholtzia communis (Collett&Hemsl.) Diels
Abstract
Elsholtzia communis (Collett&Hemsl.) Diels is a local plant in which hill tribe people in Mae Hong Son and Chiang Mai provinces traditionally use as spices. This plant contains high amount of amino acids and has anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Generally, seed propagation may encounter some difficulties, including seed dormancy and low rate of seed germination. Therefore, tissue culture technique was applied for mass propagation in short time period. There were 3 steps of the technique. For the first step (shoot multiplication), in vitro nodal explants were cultured on solid MS media (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L for 8 weeks. The results showed that MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA could induce 100% of shoot formation and provided the highest average shoot number of 7.90±0.61 shoots/explant with the average shoot length of 2.95±0.16 centimeters. The second step (root formation), shoots from first step was cultured on solid MS media supplemented with indolebutyric acid (IBA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L for 8 weeks. It was found that MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L IBA could be induce 100% root formation, and the average was 25.00±0.38 roots/explant. The last step (acclimatization), in vitro plantlets were transferred into 3 different formulas of potting mix including 1) 1 : 1 of soil and vermiculite, 2) 1 : 1 : 1 of sand : rice husk : coconut dust, and 3) peat moss. The results revealed that peat moss was the best potting mix providing 90% of survival rate after 30 days of planting. Key word: plant tissue culture, acclimatization, Elsholtzia communis (Collett&Hemsl.) Diels, BA, IBAReferences
Aicha, N., Rachida, T. C., & Abdelmalek, E. M. (2013). Micropropagation of Thymus satureioides Coss.
an endangered medicinal plant of Morocco. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 9(2), 487-501.
Andrade, L. B., Echeverrigaray, S., Fracaro, F., Pauletti, G.F., & Rota, L. (1999). The effect of growth regulators
on shoot propagation and rooting of common lavender (Lavandula vera DC) plant cell.
Tissue and Organ Culture, 56, 79–83.
Arikat, N. A., Jawad, F. M., Karam, N. S., & Shibli, R. A. (2004). Micropropagation and accumulation of essential oils in wild sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.). Scientia Horticulturae, 100(1-4), 193-202.
Autade, R. H., Fargade, S. A., Savant, A. M., & Gangurde, S. S. (2016). Micropropagation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Biotechological Communication, 9(1), 88-93.
Barua, C. C., Patowary, P., Bordoloi, M. J., Dutta, P. P., Dutta, D. J., & Purkayastha, A. (2016). Attenuating effect of Elsholtzia communis (Collett&Hemsl.) Diels. on Dysregulated HPA axis in stressful conditions. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2016, 8(4), 651-658.
Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., & Paton, A. (2015). Elsholzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 59(3), 209-214.
Chandra, S., Bandopadhyay, R., Kumar, V., & Chandra, R. (2010). Acclimatization of tissue cultured plantets : from laboratory to land. Biotecnology Letters, 32(9), 1199-1205.
Chishti, N., Shawl, A. S., & Kaloo, Z. A. (2006). Clonal propagation of Mentha arvensis L. through nodal explant. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 9(8), 1416-1419.
Clapa, D., Fira, A., & Joshee, N. (2013). An efficient ex vitro rooting and acclimatization method for horticultural plant using float hydroculture. Hortscience, 48(9), 1159-1167.
Echeverrigaray, S., Basso, R., & Andrade, L. B. (2005). Micropropagation of Lavandula dentata from axillary buds of field-grown adult plants. Biologia Plantarum, 49(3), 439-442.
Epstein, E., & Muller, J. L. (1993). Indole-3-butyric acid in plant: occurrence, synthesis, metabolism and transport. Physiologia Plantarum, 88, 382-389.
George, E. F., Hall, M. A., & De Klerk, G-J. (2008). Plant growth regulators II: cytokinins, their analogues and antagonists. In E. F. George, M. A. Hall, & L. B. Andrade. (Eds.), Plant propagation by tissue culture. (pp. 205-226). Dordrecht: Springer.
Ghanti, K., Kaviraj, C. P., Venugopal, R. B., Venugopal, R. B., & Rao, S. (2004). Rapid regeneration of
Mentha piperita L. from shoot tip and nodal explant. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 594-598.
Han, H., Zhang, S., & Sun, X. (2009). A review on the molecular mechanism of plants rooting modulated
by auxin. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(3), 348-353.
Jan, T., & Khatoon, K. (2014). In vitro regeneration of Salvia santolinifolia. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(1),
325-328.
Kalawong, S., Bunthong, S., Luangsuwalai, K., Rungrueng, P., Srichuay, W., & Siangsuepchart, A. (2019).
Factors influencing on root induction and acclimatization of Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) Songklanakarin Journal of Plant Science, 6(1), 19-29 (in Thai).
Kaul, S., & Srivastava, PS. (2013). Micropropagation of Ajuga bracteosa, a medicinal herb. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 19(2), 289-296.
Kim, D. H., & Sivanessan, I. (2016). Influence of benzyladenine and thidiazuron on shoot regeneration from leaf and shoot tip explants of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 59, 1-6.
Khomdram, S., Salam, J., & Singh, P. K. (2011). Estimation of nutritive indies in eight Lamiaceae plants of Manipur. American Journal of Food Technology, 6(10), 924-931.
Klein, W. H. (1960). Plant Growth Substances. LJ Audus. Leonard Hill, London; (Eds.), (pp. 553). New York :Interscience.
Kumar, K., & Rao, I. U. (2012). Morphophysiologicals problems in acclimatization of micropropagated plants
in ex- vitro conditions-a review. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 2(4), 271-283.
Liu, C., Zhu, J., Liu, Z., Li, L., Pan, R., & Jin, L. (2002). Eogenenous auxin effects on growth and phenotype of normal and hairy root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Plant Growth Regulation, 38, 37-42.
Mehta, J., Naruka, R., Sain, M., Dwivedi, A., Sharma, D., & Mirza, J. (2012). An efficient protocol micropropagation of Mentha piperita L. (pipperment). Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2(4), 518-523.
Mokhtarzadeh, S., Hajyzadeh, M., Ahmad, H. A., & Khawar, K.M. (2013). The problems in acclimatization of
in vitro multiplied plants of Lavandula angustifolia Miller. under field condition. In Proc. 5th IS
on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants. (pp. 71-76). Belgium :
Acta Horticulturae.
Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15(3), 473-497.
Nordine, A., Bousta, D., Khanchoufi, A. E., & Meskaoui, A. E. (2013). An efficient and rapid in vitro propagation system of Thymus hyemalis Lange, A wild medicinal and aromatic plant of Mediterranean region. International Journal of Pharma Bioscience and Technology, 1(3), 118-129.
Oluk, A. E., & Cakir, A. (2009). Micropropagation of Origanum sipyleum L., an endemic medicinal herb of Turkey. African Jounal of Biotechnology, 8(21), 5769-5772.
Prakash, S., & Van Staden, J. (2007). Micropropaation of Hoslundia opposita vahl-a valuable medicinal plant. South African Journal of Botany, 73, 60-63.
Raja, H. D., & Arockiasamy, D. I. (2008). In vitro propagation of Mentha virids L. from nodal and shoot tip explant. Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology, 18(1), 1-6.
Saha, S., Dey, T., & Ghosh, P. (2010). Micropropagation of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke (Labiatae).
ACTA Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 52(2), 50-58.
Saha, S., Kader, A., Sengupta, C., & Ghosh, P. (2012). In vitro propagation of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) and Its evaluation of genetic fidelity using RAPD marker. American Journal of Plant Science, 3, 64-74.
Saha, S., Adhikari, S., Dey, T., & Ghosh, P. (2016). RAPD and ISSR based evaluation of genetic stability of micropropagated plantlets of Morus alba L. variety S-1. Meta Gene, 7, 7-15.
Schmülling, T. (2004). Cytokinin. In W. Lennarz, & M.D. Lane. (Eds.), Encyclopedia, Biological, Chemistry. (pp. 1-7). Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
Siddique, I., & Anis, M. (2008). An improved plant regeneration system and ex vitro acclimatization of
Ocimum basilicum L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30, 493-499.
Srikum, C., Dheeranupattana, S., Chotikadachanarong, K., Rotarayanont, S., & Inta, A. (2018). The effect of chloride on alleviation of in vitro shoot tip necrosis of Elsholtzia stachyodes. Burapha Science Journal, 23(3), 1770-1778 (in Thai).
Tawfik, A. A., & Mohamed, M. (2007). Regeneraton of salvia (Salvia officinalis L.) via induction of meristematic callus. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 43(1), 21-27.
Trisonthi, C., & Trisonthi, P. (2009). Ethnobotanical study in Thailand, and case study in Khun Yuam district Maehongson province. Thai Journal of Botany, 1(1), 1–23. (in Thai).
Tyub, A., & Kamili, A. N. (2008). Enhanced axillary shoot proliferation in Ocimum sanctum Linn. via shoot tip culture using various concentrations of BAP. Journal of Research & Development, 8, 80-85.
Yimam, T. (2018). Effect of solid and liquid media on in vitro propagation of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke)(Agnew). Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 8(3), 23-28.
Zuzarte, M. R., Dinis, A. M., Cavaleiro, C., Salgueiro, L. R., & Canhoto, J. M. (2010). Trichomes, essential oil and
in vitro propogation of Lavandula pedunculata (Lamiaceae). Industrial Crops and Products, 32, 580-587.
an endangered medicinal plant of Morocco. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 9(2), 487-501.
Andrade, L. B., Echeverrigaray, S., Fracaro, F., Pauletti, G.F., & Rota, L. (1999). The effect of growth regulators
on shoot propagation and rooting of common lavender (Lavandula vera DC) plant cell.
Tissue and Organ Culture, 56, 79–83.
Arikat, N. A., Jawad, F. M., Karam, N. S., & Shibli, R. A. (2004). Micropropagation and accumulation of essential oils in wild sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.). Scientia Horticulturae, 100(1-4), 193-202.
Autade, R. H., Fargade, S. A., Savant, A. M., & Gangurde, S. S. (2016). Micropropagation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Biotechological Communication, 9(1), 88-93.
Barua, C. C., Patowary, P., Bordoloi, M. J., Dutta, P. P., Dutta, D. J., & Purkayastha, A. (2016). Attenuating effect of Elsholtzia communis (Collett&Hemsl.) Diels. on Dysregulated HPA axis in stressful conditions. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2016, 8(4), 651-658.
Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., & Paton, A. (2015). Elsholzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 59(3), 209-214.
Chandra, S., Bandopadhyay, R., Kumar, V., & Chandra, R. (2010). Acclimatization of tissue cultured plantets : from laboratory to land. Biotecnology Letters, 32(9), 1199-1205.
Chishti, N., Shawl, A. S., & Kaloo, Z. A. (2006). Clonal propagation of Mentha arvensis L. through nodal explant. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 9(8), 1416-1419.
Clapa, D., Fira, A., & Joshee, N. (2013). An efficient ex vitro rooting and acclimatization method for horticultural plant using float hydroculture. Hortscience, 48(9), 1159-1167.
Echeverrigaray, S., Basso, R., & Andrade, L. B. (2005). Micropropagation of Lavandula dentata from axillary buds of field-grown adult plants. Biologia Plantarum, 49(3), 439-442.
Epstein, E., & Muller, J. L. (1993). Indole-3-butyric acid in plant: occurrence, synthesis, metabolism and transport. Physiologia Plantarum, 88, 382-389.
George, E. F., Hall, M. A., & De Klerk, G-J. (2008). Plant growth regulators II: cytokinins, their analogues and antagonists. In E. F. George, M. A. Hall, & L. B. Andrade. (Eds.), Plant propagation by tissue culture. (pp. 205-226). Dordrecht: Springer.
Ghanti, K., Kaviraj, C. P., Venugopal, R. B., Venugopal, R. B., & Rao, S. (2004). Rapid regeneration of
Mentha piperita L. from shoot tip and nodal explant. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 594-598.
Han, H., Zhang, S., & Sun, X. (2009). A review on the molecular mechanism of plants rooting modulated
by auxin. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(3), 348-353.
Jan, T., & Khatoon, K. (2014). In vitro regeneration of Salvia santolinifolia. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(1),
325-328.
Kalawong, S., Bunthong, S., Luangsuwalai, K., Rungrueng, P., Srichuay, W., & Siangsuepchart, A. (2019).
Factors influencing on root induction and acclimatization of Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) Songklanakarin Journal of Plant Science, 6(1), 19-29 (in Thai).
Kaul, S., & Srivastava, PS. (2013). Micropropagation of Ajuga bracteosa, a medicinal herb. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 19(2), 289-296.
Kim, D. H., & Sivanessan, I. (2016). Influence of benzyladenine and thidiazuron on shoot regeneration from leaf and shoot tip explants of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 59, 1-6.
Khomdram, S., Salam, J., & Singh, P. K. (2011). Estimation of nutritive indies in eight Lamiaceae plants of Manipur. American Journal of Food Technology, 6(10), 924-931.
Klein, W. H. (1960). Plant Growth Substances. LJ Audus. Leonard Hill, London; (Eds.), (pp. 553). New York :Interscience.
Kumar, K., & Rao, I. U. (2012). Morphophysiologicals problems in acclimatization of micropropagated plants
in ex- vitro conditions-a review. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 2(4), 271-283.
Liu, C., Zhu, J., Liu, Z., Li, L., Pan, R., & Jin, L. (2002). Eogenenous auxin effects on growth and phenotype of normal and hairy root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Plant Growth Regulation, 38, 37-42.
Mehta, J., Naruka, R., Sain, M., Dwivedi, A., Sharma, D., & Mirza, J. (2012). An efficient protocol micropropagation of Mentha piperita L. (pipperment). Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2(4), 518-523.
Mokhtarzadeh, S., Hajyzadeh, M., Ahmad, H. A., & Khawar, K.M. (2013). The problems in acclimatization of
in vitro multiplied plants of Lavandula angustifolia Miller. under field condition. In Proc. 5th IS
on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants. (pp. 71-76). Belgium :
Acta Horticulturae.
Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15(3), 473-497.
Nordine, A., Bousta, D., Khanchoufi, A. E., & Meskaoui, A. E. (2013). An efficient and rapid in vitro propagation system of Thymus hyemalis Lange, A wild medicinal and aromatic plant of Mediterranean region. International Journal of Pharma Bioscience and Technology, 1(3), 118-129.
Oluk, A. E., & Cakir, A. (2009). Micropropagation of Origanum sipyleum L., an endemic medicinal herb of Turkey. African Jounal of Biotechnology, 8(21), 5769-5772.
Prakash, S., & Van Staden, J. (2007). Micropropaation of Hoslundia opposita vahl-a valuable medicinal plant. South African Journal of Botany, 73, 60-63.
Raja, H. D., & Arockiasamy, D. I. (2008). In vitro propagation of Mentha virids L. from nodal and shoot tip explant. Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology, 18(1), 1-6.
Saha, S., Dey, T., & Ghosh, P. (2010). Micropropagation of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke (Labiatae).
ACTA Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 52(2), 50-58.
Saha, S., Kader, A., Sengupta, C., & Ghosh, P. (2012). In vitro propagation of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) and Its evaluation of genetic fidelity using RAPD marker. American Journal of Plant Science, 3, 64-74.
Saha, S., Adhikari, S., Dey, T., & Ghosh, P. (2016). RAPD and ISSR based evaluation of genetic stability of micropropagated plantlets of Morus alba L. variety S-1. Meta Gene, 7, 7-15.
Schmülling, T. (2004). Cytokinin. In W. Lennarz, & M.D. Lane. (Eds.), Encyclopedia, Biological, Chemistry. (pp. 1-7). Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
Siddique, I., & Anis, M. (2008). An improved plant regeneration system and ex vitro acclimatization of
Ocimum basilicum L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30, 493-499.
Srikum, C., Dheeranupattana, S., Chotikadachanarong, K., Rotarayanont, S., & Inta, A. (2018). The effect of chloride on alleviation of in vitro shoot tip necrosis of Elsholtzia stachyodes. Burapha Science Journal, 23(3), 1770-1778 (in Thai).
Tawfik, A. A., & Mohamed, M. (2007). Regeneraton of salvia (Salvia officinalis L.) via induction of meristematic callus. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 43(1), 21-27.
Trisonthi, C., & Trisonthi, P. (2009). Ethnobotanical study in Thailand, and case study in Khun Yuam district Maehongson province. Thai Journal of Botany, 1(1), 1–23. (in Thai).
Tyub, A., & Kamili, A. N. (2008). Enhanced axillary shoot proliferation in Ocimum sanctum Linn. via shoot tip culture using various concentrations of BAP. Journal of Research & Development, 8, 80-85.
Yimam, T. (2018). Effect of solid and liquid media on in vitro propagation of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke)(Agnew). Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 8(3), 23-28.
Zuzarte, M. R., Dinis, A. M., Cavaleiro, C., Salgueiro, L. R., & Canhoto, J. M. (2010). Trichomes, essential oil and
in vitro propogation of Lavandula pedunculata (Lamiaceae). Industrial Crops and Products, 32, 580-587.
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2020-01-08
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