Optimization of Total Phenolic from Euphoria longana Lam. Seed by Microwave Assisted Extraction
Abstract
Longan (Euphoria longana Lam) is economic fruit of northern Thailand which the seed of it is a waste of industry of longan in syrup. The seeds of longan found the phenolic compound which it has pharmaceutical properties as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic. The 15 runs, Box-Behken Design by response surface method was used to determine the optimization of total phenolic from longan seeds by microwave-assisted extraction. Factors of ethanol proportion (40-60 %v/v), microwave power (450-700 W), and extraction time (180-240 second) were studied. The statistical analysis indicated that polynomial equation was selected to predict the optimization of total phenolic from longan seeds by microwave-assisted extraction. The highest yield of total phenolic from longan seeds (64.952±0.556 mgGAE/gDW) was found at 50 %v/v of ethanol proportion, 700 W of microwave power and 211 second of extraction time. This study contributes to increase the value of agricultural waste of longan to be used as ingredients for the development of cosmetics and functional foods. Keywords : Euphoria longana Lam, phenolic, microwave assisted extraction, response surface methodReferences
Alara, O. R., Abdurahman, N. H., Ukaegbu, C. I., & Azhari, N. H. (2018). Vernonia cinerea leaves as the source of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and anti-diabetic activity using microwave-assisted extraction technique. Industrial Crops & Products, 122, 533-544.
Dahmoune, F., Spigno, G., Moussi, K., Remini , H., Cherbal, A., & Madani , K. (2014). Pistacia lentiscus leaves as a source of phenolic compounds:Microwave-assisted extraction optimized and compared with ultrasound-assisted and conventional solvent extraction. Industrial Crops and Products, 61, 31-40.
Garofulic, I. E., Uzelac, V. D., Jambrak, A. R., & Jukic, M. (2013). The effect of microwave assisted extraction on the isolation of anthocyanins and phenolic acids from sour cherry Marasca (Prunus cerasus var. Marasca). Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 437-442.
Hayat, K., Zhang, X., Farooq, U., Abbas, S., Xia, S., Jia, C., Zhong, F., & Zhang, J. (2010). Effect of microwave treatment on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of citrus mandarin pomace. Food Chemistry, 123, 423-429.
Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., Naphrom, D., Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-Alongkorn, W., Chattraku, A., Roygrong, S. (2007). The Plant-Physiological Basis of Flower Induction in the Control of Fruit Production. Sustainable Land Use in Mountainous Regions of Southeast Asia , 110-119.
Hu, B., Zhou, K., Liu, Y., Liu, A., Zhang, Q., Han, G., Liu, S., Yang, Y., Zhu, Y., & Zhu, D. (2018). Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of oil from tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) and its quality evaluation. Industrial Crops & Products, 115, 290-297.
Izadifar, M., & Baik, O. D. (2008). Dielectric properties of a packed bed of the rhizome of P. Peltatum with an ethanol/water solution for radio frequency-assisted extraction of podophyllotoxin. Biosystems Engineering, 100(3), 376-388.
Li, H., Deng, Z., Wu, T., Liu, R., Loewen, S., & Tsao, R. (2012). Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolics with maximal antioxidant activities in tomatoes. Food Chemistry, 130(4), 928-936.
Manochai, P., Jaroenkit, T., Ussahatanonta, S., Ongprasert, S., & Kativat, B. (2010). Seasonal effect of potassium chlorate on flowering and yield of longan (Dimocarpus longan lour.). Acta Horticulturae, 363-366.
Narkprasom, K., Varith, J., Upara, U., Thanongkankit, Y., & Narkprasom, N. (2017). Optimized Extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn Using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). KKU Science Journal, 45, 328-342.(in Thai)
Narkprasom, N., Narkprasom, K., & Upara, U. (2015). Optimization of Total Phenolic from Cleistocalyx nervosum by Microwave-Assisted Extraction. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(3),
302-309.
Nouri, L., Nafchi, A. M., & Karim, A. A. (2014). Phytochemical, antioxidant,antibacterial,and alpha-amylase inhibitory properties of different extracts from betel leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 47-52.
Prasad, K. N., Yang, E., Yi, C., Zhao, M., & Jiang, Y. (2009). Effects of high pressure extraction on the extraction yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of longan fruit pericarp. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 10, 155-159.
Routray, W., & Orsat, V. (2014). MAE of phenolic compounds from blueberry leaves and comparison with other extraction methods. Industrial Crops and Products, 58, 36-45.
Setyaningsih, W., Saputro, I. E., Palma, M., & Barroso, C. G. (2015). Optimisation and validation of the microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from rice grains. Food Chemistry, 169, 141-149.
Song, J., Li, D., Liu, C., & Zhang, Y. (2011). Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of total phenolics (TP) from Ipomoea batatas leaves and its antioxidant activity. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 12, 282-287.
Sudjaroen, Y., Hull, W. E., Erben, G., Würtele, G., Changbumrung, S., Ulrich, C. M., & Owen, R. W. (2012). Isolation and characterization of ellagitannins as the major polyphenolic components of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) seeds. Phytochemistry, 77, 226-237.
Terigar, B. G., Balasubramanian, S., & Boldor, D. (2010). An analysis of the microwave dielectric properties of solvent-oil feedstock mixtures at 300–3000 MHz. Bioresource Technology, 101, 6510-6516.
Torres, C. L., Rojas, R., Serna, L. C., Belmares, R. C., & Aguilar, C. N. (2017). Extraction of antioxidants from mango seed kernel: Optimization assisted by microwave. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 105,
188-196.
Yang, B., Jiang, Y., Shi, J., Chen, F., & Ashraf, M. (2011). Extraction and pharmacological properties of bioactive
compounds from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit - A review. Food Research International, 44,
1837-1842.
Zheng, G., Xu, L., Wu, P., Xie, H., Jiang, Y., Chen, F., & Wei, X. (2009). Polyphenols from longan seeds and their radical-scavenging activity. Food Chemistry, 116, 433-436.
Dahmoune, F., Spigno, G., Moussi, K., Remini , H., Cherbal, A., & Madani , K. (2014). Pistacia lentiscus leaves as a source of phenolic compounds:Microwave-assisted extraction optimized and compared with ultrasound-assisted and conventional solvent extraction. Industrial Crops and Products, 61, 31-40.
Garofulic, I. E., Uzelac, V. D., Jambrak, A. R., & Jukic, M. (2013). The effect of microwave assisted extraction on the isolation of anthocyanins and phenolic acids from sour cherry Marasca (Prunus cerasus var. Marasca). Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 437-442.
Hayat, K., Zhang, X., Farooq, U., Abbas, S., Xia, S., Jia, C., Zhong, F., & Zhang, J. (2010). Effect of microwave treatment on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of citrus mandarin pomace. Food Chemistry, 123, 423-429.
Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., Naphrom, D., Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-Alongkorn, W., Chattraku, A., Roygrong, S. (2007). The Plant-Physiological Basis of Flower Induction in the Control of Fruit Production. Sustainable Land Use in Mountainous Regions of Southeast Asia , 110-119.
Hu, B., Zhou, K., Liu, Y., Liu, A., Zhang, Q., Han, G., Liu, S., Yang, Y., Zhu, Y., & Zhu, D. (2018). Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of oil from tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) and its quality evaluation. Industrial Crops & Products, 115, 290-297.
Izadifar, M., & Baik, O. D. (2008). Dielectric properties of a packed bed of the rhizome of P. Peltatum with an ethanol/water solution for radio frequency-assisted extraction of podophyllotoxin. Biosystems Engineering, 100(3), 376-388.
Li, H., Deng, Z., Wu, T., Liu, R., Loewen, S., & Tsao, R. (2012). Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolics with maximal antioxidant activities in tomatoes. Food Chemistry, 130(4), 928-936.
Manochai, P., Jaroenkit, T., Ussahatanonta, S., Ongprasert, S., & Kativat, B. (2010). Seasonal effect of potassium chlorate on flowering and yield of longan (Dimocarpus longan lour.). Acta Horticulturae, 363-366.
Narkprasom, K., Varith, J., Upara, U., Thanongkankit, Y., & Narkprasom, N. (2017). Optimized Extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn Using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). KKU Science Journal, 45, 328-342.(in Thai)
Narkprasom, N., Narkprasom, K., & Upara, U. (2015). Optimization of Total Phenolic from Cleistocalyx nervosum by Microwave-Assisted Extraction. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(3),
302-309.
Nouri, L., Nafchi, A. M., & Karim, A. A. (2014). Phytochemical, antioxidant,antibacterial,and alpha-amylase inhibitory properties of different extracts from betel leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 47-52.
Prasad, K. N., Yang, E., Yi, C., Zhao, M., & Jiang, Y. (2009). Effects of high pressure extraction on the extraction yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of longan fruit pericarp. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 10, 155-159.
Routray, W., & Orsat, V. (2014). MAE of phenolic compounds from blueberry leaves and comparison with other extraction methods. Industrial Crops and Products, 58, 36-45.
Setyaningsih, W., Saputro, I. E., Palma, M., & Barroso, C. G. (2015). Optimisation and validation of the microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from rice grains. Food Chemistry, 169, 141-149.
Song, J., Li, D., Liu, C., & Zhang, Y. (2011). Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of total phenolics (TP) from Ipomoea batatas leaves and its antioxidant activity. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 12, 282-287.
Sudjaroen, Y., Hull, W. E., Erben, G., Würtele, G., Changbumrung, S., Ulrich, C. M., & Owen, R. W. (2012). Isolation and characterization of ellagitannins as the major polyphenolic components of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) seeds. Phytochemistry, 77, 226-237.
Terigar, B. G., Balasubramanian, S., & Boldor, D. (2010). An analysis of the microwave dielectric properties of solvent-oil feedstock mixtures at 300–3000 MHz. Bioresource Technology, 101, 6510-6516.
Torres, C. L., Rojas, R., Serna, L. C., Belmares, R. C., & Aguilar, C. N. (2017). Extraction of antioxidants from mango seed kernel: Optimization assisted by microwave. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 105,
188-196.
Yang, B., Jiang, Y., Shi, J., Chen, F., & Ashraf, M. (2011). Extraction and pharmacological properties of bioactive
compounds from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit - A review. Food Research International, 44,
1837-1842.
Zheng, G., Xu, L., Wu, P., Xie, H., Jiang, Y., Chen, F., & Wei, X. (2009). Polyphenols from longan seeds and their radical-scavenging activity. Food Chemistry, 116, 433-436.
Downloads
Published
2019-01-10
Issue
Section
Research Article
