Animal Welfare of Arthropod Crustaceans for Research and other Scientific Purposes
Abstract
The concept of ‘health’ and ‘welfare’ in human and animals are more widely discussed. In invertebrates, Arthropod crustacean has a complex cognitive ability for experience of pain and suffering. Decapod crustaceans also have the cognitive capacity to remember, and learn for eliminating unpleasant stimuli. However, many species of decapod, especially in shrimp, they have complexity of pain response behavior as described in crab and lobster. These crustaceans have been assigned in Category 1 status—animals who are able to experience pain and distress, recommended by Technical Expert Working Group (TEWG). Regarding to the animal welfare, the animal should be performed by humane killing. The principle of three R’s (including replacement, reduction, and refinement) can be applied for all experimental and scientific procedure to reducing animal suffering. Based on literature reviews, this article presents the process for appropriate animal treatment leading to unconsciousness and humanely death. Keywords : crustacean, animal welfare, animal care, humaneReferences
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Appel, M. & Elwood, R.W. (2009a). Motivational trade-offs and potential pain experience in hermit crabs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 119(1–2), 120–124.
Appel, M. & Elwood, R.W. (2009b). Gender differences, responsiveness and memory of a potentially painful event in hermit crabs. Animal Behaviour, 78(6), 1373–1379.
Barr, S., Laming, P.R., Dick, J.T.A. & Elwood, R.W. (2008). Nociception or pain in a decapod crustacean? Animal Behaviour, 75, 745–751.
Bateson, P. (1991). Assessment of pain in animals. Animal Behaviour, 42, 827-839.
Beatty, S.J., Morgan, D.L. & Gill, H.S. (2004). Biology of a translocated population of the large freshwater crayfish, Cherax Cainii Austin & Ryan, 2002 in a Western Australian river. Crustaceana, 77(11),
1329–1351.
Broom, D.M. (2007). Cognitive ability and sentience: which aquatic animals should be protected?. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 75, 99–108.
Chang, E.S. (2005). Stressed-out lobsters: Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and stress proteins. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45, 43-50.
Cottee, S.Y. (2012). Are fish the victims of ‘speciesism’? A discussion about fear, pain and animal consciousness. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(1), 5–15.
Davidson, G.W. & Hosking, W.W. (2004). Development of a method for alleviating leg loss during post-harvest handling of rock lobsters, project 2000/251, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation & Geraldton Fishermen’s Cooperative, Geraldton.
Elwood, R.W. (2011). Pain and suffering in invertebrates?. ILAR Journal, 152(2), 175–184.
Elwood, R.W. (2012). Evidence for pain in decapod crustaceans. Animal Welfare, 21(S2), 23–27.
Elwood, R.W. & Appel, M. (2009). Pain experience in hermit crabs?. Animal Behaviour, 77, 1243–1246.
Elwood, R.W., Barr, S., & Patterson, L. (2009). Pain and stress in crustaceans?. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 118, 128-136.
European Food Safety Authority (2005). Opinion on the ‘Aspects of the biology and welfare of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes’. EFSA Journal, 292, 1–46.
European Union. (2007). Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty of the European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed in Lisbon on 13 December 2007. Official Journal of the European Union, 306, I-271.
Gregory, N.G. (2005). Recent concerns about stunning and slaughter. Meat Science, 70, 481-91.
Goodman, M.B. (2003). Sensation is painless. Trends in Neurosciences, 26, 643-645.
Hwang, R.Y., Zhong, L., Xu, L., Johnson, T., Zhang, F., Deisseroth, K., & Tracey, W.D. (2007). Nociceptive neurons protect Drosophila larvae from parasitoid wasps. Current Biology, 17, 2105-2116.
Johnston, C. & Jungalwalla, P. (2005). Aquatic Animal Welfare Guidelines: Guidelines on welfare of fish and crustaceans in aquaculture and/or in live holding systems for human consumption. National Aquaculture Council, Inc. Curtin ACT 2605 Australia. 45 pp.
Kawai, N., Kono, R., & Sugimoto, S. (2004). Avoidance learning in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) depends on the predatory imminence of the unconditioned stimulus: A behavior systems approach to learning in invertebrates. Behavioural Brain Research, 150, 229-237.
Machin, K.L. (1999). Amphibian pain and analgesia. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 30, 2-10.
Magee, B. & Elwood, R.W. (2012). Shock avoidance by discrimination learning in the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) is consistent with a key criterion for pain. Journal of Experimental Biology, 216, 353–358.
Mather J.A. & Anderson R.C. (2007). Ethics and invertebrates: a cephalopod perspective. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 75, 119–129.
Nicks, B. & Vandenheede, M. (2014). Animal health and welfare: equivalent or complementary?. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 33(1), 97-101.
One Health Initiative. (2013). The One Health Initiative: mission statement. Retrieved September 14, 2017, from http://www.onehealthinitiative.com/ mission.php.
Patterson, L., Dick, J.T.A., & Elwood, R.W. (2007). Physiological stress responses in the edible crab Cancer pagurus to the fi shery practice of de-clawing. Marine Biology, 152, 265-272.
Roth, B. & Øines, S. (2010). Stunning and killing of edible crabs (Cancer pagurus). Animal Welfare, 19(3), 287–294.
RSPCA UK. (2017). Humane electrical stun/killing of Crustacea. Retrieved September 14, 2017, from http://www.rspca.org.uk.
RSPCA Australia. (2017). Humane killing and processing of crustaceans for human consumption. Retrieved September 14, 2017, from http://www.rspca.org.au.
Sherwin, C.M. (2001). Can invertebrates suffer? Or how robust is argument by analogy?. Animal Welfare, 10, S103-S118.
Smith, J.A. (1991). A question of pain in invertebrates. ILAR Journal, 33, 25-31.
Sneddon, L.U. (2009). Pain perception in fish: Indicators and endpoints. ILAR Journal, 50, 338-342.
Sneddon, L.U., Braithwaite, V.A., & Gentle, M.J. (2003). Do fishes have nociceptors? Evidence for the evolution of a vertebrate sensory system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 270, 1115-1121.
Tanapongpipat, K. (2012). Protection of animals for education & experiment in Thailand. AUL, August(III), 191-220. (in Thai)
Tangkrock-olan, N. (2007). Biology of Crustacean. O.S. Printing House. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Tobin, D.M. & Bargmann, C.I. (2004). Invertebrate nociception: Behaviors, neurons and molecules. Journal of Neurobiology, 61, 161-174.
Tseng, Y.-C., Xiong, Y.L., Webster, C.D., Thompson, K.R., & Muzinic, L.A. (2002). Quality changes in Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, stored at 0 °C. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 12(4), 53–66.
Yue, S. (2008). The welfare of crustaceans at slaughter. An HSUS Report: Humane Society of the United States, 1–10.
Appel, M. & Elwood, R.W. (2009a). Motivational trade-offs and potential pain experience in hermit crabs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 119(1–2), 120–124.
Appel, M. & Elwood, R.W. (2009b). Gender differences, responsiveness and memory of a potentially painful event in hermit crabs. Animal Behaviour, 78(6), 1373–1379.
Barr, S., Laming, P.R., Dick, J.T.A. & Elwood, R.W. (2008). Nociception or pain in a decapod crustacean? Animal Behaviour, 75, 745–751.
Bateson, P. (1991). Assessment of pain in animals. Animal Behaviour, 42, 827-839.
Beatty, S.J., Morgan, D.L. & Gill, H.S. (2004). Biology of a translocated population of the large freshwater crayfish, Cherax Cainii Austin & Ryan, 2002 in a Western Australian river. Crustaceana, 77(11),
1329–1351.
Broom, D.M. (2007). Cognitive ability and sentience: which aquatic animals should be protected?. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 75, 99–108.
Chang, E.S. (2005). Stressed-out lobsters: Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and stress proteins. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45, 43-50.
Cottee, S.Y. (2012). Are fish the victims of ‘speciesism’? A discussion about fear, pain and animal consciousness. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(1), 5–15.
Davidson, G.W. & Hosking, W.W. (2004). Development of a method for alleviating leg loss during post-harvest handling of rock lobsters, project 2000/251, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation & Geraldton Fishermen’s Cooperative, Geraldton.
Elwood, R.W. (2011). Pain and suffering in invertebrates?. ILAR Journal, 152(2), 175–184.
Elwood, R.W. (2012). Evidence for pain in decapod crustaceans. Animal Welfare, 21(S2), 23–27.
Elwood, R.W. & Appel, M. (2009). Pain experience in hermit crabs?. Animal Behaviour, 77, 1243–1246.
Elwood, R.W., Barr, S., & Patterson, L. (2009). Pain and stress in crustaceans?. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 118, 128-136.
European Food Safety Authority (2005). Opinion on the ‘Aspects of the biology and welfare of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes’. EFSA Journal, 292, 1–46.
European Union. (2007). Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty of the European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed in Lisbon on 13 December 2007. Official Journal of the European Union, 306, I-271.
Gregory, N.G. (2005). Recent concerns about stunning and slaughter. Meat Science, 70, 481-91.
Goodman, M.B. (2003). Sensation is painless. Trends in Neurosciences, 26, 643-645.
Hwang, R.Y., Zhong, L., Xu, L., Johnson, T., Zhang, F., Deisseroth, K., & Tracey, W.D. (2007). Nociceptive neurons protect Drosophila larvae from parasitoid wasps. Current Biology, 17, 2105-2116.
Johnston, C. & Jungalwalla, P. (2005). Aquatic Animal Welfare Guidelines: Guidelines on welfare of fish and crustaceans in aquaculture and/or in live holding systems for human consumption. National Aquaculture Council, Inc. Curtin ACT 2605 Australia. 45 pp.
Kawai, N., Kono, R., & Sugimoto, S. (2004). Avoidance learning in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) depends on the predatory imminence of the unconditioned stimulus: A behavior systems approach to learning in invertebrates. Behavioural Brain Research, 150, 229-237.
Machin, K.L. (1999). Amphibian pain and analgesia. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 30, 2-10.
Magee, B. & Elwood, R.W. (2012). Shock avoidance by discrimination learning in the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) is consistent with a key criterion for pain. Journal of Experimental Biology, 216, 353–358.
Mather J.A. & Anderson R.C. (2007). Ethics and invertebrates: a cephalopod perspective. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 75, 119–129.
Nicks, B. & Vandenheede, M. (2014). Animal health and welfare: equivalent or complementary?. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 33(1), 97-101.
One Health Initiative. (2013). The One Health Initiative: mission statement. Retrieved September 14, 2017, from http://www.onehealthinitiative.com/ mission.php.
Patterson, L., Dick, J.T.A., & Elwood, R.W. (2007). Physiological stress responses in the edible crab Cancer pagurus to the fi shery practice of de-clawing. Marine Biology, 152, 265-272.
Roth, B. & Øines, S. (2010). Stunning and killing of edible crabs (Cancer pagurus). Animal Welfare, 19(3), 287–294.
RSPCA UK. (2017). Humane electrical stun/killing of Crustacea. Retrieved September 14, 2017, from http://www.rspca.org.uk.
RSPCA Australia. (2017). Humane killing and processing of crustaceans for human consumption. Retrieved September 14, 2017, from http://www.rspca.org.au.
Sherwin, C.M. (2001). Can invertebrates suffer? Or how robust is argument by analogy?. Animal Welfare, 10, S103-S118.
Smith, J.A. (1991). A question of pain in invertebrates. ILAR Journal, 33, 25-31.
Sneddon, L.U. (2009). Pain perception in fish: Indicators and endpoints. ILAR Journal, 50, 338-342.
Sneddon, L.U., Braithwaite, V.A., & Gentle, M.J. (2003). Do fishes have nociceptors? Evidence for the evolution of a vertebrate sensory system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 270, 1115-1121.
Tanapongpipat, K. (2012). Protection of animals for education & experiment in Thailand. AUL, August(III), 191-220. (in Thai)
Tangkrock-olan, N. (2007). Biology of Crustacean. O.S. Printing House. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Tobin, D.M. & Bargmann, C.I. (2004). Invertebrate nociception: Behaviors, neurons and molecules. Journal of Neurobiology, 61, 161-174.
Tseng, Y.-C., Xiong, Y.L., Webster, C.D., Thompson, K.R., & Muzinic, L.A. (2002). Quality changes in Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, stored at 0 °C. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 12(4), 53–66.
Yue, S. (2008). The welfare of crustaceans at slaughter. An HSUS Report: Humane Society of the United States, 1–10.
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2018-01-23
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