Leaf Blade Anatomy of Ferns at Tham Jong Ang Waterfall, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Wang Nam Khieo District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province
Abstract
Leaf blade anatomical study of ferns at Tham Jong Ang Waterfall in Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Wang Nam Khieo District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province were conducted from May 2015 to April 2016. Eighteen species including fourteen genera and eight families were studied. The purpose of this research was to determine the vegetative anatomy for the identification of ferns. The specimens were investigated by leaf epidermal peeling or clearing and transverse sectioning of lamina and examination by light microscope. The generalized anatomical characteristics in all species studied are as follow: 1) epidermal cells are jigsaw-like or polygonal, anticlinal walls are straight, straight and slightly curve, rough and concave; 2) shapes of epidermal cell in transverse section are quadrangular or irregular, with 1-2 layers; 3) stomata are typical type, usually presence in the abaxial, stomatal index are 9.45-28.57 and the patterns of stoma are paracytic, polycytic, diacytic, anisocytic and anomocytic stomata; 4) trichomes are unicellular or multicellular trichomes; 5) some species are presence air space in the mesophyll; 6) mesophyll of most species studied consist of similarly palisade and spongy cells which presence more than one layer of irregular or globose in shapes; 7) shapes of main veins are curve on both sides, straight on both sides, straight on the upper and curve on the lower, v-shaped on the upper and curve on the lower and heart-shaped on the upper and curve on the lower; 8) vascular bundles in main veins are amphicribal bundle which phloem surrounding by xylem. Vascular bundle shapes are circular, triangular, oval and x-shaped with 1-3 vascular bundles; and 9) inclusions are red staining body and tannin. Using these characteristics an anatomical key was constructed to assist identification of the species. However, these anatomical characteristics are not shared between species in the family which cannot be used to support the classification. Keywords: leaf anatomy, fern, sakaerat environmental research stationReferences
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Smith, A.R., Pryer, K.M., Schuettpelz, E., Korall, P., Schneider, H. & Wolf, P.G. (2006). A classification of extant ferns. Taxon, 55, 705–731.
Smitinand, T., Phengkhlai, C., Chayanand, C., Phuphatanapong, L., Santisuk, T. & Reynolds, S. (1974). Flora of Sakaerat part one. Research project No. 27/1; Report No.18. Bangkok: Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research.
Stace, C.A. (1980). Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics. Edward Arnold, London.
Yongyut, T. (2010). Land use and forested landscape changes at Sakaerat Environmental Research Station in Nakhorn Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Bratislava, 29(1), 99-109.
Yongyut, T. & Prateep, D. (2011). Consequences of land use change on bird distribution at Sakaerat Environmental Research Station. Journal of Ecology and Field Biology, 34(2), 203-214.
Boonsanogn, C., Chumpol, K., Thaweesakdi, B. & Tosak, S. (2004). Floral Visitors and Fruit Set in Afgekia sericea Craib (Fabaceae). The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 4(2), 31-44.
Chaiyapo, S. (2003). Comparative microscopic characters of some fern species in the genus Thelypteris schmidel in Thailand. Master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Christenhusz, M.J.M. & Chase, M.W. (2014). Trends and concepts in fern classification. Annals of Botany, 113, 571–594.
Christenhusz, M.J.M., Zhang, X.C. & Schneider, H. (2011). A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa, 19, 7–54.
Johansen, D.A. (1940). Plant Microtechnique. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
Koichi, K., Tosporn, V., Sirin, T.,Chingchai, V., Suchat, N. & Bunnasart, D. (2002). Plant Species Diversity in Tropical Planted Forests and Implication for Restoration of Forest Ecosystems in Sakaerat, Northeastern Thailand. JARQ, 36(2), 111-118.
Kortnon, K. (2002). Comparative anatomy and spore morphology of the genus Pyrrosia mirbel in Thailand. Master’s thesis, Khon Kaen University. (in Thai)
Metcalfe, C.R. & Chalk, L. (1957). Anatomy of the Dicotyledon. Vol.1. Oxford University Press, London.
Niyomdee, C. & Boonkerd, T. (2013). A comparative study of the anatomical characters of some ferns from different habitats. Thai Journal of Botany, 5, 99-117. (in Thai)
Nopun, P., Traiperm, P., Boonkerd, T. & Jenjittikul, T. (2016). Systematic importance of rhizome stelar anatomy in selected Monilophytes from Thailand. Taiwania, 61(3), 175-184.
Pongkai, P. (2011). Taxonomic revision of fern genus Diplazium Sw. (Woodsiaceae) in Thailand. Master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Sandrine, L., Jiragorn, G. & François, M. (1998). Structure diversity in three forest types of north-eastern Thailand (Sakaerat Reserve, Pak Tong Chai). Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 2(3), 192-202.
Smith, A.R., Pryer, K.M., Schuettpelz, E., Korall, P., Schneider, H. & Wolf, P.G. (2006). A classification of extant ferns. Taxon, 55, 705–731.
Smitinand, T., Phengkhlai, C., Chayanand, C., Phuphatanapong, L., Santisuk, T. & Reynolds, S. (1974). Flora of Sakaerat part one. Research project No. 27/1; Report No.18. Bangkok: Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research.
Stace, C.A. (1980). Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics. Edward Arnold, London.
Yongyut, T. (2010). Land use and forested landscape changes at Sakaerat Environmental Research Station in Nakhorn Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Bratislava, 29(1), 99-109.
Yongyut, T. & Prateep, D. (2011). Consequences of land use change on bird distribution at Sakaerat Environmental Research Station. Journal of Ecology and Field Biology, 34(2), 203-214.
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2017-09-29
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