The Causing Factors of the Smog Phenomenon in Lampang Basin
Abstract
The objectives in this research about ‘the causing factors of the smog phenomenon in Lampang basin’ consist of: (1) to study and analyse the smoggy condition in Lampang Basin (2) To study the concerning factors including the amount of rainfalls, relative humidity, wind speed and exposed combustions that relate and affect the smoggy condition.The data that have been used in the analysis including the statistical data of the amount of rainfalls, relative humidity, and wind speed were acquired between 1st November 2014 to30th April 2015 from Lampang Meteorological Station. The statistical data of exposed combustions in the Lampang basin area are acquired from the Department of Natural Resources and Environment in Lampang. And the data of the amount of dust particles (PM10) in the atmosphere are acquired from the Pollution Control Department under the supervision of the Ministry of Natural Resources and environment. The statistics being used in the analysis are mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis.It has been found from the analysis of this study that: (1) The mean per 24 hour of the amount of PM10 in the atmosphere is 77.3326 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3) which is below the standard safety level of 120 µg/m3. The mean rose to its maximum level in March (x̄= 115.5161 µg/m3) followed by February (x̄= 107.8143 µg/m3), January (x̄= 69.5161µg/m3), April (x̄= 69.4367µg/m3) and November (x̄= 37.1600 µg/m3). (2) The analysis of pearson’s correlation coefficient results that every factor are significantly related to the smog phenomenon in Lampang basin (Y) at the level of .01. The positive affecting factors are: exposed combustions (X5) and wind speed (X4). And the negative affecting factors are: relative humidity (X2), air pressure (X3), and the amount of rainfalls (X1) (3) The stepwise multiple regression analysis results that the factor affecting the existence of smog phenomenon in Lampang basin is the relative humidity according to the following regression equation with standard score (Z) Y/ = -0.611X2which can predict the effect for 37.0% with the statistical significance at the level of .01. Keyword : smog phenomenon, Lampang basinReferences
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Wiphat Mankan. (2015). Physical Geography. Lampang Rajabhat Lampang University. (in thai)
William G. G & Roy L. D. (1993). Envinonmental science. Michigan: Delmar Publishers Inc.
William P. Cunningham and Mary Ann Cunningham. (2015). Environmental Science13th. New York: Mc Graw-
Hill International Edition.
Journal of Public Administation and Policy, 4(1), 72 - 105. (in thai)
Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (2015). Stategy/Method of Solving Wildfire and
smoggy problems in 2015. Bangkok, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.(in thai)
Derek Elsom. (1996). Smog Alert Managing Urban Air Quality. London: Earth Scan Publications Ltd.
Kasikorn Research Center.(2007). Smogy Problem in Northern Region : The 2,000 million Baths Effects on
Tourism and service business. Journal of Siam Commercial Bank Library, 1 – 4 , March. (in thai)
Meteological Department (2014) The Natural Catastophe in Thailand. Retrieved August 5, 2015 from
http//www.tmd.go.th:/info/risk.pdf.
Miller, G. T. (1992). Environmental Science. California: Wadaworth Publishing.
Ministry of Public Health. (2016).The strategic wacth for risk areas of air pollution from smogy.Integrate plan
of environments and health, Ministry of Public Health, 2015. . Retrieved August 5, 2015 from
from http//enhealthplan. Anamai.Moph.go.th/download/document/211257/smog%2014-1-58pdf. (in thai)
Ni-orn Sirimongkollertkul and Sureerut Kongvee. (2014). Factors affecting in the Choice of Plantation; Maize
Cultivation; Wawee Sub-District. FEU Academic Review. 8(1). (in thai)
Pakpong Pochanart. (2012). Air pollution and long-range transport in Asia : East Asia. Journal of Environment
Management, 8(1), 57-77. (in thai)
Public Relations Department.(2014) .Tactic of Wildfire and Smoggy Solution in 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2015
from from http://wwwthainews.prd centerweb/newsdetial?NT01_NewsID=TNDAT5703100010006. (in thai)
Scott Ralph C. (1989). Physical Geography. Newyork: West Publishing Company.
Strahler Arther N. (1987). Modern Physical Geography. (3thed). Newyork Johnwilly & sons.William G. G &Roy
Taweesak Chaikomseub. (2007). Smoggy Situation in Northern Part of Thailand. Chiangmai,Bank of Thailand
North Region office. (in thai)
Veerapong Harnrin. (2016). Unit 7th, “Air Pollution”. Retrieved, May 28, 2016, from http://www.elearning.msu.ac.th/
Open source/0707%20307/document/7.doc. (in thai)
Wijarn Simachaya.(2014). Air Pollution form Smog in Northern Region: Problem and Methods of Solving
Conference Sheet “Global Warming Crisis, Smoggy Pollution and Catastophe Natural Resource s
and Environment Committee, Cabinet Couci. (in thai)
Wijarn Simachaya.(2012). Problem and Method of Getting Rid of Smoggy Pollution and Wildfire in Northern
region”.
Report on Academic Conference on Natural Resources and environment, 2nd.. Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment. (in thai)
Wiphat Mankan. (2015). Physical Geography. Lampang Rajabhat Lampang University. (in thai)
William G. G & Roy L. D. (1993). Envinonmental science. Michigan: Delmar Publishers Inc.
William P. Cunningham and Mary Ann Cunningham. (2015). Environmental Science13th. New York: Mc Graw-
Hill International Edition.
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Published
2017-02-16
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