Production of Hollow Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Blocks from Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer
Abstract
This research aimed to study the effects of aggregate content, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations and curing temperature on compressive strength and water absorption of geopolymer concrete block. The geopolymer concrete block were prepared from Mae Moh fly ash with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions. The molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 was kept constant and concentration of NaOH was varied at 12, 14, 16, and 18 molar. The ratio of 1:4 (S), 1:6 (M) and 1:8 (L) by weight of fly ash : dust limestone were used as an aggregate. The geopolymer concrete block were prepared by using the Cinva-Ram machine. The samples were air cured at room temperature (25oC) and 65oC for 24 hours and continuous curing until the age test in air. The geopolymer concrete block was tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. In addition, water absorption of geopolymer concrete block was tested at 28 days. The results showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete block increase with the increase in NaOH concentration and curing temperature. The water absorption of geopolymer concrete block is low with the concrete of high compressive strength. An increase in amount of aggregate as high as M (the ratio of 1:6 by weight of fly ash : dust limestone) result in increased compressive strength; however, the compressive strength was found to decrease when using high amount of aggregate L (the ratio of 1:8 by weight of fly ash : dust limestone). In addition, high temperature curing has more effective on increasing of compressive strength in geopolymer concretThis research aimed to study the effects of aggregate content, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations and curing temperature on compressive strength and water absorption of geopolymer concrete block. The geopolymer concrete block were prepared from Mae Moh fly ash with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions. The molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 was kept constant and concentration of NaOH was varied at 12, 14, 16, and 18 molar. The ratio of 1:4 (S), 1:6 (M) and 1:8 (L) by weight of fly ash : dust limestone were used as an aggregate. The geopolymer concrete block were prepared by using the Cinva-Ram machine. The samples were air cured at room temperature (25oC) and 65oC for 24 hours and continuous curing until the age test in air. The geopolymer concrete block was tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. In addition, water absorption of geopolymer concrete block was tested at 28 days. The results showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete block increase with the increase in NaOH concentration and curing temperature. The water absorption of geopolymer concrete block is low with the concrete of high compressive strength. An increase in amount of aggregate as high as M (the ratio of 1:6 by weight of fly ash : dust limestone) result in increased compressive strength; however, the compressive strength was found to decrease when using high amount of aggregate L (the ratio of 1:8 by weight of fly ash : dust limestone). In addition, high temperature curing has more effective on increasing of compressive strength in geopolymer concrete block with lower NaOH concentration than that with higher NaOH concentration.Key words : fly ash, geopolymer, load-bearing concrete masonry blocks, compressive strength, sodium hydroxide concentrationThis research aimed to study the effects of aggregate content, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations and curing temperature on compressive strength and water absorption of geopolymer concrete block. The geopolymer concrete block were prepared from Mae Moh fly ash with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions. The molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 was kept constant and concentration of NaOH was varied at 12, 14, 16, and 18 molar. The ratio of 1:4 (S), 1:6 (M) and 1:8 (L) by weight of fly ash : dust limestone were used as an aggregate. The geopolymer concrete block were prepared by using the Cinva-Ram machine. The samples were air cured at room temperature (25oC) and 65oC for 24 hours and continuous curing until the age test in air. The geopolymer concrete block was tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. In addition, water absorption of geopolymer concrete block was tested at 28 days. The results showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete block increase with the increase in NaOH concentration and curing temperature. The water absorption of geopolymer concrete block is low with the concrete of high compressive strength. An increase in amount of aggregate as high as M (the ratio of 1:6 by weight of fly ash : dust limestone) result in increased compressive strength; however, the compressive strength was found to decrease when using high amount of aggregate L (the ratio of 1:8 by weight of fly ash : dust limestone). In addition, high temperature curing has more effective on increasing of compressive strength in geopolymer concrete block with lower NaOH concentration than that with higher NaOH concentration.Key words : fly ash, geopolymer, load-bearing concrete masonry blocks, compressive strength, sodium hydroxide concentrationReferences
Anurag, M., Deepika, C., Namrata, J., Manish, K., Nidhi, S., & Durga, D., (2008). Effect of concentration of alkali liquid and curing time on strength and water absorption of geopolymer concrete. Eng Appl Sci, 3, 14-18.
ASTM C618. (1997). Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, fly ash, natural pozzolan, pozzolans. Annual Book of ASTM Standards; V. 04.01.
ASTM C127-88. (2001). Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate. Annual Book of ASTM Standards; V. 04.01.
ASTM C642-97. (2001). Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standards; V. 04.01.
Bakharev, T., (2005). Geopolymeric materials prepared using Class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1224-1232.
Chindaprasirt, P., Chalee, W., Jaturapitakkul, C., & Rattanasak, U., (2009). Comparative study on the characteristics of fly ash and bottom ash geopolymers. Waste Management, 29, 539-543.
Chindaprasirt, P., Rattanasak, U., & Taebuanhuad, S., (2013). Resistance to acid and sulfate solutions of microwave-assisted high calcium fly ash geopolymer. Materials and Structures, 46, 375-381.
Davidovits, J., (1991). Geopolymer inorganic polymeric new materials. J Therm Anal, 37, 1633-1659.
Gum Sung Ryu, Young Bok Lee, Kyung Taek Koh, & Young Soo Chung., (2013). The mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with alkaline activators. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 409-418.
Hanjitsuwan, S., Hunpratub, S., Thongbai, P., Maensiri, S., Sata, V., & Chindaprasirt, P., (2014). Effects of NaOH concentrations on physical and electrical properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer paste. Cement and Concrete Composites, 45, 9-14.
Huajun Zhu, Zuhua Zhang, Fenggan Deng, & Yalong Cao., (2013). The effects of phase changes on the bonding property of geopolymer to hydrated cement. Construction and Building Materials, 48, 124-130.
Joseph, B., & Mathew, G., (2012). Influence of aggregate content on the behavior of fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Scientia Iranica A 19, 1188–1194.
Palomo, A., Grutzek, MW., & Blanco, MT., (1999). Fracture behaviour of heat cured fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 1323-1329.
Rattanasak, U., & Chindaprasirt, P., (2009). Influence of Na(OH) solution on the synthesis of fly ash geopolymer. Miner Eng, 22, 1073-1078.
Sarker, K., AHaque, R., & Ramgolam, K., (2013). Fracture behaviour of heat cured fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Materials and Design, 44, 580-586.
Tangpagasit, J., Cheerarot, R., Jaturapitakkul, C., & Kiattikomol, K., (2005). Packing effect and pozzolanic reaction of fly ash in mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 1145-1151.
TIS 57-2533. (1990). Hollow load-bearing concrete masonry units. Thai Industrial Standard Institute, (7th) Bangkok, (in Thai)
TIS 58-2533. (1990). Hollow non-load-bearing concrete masonry units. Thai Industrial Standard Institute, (7th) Bangkok, (in Thai)
Rattanasak, U., Chalee, W., & Chindaprasirt, P., (2006). Study of Leaching of Lignite Fly Ash and Strength of
Fly Ash Based-Geopolymer. KMUTT Research and Development Journal, 29(4), 437-446. (in Thai)
ASTM C618. (1997). Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, fly ash, natural pozzolan, pozzolans. Annual Book of ASTM Standards; V. 04.01.
ASTM C127-88. (2001). Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate. Annual Book of ASTM Standards; V. 04.01.
ASTM C642-97. (2001). Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standards; V. 04.01.
Bakharev, T., (2005). Geopolymeric materials prepared using Class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1224-1232.
Chindaprasirt, P., Chalee, W., Jaturapitakkul, C., & Rattanasak, U., (2009). Comparative study on the characteristics of fly ash and bottom ash geopolymers. Waste Management, 29, 539-543.
Chindaprasirt, P., Rattanasak, U., & Taebuanhuad, S., (2013). Resistance to acid and sulfate solutions of microwave-assisted high calcium fly ash geopolymer. Materials and Structures, 46, 375-381.
Davidovits, J., (1991). Geopolymer inorganic polymeric new materials. J Therm Anal, 37, 1633-1659.
Gum Sung Ryu, Young Bok Lee, Kyung Taek Koh, & Young Soo Chung., (2013). The mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with alkaline activators. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 409-418.
Hanjitsuwan, S., Hunpratub, S., Thongbai, P., Maensiri, S., Sata, V., & Chindaprasirt, P., (2014). Effects of NaOH concentrations on physical and electrical properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer paste. Cement and Concrete Composites, 45, 9-14.
Huajun Zhu, Zuhua Zhang, Fenggan Deng, & Yalong Cao., (2013). The effects of phase changes on the bonding property of geopolymer to hydrated cement. Construction and Building Materials, 48, 124-130.
Joseph, B., & Mathew, G., (2012). Influence of aggregate content on the behavior of fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Scientia Iranica A 19, 1188–1194.
Palomo, A., Grutzek, MW., & Blanco, MT., (1999). Fracture behaviour of heat cured fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 1323-1329.
Rattanasak, U., & Chindaprasirt, P., (2009). Influence of Na(OH) solution on the synthesis of fly ash geopolymer. Miner Eng, 22, 1073-1078.
Sarker, K., AHaque, R., & Ramgolam, K., (2013). Fracture behaviour of heat cured fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Materials and Design, 44, 580-586.
Tangpagasit, J., Cheerarot, R., Jaturapitakkul, C., & Kiattikomol, K., (2005). Packing effect and pozzolanic reaction of fly ash in mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 1145-1151.
TIS 57-2533. (1990). Hollow load-bearing concrete masonry units. Thai Industrial Standard Institute, (7th) Bangkok, (in Thai)
TIS 58-2533. (1990). Hollow non-load-bearing concrete masonry units. Thai Industrial Standard Institute, (7th) Bangkok, (in Thai)
Rattanasak, U., Chalee, W., & Chindaprasirt, P., (2006). Study of Leaching of Lignite Fly Ash and Strength of
Fly Ash Based-Geopolymer. KMUTT Research and Development Journal, 29(4), 437-446. (in Thai)
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2016-06-21
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