Water Qualities and Sediment Qualities in the Offshore Shellfish Culture Areas in Sriracha District, Chonburi Province
Abstract
Water and sediment qualities in shellfish culture areas off the coast of Sriracha were investigated in October 2021 (inter-monsoon), January 2022 (northeast monsoon), May 2022 (inter-monsoon), and August 2022 (southwest monsoon). This study aims to monitor the overall environment around offshore shellfish culture areas in Sriracha and comprehend this effect. It was found that the general water qualities were within the standard for coastal aquaculture, except dissolved oxygen was below the threshold in October 2022 and May 2022. The average values of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and silicate were 39.54±30.71 µg-N/L, 11.54±10.74 µg-N/L, 12.86±11.46 µg-N/L, 21.41±11.78 µg-P/L, and 595.92±307.29 µg-Si/L, respectively. In October 2021, the concentrations of nitrite, orthophosphate, and silicate were highest in all observation periods. In May 2022, the highest levels of ammonia and nitrate were found. Silicate was high in all study periods caused by freshwater runoff and resuspension of the sediment along the coast. The nutrients in seawater increased by shellfish culture itself and from external sources by water inlet from Sukreep Canal and the south of the culture area. The organic matter was accumulated in the north of Koh Loy. Most of the sediment particles in the shellfish culture area were coarse sand that were larger than those in the areas without shellfish culture. Water content and total organic matter in the sediments were not significantly different from the surrounding area. This is due to the rapid rate of decomposition of organic matter and the good water exchange. Keywords : water quality ; seawater nutrients ; sediment quality ; shellfish culture ; SrirachaReferences
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Department of Fisheries - DOF. (2007). Mussel farming. (1). Bangkok: The Bureau of Fisheries Technology Development and Transfer. (in Thai)
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Srisunont, C., & Babel, S. (2015). Uptake, release, and absorption of nutrients into the marine environment by the green mussel (Perna viridis). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 97(1-2), 285-293.
Strickland, J.D.H. & Parsons, T.R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Ottawa: Fishery Research Board of Canada.
Tong-u-dom, S., Na Udom, T., & Buranaprateepat, A. (2019). Response of the hydrodynamic model to different open boundary conditions in the northern Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Science Burapha, 22(3), 259-272. (in Thai)
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Thomsen, J., Himmerkus, N., Holland, N., Sartoris, F.J., Bleich, M. & Tresguerres, M. (1977). Ammonia excretion in mytilid mussels is facilitated by ciliary beating. Journal of Experimental Biology, 219, 2300-2310.
Verardo, D., P.N. Froelich and A. McIntyre. 1990. Determination of organic carbon and nitrogen in marine sediments using the Carlo Erba NA–1500 Analyzer. Deep-Sea Res. 37(1), 157-165.
Vichkovitten, T., Intarachart, A., & Khaodon, K. (2017). Impact of green mussel (Perna viridis) raft-culture on benthic environment in Sriracha coastal water, Thailand. GMSARN Int J, 11, 116-122. (in Thai)
Wichakowitten, T. & Suksomchit, M. (2018). Effects of mussel culture (Perna viridis) as a rope raft on the amount of sediment and the environment of the seafloor sediment Sriracha bay area Chonburi Province. Journal of Science and Technology, 28(3), 495-510. (in Thai)
Yoosamran, C., Khantavong, A. & Rerrmdunri, S. (2006). Relationships between water qualities and phytoplankton
at Sriracha Bay, Chonburi province. In Full story The 44th Kasetsart University Academic Conference: Fisheries Branch. Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
American Public Health Association - APHA. (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th Ed.). American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation, Washington DC., USA.
Chankaew, S. (2017). Ammonium Removal Efficiency by Heterotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Thesis Master of Science (Aquatic Science). Prince of Songkhla University. (in Thai)
Department of Fisheries - DOF. (2007). Mussel farming. (1). Bangkok: The Bureau of Fisheries Technology Development and Transfer. (in Thai)
Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K. & Ehrhardt, M. (1999). Methods of Seawater Analysis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. Hangsapruek, M. (1989). Chemical Oceanography. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press. (in Thai)
Harvey, H.W. (1995). The Chemistry and Fertility of Sea Water. London: Cambridge University Press.
Kanlapaphruek, S. & Kulabtong, R. (2013). Application of bivalves in water quality management. Veridian E-Journal, Silpakorn University (Humanities, Social Sciences and arts), 6(3), 846-859. (in Thai)
Khaodon, K., Intarachart, A., & Joeraket, W. (2011). Some aspects of sediment quality in eastern coast of the gulf of Thailand. In Proceedings of 49th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Natural Resources and Environment. (pp.175-182). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Marboon, M., Meksamphan, S., Thawonsode, N., & Meksumpun, C. (2017). Distribution of Nutrients in the Gulf of Thailand. In Full story The 55th Kasetsart University Academic Conference: Fisheries Branch.
(pp.686-693). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Meksamphan, S. (2015). Physiology and ecology of marine phytoplankton. Bangkok: Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Meksumpun, S., Srisomwong, J., & Meksumpun, C. (2003). Potential of shellfish culture areas at Wain estuary Chantburi and Trat provinces. Proceedings of 41th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Fisheries. (pp. 220-228). Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Peng-ngeiw, P., Jaritkhuan, S. & Tunkijjanukij, S. (2021). Effect of Green Mussel Raft Culture to Total Organic Matter (TOM) and Flux of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) in Sriracha Bay, Chon Buri Province. Journal of Science Burapha, 26(1), 270-284.
Ritnim, N. (2011). Assessment of production of benthic fauna resource in Tha Chin estuary, Samut Sakorn province, Thailand. Thesis Master of Science (Fisheries Science). Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Srisunont, C., & Babel, S. (2015). Uptake, release, and absorption of nutrients into the marine environment by the green mussel (Perna viridis). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 97(1-2), 285-293.
Strickland, J.D.H. & Parsons, T.R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Ottawa: Fishery Research Board of Canada.
Tong-u-dom, S., Na Udom, T., & Buranaprateepat, A. (2019). Response of the hydrodynamic model to different open boundary conditions in the northern Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Science Burapha, 22(3), 259-272. (in Thai)
Thai Meteorological Department –TMD. (2020). Average Weather and Average monthly rainfall in Chonburi and Province. Bangkok
Thomsen, J., Himmerkus, N., Holland, N., Sartoris, F.J., Bleich, M. & Tresguerres, M. (1977). Ammonia excretion in mytilid mussels is facilitated by ciliary beating. Journal of Experimental Biology, 219, 2300-2310.
Verardo, D., P.N. Froelich and A. McIntyre. 1990. Determination of organic carbon and nitrogen in marine sediments using the Carlo Erba NA–1500 Analyzer. Deep-Sea Res. 37(1), 157-165.
Vichkovitten, T., Intarachart, A., & Khaodon, K. (2017). Impact of green mussel (Perna viridis) raft-culture on benthic environment in Sriracha coastal water, Thailand. GMSARN Int J, 11, 116-122. (in Thai)
Wichakowitten, T. & Suksomchit, M. (2018). Effects of mussel culture (Perna viridis) as a rope raft on the amount of sediment and the environment of the seafloor sediment Sriracha bay area Chonburi Province. Journal of Science and Technology, 28(3), 495-510. (in Thai)
Yoosamran, C., Khantavong, A. & Rerrmdunri, S. (2006). Relationships between water qualities and phytoplankton
at Sriracha Bay, Chonburi province. In Full story The 44th Kasetsart University Academic Conference: Fisheries Branch. Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
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Published
2023-05-11
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