Effect of Cyanobacteria Limnothrix Strain LmTK01 on the Survival Rate of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Factors Effected on LmTK01 Growth
Abstract
Cyanobacteria Limnothrix strain LmTK01 is a recently discovered cyanobacteria in Pacific white shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei), which causes shrimp production decrease. The morphology of LmTK01 is similar to cyanobacteria genus Limnothrix. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of LmTK01 on the survival rate of shrimp (L. vannamei) and the factors of temperature, pH and salinity effected by LmTK01 growth. Algae LmTK01 were isolated from shrimp water culture during its blooming in the shrimp ponds. Algae were stocked in sterilization liquid BG-11 medium under light intensity 2,000 - 3,000 lux in a light: dark cycle, 12h: 12h. Different density of LmTK01 (336.17, 703.70 and 1,390.63 µg Chl-a/L) were inoculated with 0.18 ± 0.05 g of shrimp in the individual 500 mL of seawater for 96 hours. Water quality and survival rate of shrimp were measured every 6 hours. Results showed that shrimp died in over 50% of all treatments were inoculated with LmTK01. Algae LmTK01 showed the stress effect on shrimp directly and indirectly. The direct cause was algae clogging at the shrimp’s gill and gastrointestinal tract, which interferes with the shrimp's breathing and digestion, while the indirect cause was changing in water quality, such as an increase in the pH value. These results caused the shrimp become to stressed, weak and eventually die. Moreover, it was found that LmTK01 could grow well in a temperature of 28.00 °C, pH 7- 8 and salinity 0 - 30 ppt. Therefore, these results indicated that LmTK01 showed a significantly bad effect on the survival rate of shrimp, resulting in loss of shrimp production.Keywords : Cyanobacteria; Pacific white shrimp; Water qualityReferences
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Boyd, C.E. & Tucker, C.S. (1992). Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Alabama: Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University.
Buck, D.P. & Smith, G.D. (1995). Evidence for a Na+/ H+ electrogenic antiporter in an alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Synechocystis. FEMS Microbiology Letter, 128(3), 315-320.
Davis, T.W., Berry D.L., Boyer, G.L. & Gobler, C.J. (2009). The effects of temperature and nutrients on the growth and dynamics of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during cyanobacteria blooms. Harmful Algae, 8(5), 715-725.
Fang, F., Gao, Y., Gan, L., He, X. & Yang, L.J. (2018). Effects of different initial pH and irradiance levels on cyanobacterial colonies from Lake Taihu, China. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30(3), 1777-1793.
Figler, A., Viktória, B., Dobronoki, D., Márton, K., Nagy, A.S. & Bácsi, I. (2019). Salt Tolerance and Desalination Abilities of Nine Common Green Microalgae Isolates. Water, 11(12), 2527.
Galanti, N.L., Amé, V.M. & Wunderlin, A.D. (2013). Accumulation and detoxification dynamic of cyanotoxins in the freshwater shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus. Harmful Algae, 27, 88-97.
Golda, L.R. (2017). Assessing the influence of environmental pH on algal physiology using a novel culture system. United States: Oregon Health and Science University.
Jagadeesan, K., Raja, S. & Sampath, K. (2012). Studies on effect of salinity on the culture of algal forms (Oscillatoria spp. and Chaetomorpha sp.) and their impact on shrimp (Penaeus indicus) culture. New Vistas in Indian Aquaculture - Book of Abstracts, 1045, 85.
Keawtawee T. (2014). Using the specific bacteria for controlling the blue green algae blooms strain Osci-TK01 in a shrimp farm, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, 2014. (in Thai)
Keawtawee, T., Fukami, K., Songsangjinda, P. & Muangyao, P. (2012). Use of a Noctiluca-killing bacterium Marinobacter salsuginis strain BS2 to reduce shrimp mortality caused by Noctiluca scintillans. Fisheries Science, 78(3), 641-646.
Konopka, A. & Brock, D.T. (1978). Effect of temperature on blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in Lake Mendota. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 36(4), 572-576.
Li, Y., Liu, L., Xu, Y., Li, P., Zhang, K. Jiang, X., Zheng, T. & Wang, H. (2016). Stress of algicidal substances from a bacterium Exiguobacterium sp. h10 on Microcystis aeruginosa. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 64(1), 57-65.
Massaut, L. (2003). Cyanobacteria toxicity tested in shrimp larvae - Oscillatoria brevis reduces P. vannamei survival. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 90-92.
Mohite, S.Y. & Wakte, S.P. (2011). Assessment of Factors Influencing Growth and C-Phycocyanin Production of Arthrospira platensis from Meteoritic Crater Lake. Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization, 2(2), 53-68.
Newman, S.G. (2013). Risks of toxins from blue green algae to aquaculture. Infofish International, 5, 24-28.
Patel, V., Berthold, E.D., Dhandayuthapani, S., Rathinavelu, A. & Gantar, M. (2016). Optimization of C- phycocyanin production by Limnothrix sp. 37-2-1. Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization, 7(1), 104-111.
Rafiqul, M.I., Hassan, A., Sulebele, G., Orosco, A.C., Roustaian, P. & Jalal, A.C.K. (2003). Salt Stress Culture of Blue-green Algae Spirulina Fusiformis. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(7), 648-650.
Reddy, M.R.K. & Mastan, S.A. (2011). Algal toxins and their impact on human health. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, 4(1), 129-134.
Robarts, D.R. & Zohary, T. (1987). Temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and growth rates of bloom forming cyanobacteria. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 21(3), 391- 399.
Rodgers, J.H. (2008). Algal toxins in pond aquaculture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication No. 4605.
Ruangrit, K., Whangchai, N., Pekkoh, J., Ruangyuttikarn, W. & Peerapornpisal, Y. (2011). First Report on Microcystins Contamination in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Nile Tilapia (Tilapia nilotica) Cultured in Earthen Ponds. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 13(6), 1025-1028.
Rubban, K., Sughan, V., Wong, L.S. & Meekin, C. (2014). The effects of pH and cell density to the responses of immobilized cyanobacteria for copper detection. Journal of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2(2), 78-81.
Sevrin, R.J. & Pletikosic, M. (1990). Cyanobacteria in fish ponds. Aquaculture, 88(1), 1-20.
Sriyasak, P., Chitmanat, C., Whangchai, N., Promya, J. & Lebel, L. (2015). Effect of water de-stratification on dissolved oxygen and ammonia in tilapia ponds in Northern Thailand. Proceedings of 53rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Plants, Animal, Veterinary Medicine, Fisheries, Agricultural Extension and Home Economics, 3-6 February 2015 Bangkok Thailand.
Su, Y., Ma, S. & Feng, C. (2010). Effects of Salinity Fluctuation on the Growth and Energy Budget of Juvenile Litopenaeus Vannamei at Different Temperatures. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 30(3), 430-434.
Supriatna, S., Koesman, M., Hariati, A. & Mahmudi, M. (2017). Dissolved oxygen models in intensive culture of white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in East Java, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation - International Journal of the Bioflux Society. 10(4), 768-778.
Tayaban, M.M.K., Pintor, L.K. & Vital, G.P. (2018). Detection of potential harmful algal bloom-causing microalgae from freshwater prawn farms in Central Luzon, Philippines, for bloom monitoring and prediction. Environment Development and Sustainability, 20(12), 1311-1328.
Touloupakis, E., Cicchi, B., Benavides, S.M.A. & Torzillo, G. (2016). Effect of high pH on growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cultures and their contamination by golden algae (Poterioochromonas sp.). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 100(3), 1333-1341.
Tucker, C.S. & Abramo, L.R.D. (2008). Managing High pH in Freshwater Ponds. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication No. 4604.
Vonshak, A., Kancharaksa, N., Bunnag, B. & Tanticharoen, M. (1996). Role of light and photosynthesis on the acclimation process of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis to salinity stress. Journal of Applied Phycology, 8, 119-124.
Wangwibulkit, S., Limsuwan, C. & Chuchird, N. (2008). Effects of salinity and pH on the growth of blue-green algae, Oscillatoria sp. and Microcystis sp., isolated from pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin, 32(1), 1-9.
Washim R.M.M., Siddiky, M.S.N.M. & Ahmmed, S. (2020). Improved Extensive Shrimp Farming Uplifted Yield of Coastal Ghers in Southwest Bangladesh. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 52(1), 78-87.
World Health Organization. (1999). Toxic cyanobacteria in water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. London: E & FN Spon.
Xin, L., Hu, H.Y. & Zhang, Y.P. (2011). Growth and lipid accumulation properties of a freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp. under different cultivation temperature. Bioresource Technology.102(3), 3098-3102.
Xing, R., Ma, W., Shao, Y., Cao, X., Chen, L. & Jiang, A. (2019). Factors that affect the growth and photosynthesis of the filamentous green algae, Chaetomorpha valida, in static sea cucumber aquaculture ponds with high salinity and high pH. PeerJ, 7(4), e6468.
You, J., Mallery, K., Hong, J. & Hondzo, M. (2018). Temperature effects on growth and buoyancy of Microcystis aeruginosa. Journal of Plankton Research, 40(1), 16-28.
Zimba, V.P., Camus, A., Allen, H.E. & Burkholder, M.J. (2006). Co-occurrence of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, mortalities and microcystin toxin in a southeastern USA shrimp facility. Aquaculture, 261(3),1048-1055.
Boyd, C.E. & Tucker, C.S. (1992). Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Alabama: Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University.
Buck, D.P. & Smith, G.D. (1995). Evidence for a Na+/ H+ electrogenic antiporter in an alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Synechocystis. FEMS Microbiology Letter, 128(3), 315-320.
Davis, T.W., Berry D.L., Boyer, G.L. & Gobler, C.J. (2009). The effects of temperature and nutrients on the growth and dynamics of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during cyanobacteria blooms. Harmful Algae, 8(5), 715-725.
Fang, F., Gao, Y., Gan, L., He, X. & Yang, L.J. (2018). Effects of different initial pH and irradiance levels on cyanobacterial colonies from Lake Taihu, China. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30(3), 1777-1793.
Figler, A., Viktória, B., Dobronoki, D., Márton, K., Nagy, A.S. & Bácsi, I. (2019). Salt Tolerance and Desalination Abilities of Nine Common Green Microalgae Isolates. Water, 11(12), 2527.
Galanti, N.L., Amé, V.M. & Wunderlin, A.D. (2013). Accumulation and detoxification dynamic of cyanotoxins in the freshwater shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus. Harmful Algae, 27, 88-97.
Golda, L.R. (2017). Assessing the influence of environmental pH on algal physiology using a novel culture system. United States: Oregon Health and Science University.
Jagadeesan, K., Raja, S. & Sampath, K. (2012). Studies on effect of salinity on the culture of algal forms (Oscillatoria spp. and Chaetomorpha sp.) and their impact on shrimp (Penaeus indicus) culture. New Vistas in Indian Aquaculture - Book of Abstracts, 1045, 85.
Keawtawee T. (2014). Using the specific bacteria for controlling the blue green algae blooms strain Osci-TK01 in a shrimp farm, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, 2014. (in Thai)
Keawtawee, T., Fukami, K., Songsangjinda, P. & Muangyao, P. (2012). Use of a Noctiluca-killing bacterium Marinobacter salsuginis strain BS2 to reduce shrimp mortality caused by Noctiluca scintillans. Fisheries Science, 78(3), 641-646.
Konopka, A. & Brock, D.T. (1978). Effect of temperature on blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in Lake Mendota. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 36(4), 572-576.
Li, Y., Liu, L., Xu, Y., Li, P., Zhang, K. Jiang, X., Zheng, T. & Wang, H. (2016). Stress of algicidal substances from a bacterium Exiguobacterium sp. h10 on Microcystis aeruginosa. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 64(1), 57-65.
Massaut, L. (2003). Cyanobacteria toxicity tested in shrimp larvae - Oscillatoria brevis reduces P. vannamei survival. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 90-92.
Mohite, S.Y. & Wakte, S.P. (2011). Assessment of Factors Influencing Growth and C-Phycocyanin Production of Arthrospira platensis from Meteoritic Crater Lake. Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization, 2(2), 53-68.
Newman, S.G. (2013). Risks of toxins from blue green algae to aquaculture. Infofish International, 5, 24-28.
Patel, V., Berthold, E.D., Dhandayuthapani, S., Rathinavelu, A. & Gantar, M. (2016). Optimization of C- phycocyanin production by Limnothrix sp. 37-2-1. Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization, 7(1), 104-111.
Rafiqul, M.I., Hassan, A., Sulebele, G., Orosco, A.C., Roustaian, P. & Jalal, A.C.K. (2003). Salt Stress Culture of Blue-green Algae Spirulina Fusiformis. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(7), 648-650.
Reddy, M.R.K. & Mastan, S.A. (2011). Algal toxins and their impact on human health. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, 4(1), 129-134.
Robarts, D.R. & Zohary, T. (1987). Temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and growth rates of bloom forming cyanobacteria. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 21(3), 391- 399.
Rodgers, J.H. (2008). Algal toxins in pond aquaculture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication No. 4605.
Ruangrit, K., Whangchai, N., Pekkoh, J., Ruangyuttikarn, W. & Peerapornpisal, Y. (2011). First Report on Microcystins Contamination in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Nile Tilapia (Tilapia nilotica) Cultured in Earthen Ponds. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 13(6), 1025-1028.
Rubban, K., Sughan, V., Wong, L.S. & Meekin, C. (2014). The effects of pH and cell density to the responses of immobilized cyanobacteria for copper detection. Journal of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2(2), 78-81.
Sevrin, R.J. & Pletikosic, M. (1990). Cyanobacteria in fish ponds. Aquaculture, 88(1), 1-20.
Sriyasak, P., Chitmanat, C., Whangchai, N., Promya, J. & Lebel, L. (2015). Effect of water de-stratification on dissolved oxygen and ammonia in tilapia ponds in Northern Thailand. Proceedings of 53rd Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Plants, Animal, Veterinary Medicine, Fisheries, Agricultural Extension and Home Economics, 3-6 February 2015 Bangkok Thailand.
Su, Y., Ma, S. & Feng, C. (2010). Effects of Salinity Fluctuation on the Growth and Energy Budget of Juvenile Litopenaeus Vannamei at Different Temperatures. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 30(3), 430-434.
Supriatna, S., Koesman, M., Hariati, A. & Mahmudi, M. (2017). Dissolved oxygen models in intensive culture of white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in East Java, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation - International Journal of the Bioflux Society. 10(4), 768-778.
Tayaban, M.M.K., Pintor, L.K. & Vital, G.P. (2018). Detection of potential harmful algal bloom-causing microalgae from freshwater prawn farms in Central Luzon, Philippines, for bloom monitoring and prediction. Environment Development and Sustainability, 20(12), 1311-1328.
Touloupakis, E., Cicchi, B., Benavides, S.M.A. & Torzillo, G. (2016). Effect of high pH on growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cultures and their contamination by golden algae (Poterioochromonas sp.). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 100(3), 1333-1341.
Tucker, C.S. & Abramo, L.R.D. (2008). Managing High pH in Freshwater Ponds. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication No. 4604.
Vonshak, A., Kancharaksa, N., Bunnag, B. & Tanticharoen, M. (1996). Role of light and photosynthesis on the acclimation process of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis to salinity stress. Journal of Applied Phycology, 8, 119-124.
Wangwibulkit, S., Limsuwan, C. & Chuchird, N. (2008). Effects of salinity and pH on the growth of blue-green algae, Oscillatoria sp. and Microcystis sp., isolated from pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds. Kasetsart University Fisheries Research Bulletin, 32(1), 1-9.
Washim R.M.M., Siddiky, M.S.N.M. & Ahmmed, S. (2020). Improved Extensive Shrimp Farming Uplifted Yield of Coastal Ghers in Southwest Bangladesh. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 52(1), 78-87.
World Health Organization. (1999). Toxic cyanobacteria in water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. London: E & FN Spon.
Xin, L., Hu, H.Y. & Zhang, Y.P. (2011). Growth and lipid accumulation properties of a freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp. under different cultivation temperature. Bioresource Technology.102(3), 3098-3102.
Xing, R., Ma, W., Shao, Y., Cao, X., Chen, L. & Jiang, A. (2019). Factors that affect the growth and photosynthesis of the filamentous green algae, Chaetomorpha valida, in static sea cucumber aquaculture ponds with high salinity and high pH. PeerJ, 7(4), e6468.
You, J., Mallery, K., Hong, J. & Hondzo, M. (2018). Temperature effects on growth and buoyancy of Microcystis aeruginosa. Journal of Plankton Research, 40(1), 16-28.
Zimba, V.P., Camus, A., Allen, H.E. & Burkholder, M.J. (2006). Co-occurrence of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, mortalities and microcystin toxin in a southeastern USA shrimp facility. Aquaculture, 261(3),1048-1055.
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2023-05-11
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