Extraction of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Red Seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri) and Growth Promotion of Probiotic Bacteria
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize conditions to increase the yield of sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri) harvested between July (SP1) and October (SP2) 2020, extracted with distilled water. The effects of algae to water ratio (1:25, 1:35, and 1:50 (w/v), extraction time (40, 60, and 90 min), and extraction temperature (90, 100, and 110 °C) were investigated. The optimal conditions for sulfated polysaccharide extraction from red seaweed were algae materials to water 1:50 (w/v) at a temperature of 100 ºC for 60 minutes, with an obtained the yields of 13.80±4.24% (SP1) and 18.52±0.93% (SP2). The utilization of sulfated polysaccharide derived from red seaweed was performed for the growth of Lactobacillus paracasei TISTR 2389 and Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 875. L. acidophilus TISTR 875 significantly utilized the sulfated polysaccharide for growth when compared with glucose and GOS as carbon sources (p<0.05). These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweed could act as a potential prebiotic compound for development of the functional foods. Keywords : sulfated polysaccharide ; prebiotic ; probiotic ; red seaweedReferences
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Chikari, F., Han, J., Wang, Y., & Ao, W. (2020). Synergized subcritical-ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction, purification, and characterization of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides. Process Biochemistry, 95, 297–306.
Fooks, L.J., & Gibson, G.R. (2003). Mixed culture fermentation studies on the effects of synbiotics on the human intestinal pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli. Anaerobe, 9, 231-242.
Gibson, G.R. (2004). Prebiotic. Journal of Gastroenterology Supplement, 18, 287-298.
Hou, X.J., & Chen, W. (2008). Optimization of extraction process of crude polysaccharides from wild edible BaChu mushroom by response surface methodology. Carbohydrate Polymers, 72, 67–74.
Imjongjairak, S., Tachaapaikoon, C., Pason, P., Waeonukul, R., Laohakunchit, N., & Ratanakhanokchai, K. (2014). Antioxidant activity of sulfate polysaccharide extracts of red seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri). Agricultural Science Journal, 45, 325-328.
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Lekshmi, V.S., & Kurup, G.M. (2019). Sulfated polysaccharides from the edible marine algae Padina tetrastromatica protects heart by ameliorating hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in isoproterenol induced experimental myocardial infarction. Journal of Functional Foods, 54, 22–31.
Marinho-Soraino, E., Bourret, E., De Casabianca, M.L., & Maury, L. (1999). Agar from the reproductive and vegetative stages of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris. Bioresource Technology, 67, 1-5.
Marinho-Soraino, E., Silva, T.S.F., & Moreira, W.S.C., (2001). Seasonal variation in the biomass and agar yield from Gracilaria cervicornis and Hydropuntia cornea from Brazil. Bioresource Technology, 77, 115- 120.
Mehta, G.K., Meena, R., Prasad, K., Ganesan, M., & Siddhanta, A.K. (2010). Preparation of galactans from Gracilaria debilisand Gracilaria salicornia (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) of Indian waters. Journal of Applied Phycology, 22, 623–627.
Olano-Martin, E., Mountzouris, K.C., Gibson, G.B., & Rastall, R.A. (2000). Development of prebiotic based on dextran and oligodextran. British Journal of Nutrition, 83, 247-255.
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Rui, H., Daorui, P., Lingrong, W., Lijun, Y., Riming, H., & Viktoryia, K. (2020). In vitro digestibility and prebiotic activities of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis. Journal of Functional Foods, 64, 103652.
Ruangchuay, R., Luangthuvanit, C., Petsupa, N., Benjama, O., & Masniyom, P. 2006. Cultivation of pom nang seaweeds (Gracilaria spp.) as an alternative occupation for the lacal fishermen in Pattani bay, Pattani province. Thailand Science Research and Innovation.
Santad, W., Paiboon, T., Akkasit, J., Worrapanit, C., Preeya, H., Tipparat, H., Arunporn, I., & Buncha, O. (2011). Extraction and analysis of prebiotics from selected plants from southern Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology (SJST), 33, 517-523.
Souza, B.W.S., Cerqueira, M.A., Bourbon, A.I., Pinheiro, A.C., Martins, J.T., Teixeira, J.A., Coimbra, M.A., & Vicente, A.A. (2012). Chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria birdiae. Food Hydrocolloids, 27, 287-292.
Suvimol, C., Michael, A.C., Christopher, M.M.F., & Wei, Z. (2017). The development of seaweed-derived bioactive compounds for use as prebiotics and nutraceuticals using enzyme technologies. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 70, 20-33.
Wongtewan Senchai (2017) Parameters affecting polysaccharides extracted from Spirogyra sp. Using ultrasonic technique with hot water. (Master’s thesis), Majo University, Chiang Mai. (in Thai).
Yun, L.Y., Li, D.Z., Yang, L., & Zhang, M. (2013). Hot water extraction and artifcial simulated gastrointestinal digestion of wheat germ polysaccharide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 123, 174-181.
Yousefi, M.K., Islami, H.R., & Filizadeh, Y. (2013). Effect of extraction process on agar properties of Gracilaria corticata (Rhodophyta) collected from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Phycology, 52, 481-487.
Bendahou, A., Dufresne, A., Kaddami, H., & Habibi, Y. (2007). Isolation and structural characterization of hemicelluloses from palm of Phoenix dactylifera L. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 601–608.
Bird, K.T. 1988. Agar production and quality from Gracilaria sp. strain G-16: effect of environmental factors. Botanica Marina, 31, 33-39.
Chen, X., Sun, Y., Hu, L., Liu, S., Yu, H., Li. R., & Wang, X., Li, P. (2018). In vitro prebiotic effects of seaweed polysaccharides. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 36, 926–932
Chi, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, G., Gao, Y., Ye, H., Gao J., & Wang, P. (2018). Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. Carbohydrate Polymers, 181, 616–623.
Chikari, F., Han, J., Wang, Y., & Ao, W. (2020). Synergized subcritical-ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction, purification, and characterization of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides. Process Biochemistry, 95, 297–306.
Fooks, L.J., & Gibson, G.R. (2003). Mixed culture fermentation studies on the effects of synbiotics on the human intestinal pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli. Anaerobe, 9, 231-242.
Gibson, G.R. (2004). Prebiotic. Journal of Gastroenterology Supplement, 18, 287-298.
Hou, X.J., & Chen, W. (2008). Optimization of extraction process of crude polysaccharides from wild edible BaChu mushroom by response surface methodology. Carbohydrate Polymers, 72, 67–74.
Imjongjairak, S., Tachaapaikoon, C., Pason, P., Waeonukul, R., Laohakunchit, N., & Ratanakhanokchai, K. (2014). Antioxidant activity of sulfate polysaccharide extracts of red seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri). Agricultural Science Journal, 45, 325-328.
Kumar V., & R. Fotedar. (2009). Agar extraction process of Gracilaria cliftonii (Withell. Millar, & Kraft.1994). Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 813-819.
Lekshmi, V.S., & Kurup, G.M. (2019). Sulfated polysaccharides from the edible marine algae Padina tetrastromatica protects heart by ameliorating hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in isoproterenol induced experimental myocardial infarction. Journal of Functional Foods, 54, 22–31.
Marinho-Soraino, E., Bourret, E., De Casabianca, M.L., & Maury, L. (1999). Agar from the reproductive and vegetative stages of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris. Bioresource Technology, 67, 1-5.
Marinho-Soraino, E., Silva, T.S.F., & Moreira, W.S.C., (2001). Seasonal variation in the biomass and agar yield from Gracilaria cervicornis and Hydropuntia cornea from Brazil. Bioresource Technology, 77, 115- 120.
Mehta, G.K., Meena, R., Prasad, K., Ganesan, M., & Siddhanta, A.K. (2010). Preparation of galactans from Gracilaria debilisand Gracilaria salicornia (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) of Indian waters. Journal of Applied Phycology, 22, 623–627.
Olano-Martin, E., Mountzouris, K.C., Gibson, G.B., & Rastall, R.A. (2000). Development of prebiotic based on dextran and oligodextran. British Journal of Nutrition, 83, 247-255.
Praveen, M.A., Parvathy, K.R.K., Balasubramaniana, P., & Jayabalan, R. 2019. An overview of extraction and purification techniques of seaweed dietary fibers for immunomodulation on gut microbiota. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 92, 46-64.
Rosemary, T., Arulkumar, A., Paramasivam, S., Portocarrero, A.M., & Miranda, J.M. 2019. Biochemical, micronutrient and physicochemical properties of the dried red seaweeds Gracilaria edulis and Gracilaria corticate. Molecules, 24, 1-14.
Rui, H., Daorui, P., Lingrong, W., Lijun, Y., Riming, H., & Viktoryia, K. (2020). In vitro digestibility and prebiotic activities of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis. Journal of Functional Foods, 64, 103652.
Ruangchuay, R., Luangthuvanit, C., Petsupa, N., Benjama, O., & Masniyom, P. 2006. Cultivation of pom nang seaweeds (Gracilaria spp.) as an alternative occupation for the lacal fishermen in Pattani bay, Pattani province. Thailand Science Research and Innovation.
Santad, W., Paiboon, T., Akkasit, J., Worrapanit, C., Preeya, H., Tipparat, H., Arunporn, I., & Buncha, O. (2011). Extraction and analysis of prebiotics from selected plants from southern Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology (SJST), 33, 517-523.
Souza, B.W.S., Cerqueira, M.A., Bourbon, A.I., Pinheiro, A.C., Martins, J.T., Teixeira, J.A., Coimbra, M.A., & Vicente, A.A. (2012). Chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria birdiae. Food Hydrocolloids, 27, 287-292.
Suvimol, C., Michael, A.C., Christopher, M.M.F., & Wei, Z. (2017). The development of seaweed-derived bioactive compounds for use as prebiotics and nutraceuticals using enzyme technologies. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 70, 20-33.
Wongtewan Senchai (2017) Parameters affecting polysaccharides extracted from Spirogyra sp. Using ultrasonic technique with hot water. (Master’s thesis), Majo University, Chiang Mai. (in Thai).
Yun, L.Y., Li, D.Z., Yang, L., & Zhang, M. (2013). Hot water extraction and artifcial simulated gastrointestinal digestion of wheat germ polysaccharide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 123, 174-181.
Yousefi, M.K., Islami, H.R., & Filizadeh, Y. (2013). Effect of extraction process on agar properties of Gracilaria corticata (Rhodophyta) collected from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Phycology, 52, 481-487.
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2023-05-11
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