Technology for Invasive Species Removal in Ballast Water
Abstract
Contamination of alien species in ballast water is one of the four major threats to marine ecosystems. There are more than 7,000 species of organisms found in ballast water. Without proper treatment, these organisms were released into new environments and causing a devastating effect on native species and the ecological changes. Therefore, the removal efficiency of technology including temperature, Ultraviolet, ozone and microbubble to treat 2 phytoplankton (Chaetoceros sp. and Chlorella sp.) and 2 zooplanktons (Crab larvae in Zoea stag and Artemia sp.) were investigated. The results showed that microbubble treatment is the most effective technology which can treat up to 100% of all 4 types of plankton within 20 minutes. Ultraviolet treatment is the second most effective technology, which can treat up to 100% of all 4 types of plankton within 240 minutes. Followed by ozone treatment which can treat zooplankton (100% within 360 min) better than phytoplankton (56.87% within 360 min). The least efficient method was temperature treatment, which can treat zooplankton (100% within 300 min) better than phytoplankton (38.08% within 1,440 min). Keywords : ballast water treatment ; microbubble ; ozone ; temperature ; ultravioletReferences
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Penru, Y., Guastalli, A. R., Esplugas, S., & Baig, S. (2012). Application of UV and UV/H 2O 2 to seawater: Disinfection and natural organic matter removal. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 233, 40-45.
Ruiz, G. M., Rawlings, T. K., Dobbs, F. C., Drake, L. A., Mullady, T., Huq, A., & Colwell, R. R. (2000). Global spread of microorganisms by ships: Ballast water discharged from vessels harbours a cocktail of potential pathogens. Nature, 408(6808), 49-50.
Stehouwer, P. P., Buma, A., & Peperzak, L. (2015). A comparison of six different ballast water treatment systems based on UV radiation, electrochlorination and chlorine dioxide. Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 36(16), 2094-2104.
Sutherland, T. F., Levings, C. D., Elliott, C. C., & Hesse, W. W. (2001). Effect of a ballast water treatment system on survivorship of natural populations of marine plankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 210, 139-148.
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UNCTAD. (2017). Review of Maritime Transport 2017. 117.
Vroom, I., Jacobs, B., & Tapanlis, C. (2005). In-line Ballast Water Treatment System Based on Mechanical (Ultra Sound), Electro-Chemical and Ozone Treatment.
Wan, Z., Chen, J., Makhloufi, A. E., Sperling, D., & Chen, Y. (2016). Four routes to better maritime governance. Nature, 540(7631), 27-29.
Bax, N., Williamson, A., Aguero, M., Gonzalez, E., & Geeves, W. (2003). Marine invasive alien species: A threat to global biodiversity. Marine Policy, 27(4), 313-323.
Bikram, S. (2016). Everything you wanted to know about ballast water exchange and management plan. J. Marine Environ. Maritime Law, 18(4), 964-982.
Chu, L.-B., Xing, X.-H., Yu, A.-F., Zhou, Y.-N., Sun, X.-L., & Jurcik, B. (2007). Enhanced ozonation of simulated dyestuff wastewater by microbubbles. Chemosphere, 68(10), 1854-1860.
First, M. R., Robbins-Wamsley, S. H., Riley, S. C., & Drake, L. A. (2015). Towards minimizing transport of aquatic nuisance species in ballast water: do organisms in different size classes respond uniformly to biocidal treatment. Biol. Invasions, 1-14.
Herwig, R. P., Cordell, J. R., Perrins, J. C., Dinnel, P. A., Gensemer, R. W., Stubblefield, W. A., Cooper, W. J. (2006). Ozone treatment of ballast water on the oil tanker S/T Tonsina: Chemistry, biology and toxicity. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 324, 37-55.
Hess-Erga, O. K., Blomvågnes-Bakke, B., & Vadstein, O. (2010). Recolonization by heterotrophic bacteria after UV irradiation or ozonation of seawater; a simulation of ballast water treatment. Water Research, 44(18), 5439-5449.
Holm, E. R., Stamper, D. M., Brizzolara, R. A., Barnes, L., Deamer, N., & Burkholder, J. M. (2008). Sonication of bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton: Application to treatment of ballast water. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(6), 1201-1208.
James, T. C. (1999). Marine Bio-Invasions of New England. Maritimes (University of Rhode Island Sea Grant), 99.
Kobayashi, F., Sugiura, M., Ikeura, H., Sato, M., Odake, S., & Tamakib, M. (2014). Comparison of a two-stage system with low pressure carbon dioxide microbubbles and heat treatment on the inactivation of Saccharomyces pastorianus cells. Food Control.
Lakshmi, E., Priya, M., & Achari, V. S. (2021). An overview on the treatment of ballast water in ships. Ocean & Coastal Management, 199, 105296.
Penru, Y., Guastalli, A. R., Esplugas, S., & Baig, S. (2012). Application of UV and UV/H 2O 2 to seawater: Disinfection and natural organic matter removal. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 233, 40-45.
Ruiz, G. M., Rawlings, T. K., Dobbs, F. C., Drake, L. A., Mullady, T., Huq, A., & Colwell, R. R. (2000). Global spread of microorganisms by ships: Ballast water discharged from vessels harbours a cocktail of potential pathogens. Nature, 408(6808), 49-50.
Stehouwer, P. P., Buma, A., & Peperzak, L. (2015). A comparison of six different ballast water treatment systems based on UV radiation, electrochlorination and chlorine dioxide. Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 36(16), 2094-2104.
Sutherland, T. F., Levings, C. D., Elliott, C. C., & Hesse, W. W. (2001). Effect of a ballast water treatment system on survivorship of natural populations of marine plankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 210, 139-148.
Tsolaki, E., & Diamadopoulos. (2009). Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review.
UNCTAD. (2017). Review of Maritime Transport 2017. 117.
Vroom, I., Jacobs, B., & Tapanlis, C. (2005). In-line Ballast Water Treatment System Based on Mechanical (Ultra Sound), Electro-Chemical and Ozone Treatment.
Wan, Z., Chen, J., Makhloufi, A. E., Sperling, D., & Chen, Y. (2016). Four routes to better maritime governance. Nature, 540(7631), 27-29.
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Published
2023-05-15
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