Cultivation of Toa Macroalgae (Spirogyra sp.) in Greenhouse with Water from Rearing Nile Tilapia
Abstract
Development of Toa macroalgae (Spirogyra sp.) cultivation in a greenhouse with raceway ponds in environmentally closed system was studied. The initial cultivation of algae was 500 g fw/pond with water volume of 500 liters for 10 days. It was found that the total biomass was in the range of 1,586-1,710 g fw/pond. During cultivation pH and alkalinity were maintained in the range of 7.5-8.5 and more than 50 mg/L, respectively. According to comparative studies of the growth and biomass of Spirogyra sp. cultivated with wastewater from Nile tilapia culture pond at 0% (control), 30% and 50%. The results showed that the highest daily weight gain (170.3 g fw/day), specific growth rate (14.8%/day) and total biomass (2,202.9 g fw/pond) of algae was found when added with 30% wastewater (p<0.05). The results imply that wastewater from Nile tilapia culture pond can be used as a source of nutrients, nitrogen in algae cultivation, substitutes the use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the production of Spirogyra in this greenhouse was possible to apply in aquaculture farms or develop commercially. Keywords : Spirogyra ; cultivation ; greenhouse ; raceway pond ; Nile tilapiaReferences
Amornlirdpisarn, D., Mengumpun, K. & Rattanapoj, T. (2013). Cultivation of organic Spirogyra for use in health supplements and cosmeceutical products. Co Research Program Rep. (in Thai)
Andersen, R. A. (2005). Algal Culturing Techniques. China: Elservier Academic Press.
Feng, J., Li, F., Zhou, X., Xu, C. & Fang, F. (2016). Nutrient removal ability and economical benefit of a rice-
fish co-culture system in aquaculture pond. Ecological Engineering, 94, 315–319.
Fogg, G. E. & Thake, B. (1987). Algal culture and phytoplankton ecology. England: Wisconsin Press.
Ge, S. & Champagne, P. (2016). Nutrient removal, microalgal biomass growth, harvesting and lipid yield in response to centrate wastewater loadings. Water Resource, 88, 604-612.
Ge, S., Madill, M. & Champagne, P. (2018). Use of freshwater macroalgae Spirogyra sp. for the treatment of municipal wastewaters and biomass production for biofuel applications. Biomass and Bioenergy, 111, 213-223.
Henriques, B., Rocha, L. S., Lopes, C. B., Figueira, P. A., Duarte, C., Vale, C. M., Pardal, A. & Pereira, E. (2017). A macroalgae-based biotechnology for water remediation: Simultaneous removal of Cd, Pb and
Hg by living Ulva lactuca. Journal of Environmental Management, 191, 275-289.
Jaturonglumlert, S., Whangchai, N. & Warith, J. (2016). Development of Spirogyra organic farming for commercial. (pp. 269-274). In Proceedings THEMTP (15th ed.), Surat Thani. (in Thai)
Junthip, R., Amornlerdpison, D., & Chimsook, T. (2013). Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Spirogyra spp. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 699, pp. 693-697). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Koydon, S. (2014). Nitrogen elimination in zero waste aquaculture system. RMUTSB Academic Journal, 2(1), 66-80. (in Thai).
Lawton, R. J., Cole, A. J., Roberts, D. A., Paul N. A., & Nys, R. (2017). The industrial ecology of freshwater macroalgae for biomass applications. Algal Research, 24, 486–491.
Mala, T, Promya, J., Amornlerdpison, D. & Daengprok, W. (2018). Comparison of biomass and nutrition
values of kai algae cultivation in environmentally closed system. Journal of Fisheries Technology,
12(2), 53-62.
Morris, I. (1974). Nitrogen assimilation and protein synthesis. In Algal Physiology and Biochemistry. (pp. 115-125). Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Nimrat, S. & Vuthiphandchai, W. (2009). Aquacultural sustainability role of microorganisms and the application. Bangkok: Chula Press. (in Thai)
O’Neal, S. W. & Lembi, C. A. (1995). Temperatures and irradiance effects on growth of Pithophora oedogonia (Chlorophyceae) and Spirogyra sp. (Charophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 31, 720-726.
Osotsapha, Y. (2015). Plant nutrition, 4th ed. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Peerapornpisal, Y. (2008). Edible freshwater macroalgae in Northern Thailand research. Journal of Fisheries Technology Research, 2(1), 178-189.
Peerapornpisal, Y. (2015). Freshwater algae in Thailand. (3th ed.). Chiang Mai: Chotana print.
Peerapornpisal, Y., Kanjanapothi, D., Taesotikul, T., & Amornlerdpison, D. (2009). Potential of some freshwater algae in Northern Thailand as nutraceutical. Phycologia, 48(4) Suppl, 104-112. (in Thai)
Peerapornpisal, Y., Panyoyai, T. & Amornlerdpison, D. (2012). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kutzing. KKU Science Journal, 40(1), 228-235. (in Thai)
Phonrin, A. (2017). Determination of total phenolic and antioxidant activity in freshwater macroalgae from nan province. M.S. thesis, Department of Chemical Education, Faculty of Science, Burapha University. (in Thai)
Pimpimol, T., Tongmee, B., Lomlai, P., Prasongpol, P., Whangchai, N., Unpaprom, Y., & Ramaraj, R. (2020). Spirogyra cultured in fishpond wastewater for biomass generation. Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication, 2(3), 58-65.
Plaipetch, P., & Jadphan-In, W. (2020). Using of palm oil sludge to replace rice bran in juvenile nile tilapia feed. Burapha Science Journal, 25(3), 1215-1228.
Sirirustananun, N. (2016). The suitable stocking density to growth of macroalgae Spirogyra spp. and its ability of ammonia nitrogen removal. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 12(3), 533-543.
Sirirustananun, N. & Chanartaeparporn, P. (2015). Nutrient contents and growth of Spirogyra spp. in water resources of Phetchabun province. Journal of Agricultural Research and Extension, 32(1), 58-66.
Tipnee, S., Ramaraj, R., & Unpaprom, Y. (2015). Nutritional evaluation of edible freshwater green macroalga Spirogyra varians. Emergent Life Sciences Research, 1(2), 1-7.
Wongsawad, P. & Peerapornpisal, Y. (2015). Morphological and molecular profiling of Spirogyra from northeastern and northern Thailand using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22, 382–389.
Zhou, W., Lu, Q., Han P. & Li, J. (2020). Microalgae cultivation and photobioreactor design. In Microalgae cultivation for biofuels production. (pp. 31-50). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Andersen, R. A. (2005). Algal Culturing Techniques. China: Elservier Academic Press.
Feng, J., Li, F., Zhou, X., Xu, C. & Fang, F. (2016). Nutrient removal ability and economical benefit of a rice-
fish co-culture system in aquaculture pond. Ecological Engineering, 94, 315–319.
Fogg, G. E. & Thake, B. (1987). Algal culture and phytoplankton ecology. England: Wisconsin Press.
Ge, S. & Champagne, P. (2016). Nutrient removal, microalgal biomass growth, harvesting and lipid yield in response to centrate wastewater loadings. Water Resource, 88, 604-612.
Ge, S., Madill, M. & Champagne, P. (2018). Use of freshwater macroalgae Spirogyra sp. for the treatment of municipal wastewaters and biomass production for biofuel applications. Biomass and Bioenergy, 111, 213-223.
Henriques, B., Rocha, L. S., Lopes, C. B., Figueira, P. A., Duarte, C., Vale, C. M., Pardal, A. & Pereira, E. (2017). A macroalgae-based biotechnology for water remediation: Simultaneous removal of Cd, Pb and
Hg by living Ulva lactuca. Journal of Environmental Management, 191, 275-289.
Jaturonglumlert, S., Whangchai, N. & Warith, J. (2016). Development of Spirogyra organic farming for commercial. (pp. 269-274). In Proceedings THEMTP (15th ed.), Surat Thani. (in Thai)
Junthip, R., Amornlerdpison, D., & Chimsook, T. (2013). Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Spirogyra spp. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 699, pp. 693-697). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Koydon, S. (2014). Nitrogen elimination in zero waste aquaculture system. RMUTSB Academic Journal, 2(1), 66-80. (in Thai).
Lawton, R. J., Cole, A. J., Roberts, D. A., Paul N. A., & Nys, R. (2017). The industrial ecology of freshwater macroalgae for biomass applications. Algal Research, 24, 486–491.
Mala, T, Promya, J., Amornlerdpison, D. & Daengprok, W. (2018). Comparison of biomass and nutrition
values of kai algae cultivation in environmentally closed system. Journal of Fisheries Technology,
12(2), 53-62.
Morris, I. (1974). Nitrogen assimilation and protein synthesis. In Algal Physiology and Biochemistry. (pp. 115-125). Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Nimrat, S. & Vuthiphandchai, W. (2009). Aquacultural sustainability role of microorganisms and the application. Bangkok: Chula Press. (in Thai)
O’Neal, S. W. & Lembi, C. A. (1995). Temperatures and irradiance effects on growth of Pithophora oedogonia (Chlorophyceae) and Spirogyra sp. (Charophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 31, 720-726.
Osotsapha, Y. (2015). Plant nutrition, 4th ed. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Peerapornpisal, Y. (2008). Edible freshwater macroalgae in Northern Thailand research. Journal of Fisheries Technology Research, 2(1), 178-189.
Peerapornpisal, Y. (2015). Freshwater algae in Thailand. (3th ed.). Chiang Mai: Chotana print.
Peerapornpisal, Y., Kanjanapothi, D., Taesotikul, T., & Amornlerdpison, D. (2009). Potential of some freshwater algae in Northern Thailand as nutraceutical. Phycologia, 48(4) Suppl, 104-112. (in Thai)
Peerapornpisal, Y., Panyoyai, T. & Amornlerdpison, D. (2012). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kutzing. KKU Science Journal, 40(1), 228-235. (in Thai)
Phonrin, A. (2017). Determination of total phenolic and antioxidant activity in freshwater macroalgae from nan province. M.S. thesis, Department of Chemical Education, Faculty of Science, Burapha University. (in Thai)
Pimpimol, T., Tongmee, B., Lomlai, P., Prasongpol, P., Whangchai, N., Unpaprom, Y., & Ramaraj, R. (2020). Spirogyra cultured in fishpond wastewater for biomass generation. Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication, 2(3), 58-65.
Plaipetch, P., & Jadphan-In, W. (2020). Using of palm oil sludge to replace rice bran in juvenile nile tilapia feed. Burapha Science Journal, 25(3), 1215-1228.
Sirirustananun, N. (2016). The suitable stocking density to growth of macroalgae Spirogyra spp. and its ability of ammonia nitrogen removal. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 12(3), 533-543.
Sirirustananun, N. & Chanartaeparporn, P. (2015). Nutrient contents and growth of Spirogyra spp. in water resources of Phetchabun province. Journal of Agricultural Research and Extension, 32(1), 58-66.
Tipnee, S., Ramaraj, R., & Unpaprom, Y. (2015). Nutritional evaluation of edible freshwater green macroalga Spirogyra varians. Emergent Life Sciences Research, 1(2), 1-7.
Wongsawad, P. & Peerapornpisal, Y. (2015). Morphological and molecular profiling of Spirogyra from northeastern and northern Thailand using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22, 382–389.
Zhou, W., Lu, Q., Han P. & Li, J. (2020). Microalgae cultivation and photobioreactor design. In Microalgae cultivation for biofuels production. (pp. 31-50). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Downloads
Published
2023-01-04
Issue
Section
Research Article
