The Investigation of Current, Divergence and Convergence in the Coastal Area of Trat Province Using a Hydrodynamic Model
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study circulation patterns, and current divergence and convergence in the coastal area of Trat Province in 2018 using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The results showed that the circulation patterns were mainly controlled by the monsoon winds. The depth-averaged current magnitude was high in the southwest monsoon with a direction from the northwest to the southeast, and it was low in the northeast monsoon with a direction from the southeast to the northwest. The coastal area has small divergences alternating small convergence throughout the year. Large divergence and convergence were found near the north coast of the study area, and the west coast of Chang Island, Mak Island, and Kood Island. They were also found in Trat Bay but in smaller sizes. During the southwest monsoon, the current magnitude was high, and divergence/convergence appeared clearer than in the other monsoon seasons. The monsoon winds were the main factor controlling the circulation patterns, resulting in the seasonal variations of current divergence/convergence. The geographical and coastal features of Trat Province were other factors affecting circulations and current divergence/convergence. The convergence areas were found to relate to red tide and jellyfish bloom development. However, those phenomena are also controlled by other biological and physical factors. Keywords: Current divergence, Current convergence, Trat province, Hydrodynamic modelReferences
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Buranapratheprat, A., Kan-atireklarp, S., Yuenyong, S. & Kan-atireklarp, S. (2018). Fluxes of Suspended Sediment and Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients at the Welu River Mouth in Dry and Wet Seasons in 2014. Burapha Science Journal, 23(1), 546-556. (in Thai)
Buranapratheprat, A., Yanagi, T., Sawangwong, P. (2002). Seasonal variations in circulation and salinity distributions in the upper Gulf of Thailand: modeling approach. La mer 40, 147-155.
Colling, A. (2001). Ocean circulation (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann.
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - DMCR. (2015). Plankton bloom is the reason why the sea water changes color in Trat Province. Retrieved June 20, 2019, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailAll/5775/nws/22. (in Thai)
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - DMCR. (2017). Jellyfish bloom near the coast of Pak Klong Son, Trat Province. Retrieved June 20, 2019, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailAll/17517/nws/17. (in Thai)
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Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - DMCR. (2021). The Dangers of Box Jellyfish, Koh Kood. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailAll/52109/nws/22. (in Thai)
Leenawarat, D., Tong-U-dom, S & Buranapratheprat, A. (2018). A Hydrodynamic Model for the Study of the Seasonal Variation in the Residence Time of Water Mass in the Inner Gulf of Thailand. Burapha Science Journal, 24(1), 1-16. (in Thai)
Marine and Coastal Resources Research & Development Institute – MCRDI. (2020). Distribution of The Dangers jellyfish in the coastal areas of Trat Province. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailAll/53511/nws/197. (in Thai)
Marine Department - MD, (2018). Water Elevation in Trat Province. Bangkok.
Moller, H. (1980). Population dynamic of Aurelia aurita medusae in Kiel Bight, Germany (FRG). Marine Biology, 60, 123-128.
Nastav, B., Malej, M., Malej and A.Jr. Malej, A. (2013). Is it possible to determine the economic impact of jellyfish outbreaks on fisheries? Medit. Mar. Sci., 14(1), 214-223.
Meesub, B., Buranapratheprat, A., Thaipichitburapa, P., Kan-atireklarp, S. & Kan-atireklarp, S. (2021). Fluxes of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients and Suspended Sediment at The Trat River Mouth, Trat Province in 2018. Burapha Science Journal, 26(1), 526-544. (in Thai)
Michida Y., Takimoto R., Sojisuporn P. and Yanagi T. (2006). Divergence/convergence field observed with GPS tracked drifters in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 30(1), 27-35.
Paibulkichakul, B., Kraiharn, S., Paibulkichakul, C. & Buranapratheprat, A. (2016). Flux of Silicate at Kham Hnu River Mouth, Tha Mai District, Chanthaburi Province. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 44(special 1) 709 – 716. (in Thai)
Pond S. and Pickard G. L. (1983). Appendix 1 - Mathematical Review with Some Elementary Fluid Mechanics. In S. Pond & G. L. Pickard (Eds.), Introductory Dynamical Oceanography (Second Edition) (pp. 287-301). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Royal Irrigation Department – RID. (2017). River Discharge in Chanthaburi Province. (Eastern Region Irrigation Hydrology Center). Retrieved October 18, 2018, from http://hydro-6.com/. (in Thai)
Sojisuporn P., Morimoto A. and Yanagi T. (2010). Seasonal variation of sea surface current in the Gulf of Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 34(1).
Tansuwan, V. (2003). Environmental Geology of Changwat Trat. Bangkok: Department of Mineral Resources. (in Thai)
Tourism Authority of Thailand East Region – TAT. (2013). Trat province. Retrieved April 26, 2019, from http://www.traveleastthailand.org/province.php?id=4&page=1&title=trat. (in Thai)
Buranapratheprat, A., Kan-atireklarp, S., Yuenyong, S. & Kan-atireklarp, S. (2018). Fluxes of Suspended Sediment and Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients at the Welu River Mouth in Dry and Wet Seasons in 2014. Burapha Science Journal, 23(1), 546-556. (in Thai)
Buranapratheprat, A., Yanagi, T., Sawangwong, P. (2002). Seasonal variations in circulation and salinity distributions in the upper Gulf of Thailand: modeling approach. La mer 40, 147-155.
Colling, A. (2001). Ocean circulation (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann.
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - DMCR. (2015). Plankton bloom is the reason why the sea water changes color in Trat Province. Retrieved June 20, 2019, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailAll/5775/nws/22. (in Thai)
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - DMCR. (2017). Jellyfish bloom near the coast of Pak Klong Son, Trat Province. Retrieved June 20, 2019, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailAll/17517/nws/17. (in Thai)
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - DMCR. (2018). Marine and Coastal Resources data in Trat province. Retrieved April 26, 2019, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailLib/3768. (in Thai)
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources - DMCR. (2021). The Dangers of Box Jellyfish, Koh Kood. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailAll/52109/nws/22. (in Thai)
Leenawarat, D., Tong-U-dom, S & Buranapratheprat, A. (2018). A Hydrodynamic Model for the Study of the Seasonal Variation in the Residence Time of Water Mass in the Inner Gulf of Thailand. Burapha Science Journal, 24(1), 1-16. (in Thai)
Marine and Coastal Resources Research & Development Institute – MCRDI. (2020). Distribution of The Dangers jellyfish in the coastal areas of Trat Province. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.dmcr.go.th/detailAll/53511/nws/197. (in Thai)
Marine Department - MD, (2018). Water Elevation in Trat Province. Bangkok.
Moller, H. (1980). Population dynamic of Aurelia aurita medusae in Kiel Bight, Germany (FRG). Marine Biology, 60, 123-128.
Nastav, B., Malej, M., Malej and A.Jr. Malej, A. (2013). Is it possible to determine the economic impact of jellyfish outbreaks on fisheries? Medit. Mar. Sci., 14(1), 214-223.
Meesub, B., Buranapratheprat, A., Thaipichitburapa, P., Kan-atireklarp, S. & Kan-atireklarp, S. (2021). Fluxes of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients and Suspended Sediment at The Trat River Mouth, Trat Province in 2018. Burapha Science Journal, 26(1), 526-544. (in Thai)
Michida Y., Takimoto R., Sojisuporn P. and Yanagi T. (2006). Divergence/convergence field observed with GPS tracked drifters in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 30(1), 27-35.
Paibulkichakul, B., Kraiharn, S., Paibulkichakul, C. & Buranapratheprat, A. (2016). Flux of Silicate at Kham Hnu River Mouth, Tha Mai District, Chanthaburi Province. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 44(special 1) 709 – 716. (in Thai)
Pond S. and Pickard G. L. (1983). Appendix 1 - Mathematical Review with Some Elementary Fluid Mechanics. In S. Pond & G. L. Pickard (Eds.), Introductory Dynamical Oceanography (Second Edition) (pp. 287-301). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Royal Irrigation Department – RID. (2017). River Discharge in Chanthaburi Province. (Eastern Region Irrigation Hydrology Center). Retrieved October 18, 2018, from http://hydro-6.com/. (in Thai)
Sojisuporn P., Morimoto A. and Yanagi T. (2010). Seasonal variation of sea surface current in the Gulf of Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 34(1).
Tansuwan, V. (2003). Environmental Geology of Changwat Trat. Bangkok: Department of Mineral Resources. (in Thai)
Tourism Authority of Thailand East Region – TAT. (2013). Trat province. Retrieved April 26, 2019, from http://www.traveleastthailand.org/province.php?id=4&page=1&title=trat. (in Thai)
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Published
2023-01-11
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