The Synthesis of Activated Carbon Electrodes from Lotus Seedpods for Supercapacitor Application
Abstract
This research, prepared activated carbon from lotus seedpods (AC-LS) by carbonization and activation processes at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The structure, morphology, surface area, and electrochemical properties of the samples are investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD). The activated carbon exhibits a relatively high specific surface area of 631.90 m2/g and an average pores diameter of 3.3 nm. Such the sample shows outstanding capacitive performance (113 F/g at 1 A/g), good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability (96% of capacitance retention after 1,000 cycles at 5 A/g) in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Therefore, the synthesis of activated carbon from the lotus seedpods is that the biomass exists in nature, has a low cost, and high specific surface area. It has suitable to be applied as the electrode material for the supercapacitor.Keywords: Activated carbon, Lotus seedpods, Carbonization, Electrode, SupercapacitorsReferences
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lotus seedpods with outstanding supercapacitance performance. Electrochimica Acta, 208, 55-63.
Chengshuai, C., He, W., Yunqiang, Z., Shulan, W., Xuan, L., & Li, L. (2019). Fabrication of Hierarchical Porous
Carbon Frameworks from Metal-Ion-Assisted Step-Activation of Biomass for Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Capacitance. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7, 10763-10772.
Conglai, L., Lili, J., Xiaoliang, W., Yuting, J., Deren, Y., Caikun, W., Tong, W., & Zhuangjun, F. (2015). Facile
synthesis of functionalized porous carbon with three-dimensional interconnected pore structure for high
volumetric performance supercapacitors. Carbon, 93, 412-420.
Hao, C., Duo, L., Zhehong, S., Binfu, B., Shuyan, Z., & Limin, W. (2015). Functional biomass carbons with
hierarchical porous structure for supercapacitor electrode materials. Electrochimica Acta, 18, 241-251.
Jiazhen, Z., Anran, L., & Youcai, Z. (2018). Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea
by physical activation using steam. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 68, 1269-1277.
Jie, C., Die, Z., Wen-Ping, D., Zhen-Zhou, Z., Guo-Zhen, W., Jing-Ren, H., Hai-Bo, W., Peng, F., & Tian-Lei, S.
(2020). Promising Rice-Husk-Derived Carbon/Ni(OH)2 Composite Materials as a High-Performing
Supercapacitor Electrode. ACS Omega, 5(46), 29896–29902.
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from water hyacinth with well-designed hierarchical structure for supercapacitors. Journal of Power
Sources, 366, 270-277.
Kalpana, D., Omkumar, K.S., Suresh Kumar, S., & Renganathan, N.G. (2006). A novel high power symmetric
ZnO/carbon aerogel composite electrode for electrochemical supercapacitor. Electrochimica Acta, 52,
1309–1315.
Keyu, X., & Bingqing, W. (2014). Materials and Structures for Stretchable Energy Storage and Conversion
Devices. Advanced Materials, 26, 3592–3617.
Li, S., Chungui, T., Meitong, L., Xiangying, M., Lei, W., Ruihong, W., Jie, Y., & Honggang, F. (2013). From coconut
shell to porous graphene-like nanosheets for high-power supercapacitors. Journal of Materials Chemistry
A, 1, 6462–6470.
Marta, S., & Antonio, B.F. (2013). Fabrication of porous carbon monoliths with a graphitic framework. Carbon, 56,
155-166.
Montree, S. (2013). Innovative Nanotechnology of Energy Storage: Supercapacitors. Kasetsart Engineering
Journal, 26(85), 9-26. (in Thai)
Wentian, G., Marta, Sevilla., Alexandre, Magasinski., Antonio, B.F., & Gleb, Y. (2013). Sulfur-containing activated
carbons with greatly reduced content of bottle neck pores for double-layer capacitors: a case study for
pseudocapacitance detection. Energy & Environmental Science, 6(8), 2465–2476.
Xueliang, L., Changlong, H., Xiangying, C., & Chengwu, S. (2010). Preparation and performance of straw based
activated carbon for supercapacitor in non-aqueous electrolytes. Microporous and Mesoporous
Materials, 131, 303–309.
Yong-Seo, P., Korsak, T., Teresa, K., Soon-Teck, J., Kyung-Sik, H., Buk-Gu, H., Ja-Yong, C., Jae-Gill, Y.,
Hyun-Ju, K., & Shela, G. (2009). Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of
Korean White Lotus Cultivars. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(5), 1057-1064.
Yueming L., & Xi, L. (2014). Activated carbon/ZnO composites prepared using hydrochars as intermediate and
their electrochemical performance in supercapacitor. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 148(1-2),
380-386.
Yuqing, D., Haihui, Z., Feifei, X., Bijun, X., Xianwen, Y., Yong, W., & Yongsheng, Y. (2010). Inhibition effect of
procyanidins from lotus seedpod on mouse B16 melanoma in vivo and in vitro. Food Chemistry, 122,
84–91.
Zhi-Qun, L., Bi-Jun, X., & Er-Ling, Y. (2005). Isolation, Characterization, and Determination of Antioxidative Activity
of Oligomeric Procyanidins from the Seedpod of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Journal of Agricultural and
lotus seedpods with outstanding supercapacitance performance. Electrochimica Acta, 208, 55-63.
Chengshuai, C., He, W., Yunqiang, Z., Shulan, W., Xuan, L., & Li, L. (2019). Fabrication of Hierarchical Porous
Carbon Frameworks from Metal-Ion-Assisted Step-Activation of Biomass for Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Capacitance. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7, 10763-10772.
Conglai, L., Lili, J., Xiaoliang, W., Yuting, J., Deren, Y., Caikun, W., Tong, W., & Zhuangjun, F. (2015). Facile
synthesis of functionalized porous carbon with three-dimensional interconnected pore structure for high
volumetric performance supercapacitors. Carbon, 93, 412-420.
Hao, C., Duo, L., Zhehong, S., Binfu, B., Shuyan, Z., & Limin, W. (2015). Functional biomass carbons with
hierarchical porous structure for supercapacitor electrode materials. Electrochimica Acta, 18, 241-251.
Jiazhen, Z., Anran, L., & Youcai, Z. (2018). Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea
by physical activation using steam. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 68, 1269-1277.
Jie, C., Die, Z., Wen-Ping, D., Zhen-Zhou, Z., Guo-Zhen, W., Jing-Ren, H., Hai-Bo, W., Peng, F., & Tian-Lei, S.
(2020). Promising Rice-Husk-Derived Carbon/Ni(OH)2 Composite Materials as a High-Performing
Supercapacitor Electrode. ACS Omega, 5(46), 29896–29902.
Kaiwen, Z., Yuanyuan, L., Ming, Z., Xi, Y., Mengyan, Z., Ling, S., & Jue, C. (2017). The porous carbon derived
from water hyacinth with well-designed hierarchical structure for supercapacitors. Journal of Power
Sources, 366, 270-277.
Kalpana, D., Omkumar, K.S., Suresh Kumar, S., & Renganathan, N.G. (2006). A novel high power symmetric
ZnO/carbon aerogel composite electrode for electrochemical supercapacitor. Electrochimica Acta, 52,
1309–1315.
Keyu, X., & Bingqing, W. (2014). Materials and Structures for Stretchable Energy Storage and Conversion
Devices. Advanced Materials, 26, 3592–3617.
Li, S., Chungui, T., Meitong, L., Xiangying, M., Lei, W., Ruihong, W., Jie, Y., & Honggang, F. (2013). From coconut
shell to porous graphene-like nanosheets for high-power supercapacitors. Journal of Materials Chemistry
A, 1, 6462–6470.
Marta, S., & Antonio, B.F. (2013). Fabrication of porous carbon monoliths with a graphitic framework. Carbon, 56,
155-166.
Montree, S. (2013). Innovative Nanotechnology of Energy Storage: Supercapacitors. Kasetsart Engineering
Journal, 26(85), 9-26. (in Thai)
Wentian, G., Marta, Sevilla., Alexandre, Magasinski., Antonio, B.F., & Gleb, Y. (2013). Sulfur-containing activated
carbons with greatly reduced content of bottle neck pores for double-layer capacitors: a case study for
pseudocapacitance detection. Energy & Environmental Science, 6(8), 2465–2476.
Xueliang, L., Changlong, H., Xiangying, C., & Chengwu, S. (2010). Preparation and performance of straw based
activated carbon for supercapacitor in non-aqueous electrolytes. Microporous and Mesoporous
Materials, 131, 303–309.
Yong-Seo, P., Korsak, T., Teresa, K., Soon-Teck, J., Kyung-Sik, H., Buk-Gu, H., Ja-Yong, C., Jae-Gill, Y.,
Hyun-Ju, K., & Shela, G. (2009). Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of
Korean White Lotus Cultivars. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(5), 1057-1064.
Yueming L., & Xi, L. (2014). Activated carbon/ZnO composites prepared using hydrochars as intermediate and
their electrochemical performance in supercapacitor. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 148(1-2),
380-386.
Yuqing, D., Haihui, Z., Feifei, X., Bijun, X., Xianwen, Y., Yong, W., & Yongsheng, Y. (2010). Inhibition effect of
procyanidins from lotus seedpod on mouse B16 melanoma in vivo and in vitro. Food Chemistry, 122,
84–91.
Zhi-Qun, L., Bi-Jun, X., & Er-Ling, Y. (2005). Isolation, Characterization, and Determination of Antioxidative Activity
of Oligomeric Procyanidins from the Seedpod of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Journal of Agricultural and
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Published
2023-05-11
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