The Potential of Local Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield, Quality, and Economic Benefit for Organic Shallot Production in Sisaket Province
Abstract
This research aims to study the potential of local organic fertilizers on the growth, yield, and quality of shallots, to guide the choice of organic fertilizers as a substitute for chemical fertilizers in the organic shallot production of Sisaket Province. This study consisted of five local organic fertilizers: commercial organic fertilizer, dried cow manure, dried pig manure, dried chicken manure, and bio compost, compared with chemical fertilizer (Control). The Randomized Complete Block Design; RCBD was used as an experimental design with 4 replications. The plot size is 1x1.5 m2, and 48 plants/plot. Fertilizers application were divided into three phases; 1) at the soil preparation time, 1) 20 days after planting (DAPS) and 3) 45 DAPS. The results showed that dried chicken manure has a strong influence on shallot’s growth, yield, and quality, with 5.75 kg/plot or 3.99 tons/rai. Followed by dried pig manure with 4.55 kg/plot or 3.15 tons/rai. While chemical fertilizer yields only 4.32 kg/plot or 2.99 tons/rai. In addition, when evaluating economic returns, it was found that the use of all organic fertilizers provides a net income of between 158,020-264,820 baht/rai, but chemical fertilizers provide a net income per area of only 47,390 baht/rai. Therefore, as the results of this study show, in the production of organic shallots, locally available organic fertilizers can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizers, especially dried chicken manure and dried pig manure. Keywords: Bio-Compost, Manure, Growth, Yield, Economic benefitReferences
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Bahrudin, M.A., & Thaha, A.R. (2019). Organic fertilizers are effective in increasing growth and productivity of shallot lembah palu varieties. The Agriculture Science Journal, 6(1), 13-19.
Biratu, G.K., Elias, E., Ntawuruhunga, P., & Nhamo, N. (2018). Effect of chicken manure application on cassava biomass and root yields in two agro-ecologies of Zambia. Agriculture, 8(4), 1-15.
Djaenuddin, N., Faesal & Soenartiningsih. (2014). Isolation and effectivity examination of several local decomposer in decomposing corn plant waste. Biosfera, 31(2), 49-55.
Dwipa, I., Putra, O., Akhir, N., & Azwardi, D. (2019). Effect of organic matterials and ZA (Zwavelzure Ammoniak) fertilizer to growth and yield of shallot in Utizol soil in west sumatera, Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced research, 7(8), 842-848.
Erana, F.G., Tenkegna, T.A., & Asfaw, S.L. (2019). Effect of agro industrial wastes compost on soil health and onion yields improvements: study at field condition. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 8(1), S161-S171.
Karimuna, L., Rahni, N.M., & Boer, D. (2016). The use of bokashi to enhance agricultural productivity of marginal soils in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. J Trop Crop Sci, 3, 1-6.
Lasmini, S.A., Nasir, B., Hayati, N., & Edy, N. (2018). Improvement of soil quality using bokashi composting and NPK fertilizer to increase shallot yield on dry land. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 12(11), 1743- 1749.
Luta, D.A., Siregar, M., & Sri Wahyuni Br, P.A. (2020). Respons pertumbuhan beberapa varietas Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) terhadap aplikasi kompos sampah kota. Journal Pertanian Tropik, 7(1), 121-125
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Nguatchai, W., Chaisawa, P., Penalawat, K., Bunnun, W., & Phonkhen, K. (2019). An analysis of cost and return of shallot in Yangchumnoi District, Sisaket Province. Sisaket Rajabhat University Journal, 13(3), 118-123. (in Thai)
Nugroho, B., Mildaryani, W., & Dewi, S.H.C. (2019). Organic shallot cultivation by using siam weed compost combined with biocontrol agent of avirulent Fusarium oxysporum F. Sp. cepae. International Conference on Food Science and Technology, 1-5. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/379/1/012005.
Oktaviani, T., Havati, M., & Kesumawati, E. (2019). The response of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) growth and yield to gibberelline concentration and the interval of NASA liquild organic fertilizer. The 1st International Conference on Agriculture and Bioindustry 2019.
Onggo, T.M., Kusumiyati, A., & Nurfitriana. (2001). The effect of the addition of husk charcoal and polybag size on growth and yield of grafted tomato plant Valouro cultivar. Jurnal Kultivasi, 16(1), 298-304.
Parwi, I.U., Hamawi, M., & Etica, U. (2019). Growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) in response of organic fertilizer and Trichoderma asperellum. Journal of Physics, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1381/1/012004.
Rahayu, S.J., Cahyani, V.R., & Fauziah, S.K. (2019). The effects of biochar and compost on different cultivars of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) Growth and nutrient uptake in Sandy soil under saline water. Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 16(2), 216-228.
Santosa, M., Suryanto, A., & Maghfoer, M.D. (2015). Application of biourine on growth and yield of shallot fertilized with inorganic and organic fertilizer in Batu, East Java. Agrivita, 37(3), 290-295.
Santoso, M., & Romadhon, N.Q. (2018). The effect of organic urban farming on growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Bioscience Research, 15(2), 996-1003.
Shaymaa, I., Shedeed, S., EL-Sayed, A.A., & Abo Bash, D.M. (2014). Effectiveness of bio-fertilizers with organic matter on the growth, yield and nutrient content of Onion (Allium cepa L.) plants. European International Journal of Science and Technology, 3(9), 115-122.
Suparman, B.A., Nuraini, L., Nugroho, W.A., & Mulyono, J. (2021). Growth and yield of shallot using KCl fertilizer at peatlands in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conference 306, 1st ICADAI 2021.
TalaadThai. (2021). Product Prices. URL: https://talaadthai.com/product/8-10-02-shallot. Retrieved July, 2021, from https://talaadthai.com/product/8-10-02-shallot. (In Thai).
Theeba, M., Bachmann, R.T., Illani, Z.I., Zulkefli, M., Husni, M.H.A., & Samsuri, A.W. (2012). Characterization of local mill rice husk charcoal and its effect on compost properties. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science, 16, 89-102.
Wongwatanyoo, J., Jirasirilerd, G., & Vanitkun, N. (2018). Production and production cost of shallot in Yangchumnoi District, Sisaket Province. RAJABHAT AGRIC, 17(2), 69-76.
Bahrudin, M.A., & Thaha, A.R. (2019). Organic fertilizers are effective in increasing growth and productivity of shallot lembah palu varieties. The Agriculture Science Journal, 6(1), 13-19.
Biratu, G.K., Elias, E., Ntawuruhunga, P., & Nhamo, N. (2018). Effect of chicken manure application on cassava biomass and root yields in two agro-ecologies of Zambia. Agriculture, 8(4), 1-15.
Djaenuddin, N., Faesal & Soenartiningsih. (2014). Isolation and effectivity examination of several local decomposer in decomposing corn plant waste. Biosfera, 31(2), 49-55.
Dwipa, I., Putra, O., Akhir, N., & Azwardi, D. (2019). Effect of organic matterials and ZA (Zwavelzure Ammoniak) fertilizer to growth and yield of shallot in Utizol soil in west sumatera, Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced research, 7(8), 842-848.
Erana, F.G., Tenkegna, T.A., & Asfaw, S.L. (2019). Effect of agro industrial wastes compost on soil health and onion yields improvements: study at field condition. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 8(1), S161-S171.
Karimuna, L., Rahni, N.M., & Boer, D. (2016). The use of bokashi to enhance agricultural productivity of marginal soils in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. J Trop Crop Sci, 3, 1-6.
Lasmini, S.A., Nasir, B., Hayati, N., & Edy, N. (2018). Improvement of soil quality using bokashi composting and NPK fertilizer to increase shallot yield on dry land. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 12(11), 1743- 1749.
Luta, D.A., Siregar, M., & Sri Wahyuni Br, P.A. (2020). Respons pertumbuhan beberapa varietas Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) terhadap aplikasi kompos sampah kota. Journal Pertanian Tropik, 7(1), 121-125
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. (2021). Situation of shallots production. Retrieved February, 2021, from http://www.agriinfo.doae.go.th/year63/plant/rortor/veget/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0% B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87pdf. (In Thai).
Nguatchai, W., Chaisawa, P., Penalawat, K., Bunnun, W., & Phonkhen, K. (2019). An analysis of cost and return of shallot in Yangchumnoi District, Sisaket Province. Sisaket Rajabhat University Journal, 13(3), 118-123. (in Thai)
Nugroho, B., Mildaryani, W., & Dewi, S.H.C. (2019). Organic shallot cultivation by using siam weed compost combined with biocontrol agent of avirulent Fusarium oxysporum F. Sp. cepae. International Conference on Food Science and Technology, 1-5. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/379/1/012005.
Oktaviani, T., Havati, M., & Kesumawati, E. (2019). The response of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) growth and yield to gibberelline concentration and the interval of NASA liquild organic fertilizer. The 1st International Conference on Agriculture and Bioindustry 2019.
Onggo, T.M., Kusumiyati, A., & Nurfitriana. (2001). The effect of the addition of husk charcoal and polybag size on growth and yield of grafted tomato plant Valouro cultivar. Jurnal Kultivasi, 16(1), 298-304.
Parwi, I.U., Hamawi, M., & Etica, U. (2019). Growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) in response of organic fertilizer and Trichoderma asperellum. Journal of Physics, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1381/1/012004.
Rahayu, S.J., Cahyani, V.R., & Fauziah, S.K. (2019). The effects of biochar and compost on different cultivars of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) Growth and nutrient uptake in Sandy soil under saline water. Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 16(2), 216-228.
Santosa, M., Suryanto, A., & Maghfoer, M.D. (2015). Application of biourine on growth and yield of shallot fertilized with inorganic and organic fertilizer in Batu, East Java. Agrivita, 37(3), 290-295.
Santoso, M., & Romadhon, N.Q. (2018). The effect of organic urban farming on growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Bioscience Research, 15(2), 996-1003.
Shaymaa, I., Shedeed, S., EL-Sayed, A.A., & Abo Bash, D.M. (2014). Effectiveness of bio-fertilizers with organic matter on the growth, yield and nutrient content of Onion (Allium cepa L.) plants. European International Journal of Science and Technology, 3(9), 115-122.
Suparman, B.A., Nuraini, L., Nugroho, W.A., & Mulyono, J. (2021). Growth and yield of shallot using KCl fertilizer at peatlands in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conference 306, 1st ICADAI 2021.
TalaadThai. (2021). Product Prices. URL: https://talaadthai.com/product/8-10-02-shallot. Retrieved July, 2021, from https://talaadthai.com/product/8-10-02-shallot. (In Thai).
Theeba, M., Bachmann, R.T., Illani, Z.I., Zulkefli, M., Husni, M.H.A., & Samsuri, A.W. (2012). Characterization of local mill rice husk charcoal and its effect on compost properties. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science, 16, 89-102.
Wongwatanyoo, J., Jirasirilerd, G., & Vanitkun, N. (2018). Production and production cost of shallot in Yangchumnoi District, Sisaket Province. RAJABHAT AGRIC, 17(2), 69-76.
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2023-01-04
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