Morphology and Molecular Analyses of Box Jellyfish Chiropsoides buitendijki from Songkla, Trang and Phang-Nga Provinces
Abstract
A highly poisonous box jellyfish, Chiropsoides buitendijki, is distributed throughout Thai waters, the Gulf of Thailand (GoT), and the Andaman Sea. However, its descriptions to date have been inferred only from the Andaman samples. Anecdotal observations suggest size differences between the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman samples. This study, therefore, examined the morphology, and genetic variation, based 790 base pairs of nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene (COI), specimens from the Gulf of Thailand (Songkhla Province, N=5) and the Andaman Sea (Phang Nga Province, N=30; Trang Province, N=40) collected in 2017-2018. We detected notable differences in bell size and shapes of rhopaliar niche ostia between the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman samples. Samples from the Gulf of Thailand were larger (mean bell width and height = 48.4±0.46 และ 68.0±0.90 mm) than those from the Andaman Sea (mean bell width and height = 30.5 ±5.5 and 31.9 ±0.58 mm). rhopaliar niche ostia shapes were U-shape (GoT) and Dome shape (Andaman Sea). In addition, genetic distances and ML phylogenetic analyses revealed a genetic distinction between the two regions (genetic distance = 8.6-9.2%). However, the observed differences are within the intraspecific variation. Results suggested that distinct genetic lineages might exist in Thai waters. The confirmation of the taxonomic status of this species may require additional specimens covering the entire distribution range in Thai waters. Keywords : box jellyfish ; Chiropsoides buitendijki ; mitochondrial DNA ; Gulf of Thailand ; AndamanReferences
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Aungtonya, C., Xiao, J., Zhang, X., & Wutthituntisil, N. (2018). The genus Chiropsoides (Chirodropida: Chiropsalmidae) from the Andaman Sea, Thai waters. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(10), 119-125.
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Bucklin, A., Bentley, A. M., & Franzen S. P. (1998). Distribution and relative abundance of Pseudocalanus moultoni and P. newmani (Copepoda: Calanoida) on Georges Bank using molecular identification of sibling species. Mar. Biol. 132: 97–106.
Casquet, J., Thebaud, C., & Gillespie, R. G. (2012). Chelex without boiling, a rapid and easy technique to obtain stable amplifiable DNA from small amounts of ethanol‐stored spiders. Molecular ecology resources, 12(1), 136-141.
Dawson, M. N. (2005). Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 32(3), 515-533. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01193.x.
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Knowlton, N., & Weigt, L. A. (1998). New dates and new rates for divergence across the Isthmus of Panama. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 265: 2257–2263.
Knowlton, N. 2000. Molecular genetic analyses of species boundaries in the sea. Hydrobiologia 420: 73–90.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2015). MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Lawley, J. W., Ames, C. L., Bentlage, B., Yanagihara, A., Goodwill, R., Kayal, E., & Collins, A. G. (2016). Box Jellyfish Alatina alata Has a Circumtropical Distribution. Biol Bull, 231(2), 152-169. doi:10.1086/690095
Librado, P., & Rozas, J. (2009). DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics, 25(11), 1451-1452.
Marine and Coastal Resources Research & Development Institute.(2015). Diversity Study Guide of jellyfish in Thai waters. 133 p. (in Thai).
McManus, J. (1985). Marine speciation tectonic and sea level changes in Southeast Asia. Paper presented at the Proc 5th Intl Coral Reef Symposium (Tahiti), 1985.
Menon, M.G.K. (1936) Scyphomedusae of Krusadai Island. Bull Madras Gov Mus. Nat Sci Nat Hist Sect 1:1–9
Nei, M. (1987). Molecular evolutionnary genetic. Columbia University Press, New York.
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Peek, A. S., Gustafson, R. G., Lutz, R. A., & Vrijenhoek, R. C. (1997). Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea hydrothermal vent and cold-water seep clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae): results from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Mar. Biol. 130: 151–161.
Pontin, D. R., & Cruickshank, R. H. (2012). Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Physalia (Cnidaria: Siphonophora) in New Zealand coastal waters reveals cryptic diversity. Hydrobiologia, 686(1), 91-105.
Sinsakul, S. (1992). Evidence of quarternary sea level changes in the coastal areas of Thailand: a review. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 7(1), 23-37.
Sucharitakul, P., Chomdej, S., Achalawitkun, T., & Arsiranant, I. (2017). Description of Chironex indrasaksajiae Sucharitakul sp. nov.(Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Chirodropida): A new species of box jellyfish from the Gulf of Thailand. Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Res. Bull, 74, 33-44.
Sucharitakul, P., Chomdej, S., Achalawitkun, T., Aongsara, S., Arsiranant, I., Paiphongpheaw, P., & Chanachon, K. (2019). Chirodropid box jellyfish in the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Biodiversity, 49(3), 1247-1252.
Suntrarachun, S., Roselieb, M., Wilde, H., & Sitprija, V. (2001). A fatal jellyfish encounter in the Gulf of Siam. Journal of travel medicine, 8(3), 150-151.
Tahera, Q., & Kazmi, Q.B., (2006) New records of two jellyfish medusae (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Catostylidae: Cubozoa: Chirodropidae) from Pakistani waters. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 86:1482.
Toshino, S., Miyake, H., Srinui, K., Luangoon, N., Muthuwan, V., Sawatpeera, S., Honda, S., & Shibata, H. (2016). Development of Tripedalia binata Moore, 1988 (Cubozoa: Carybdeida: Tripedaliidae) collected from the eastern Gulf of Thailand with implications for the phylogeny of the Cubozoa. Hydrobiologia, 792(1), 37-51.
Voris, H. K. (2000). Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations. Journal of biogeography, 27(5), 1153-1167.
Aglieri, G., Papetti, C., Zane, L., Milisenda, G., Boero, F., & Piraino, S. (2014). First evidence of inbreeding, relatedness and chaotic genetic patchiness in the holoplanktonic jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). PLoS One, 9(6), e99647. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099647.
Aongsara, S., Buabanjong, T., & Thaiklang. T. (2012). Diversity and Distribution of jellyfish along the coast of Nakhon Si Thammrat, Songkhla and Pattani Province. Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute. Techical paper no. 2/2012. (in Thai).
Aungtonya, C., Xiao, J., Zhang, X., & Wutthituntisil, N. (2018). The genus Chiropsoides (Chirodropida: Chiropsalmidae) from the Andaman Sea, Thai waters. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(10), 119-125.
Bandelt, H.-J., Forster, P., & Röhl, A. (1999). Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Molecular biology and evolution, 16(1), 37-48.
Benzie, J. (1998). Genetic structure of marine organisms and SE Asian biogeography. Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, 30, 197-209.
Bucklin, A., Bentley, A. M., & Franzen S. P. (1998). Distribution and relative abundance of Pseudocalanus moultoni and P. newmani (Copepoda: Calanoida) on Georges Bank using molecular identification of sibling species. Mar. Biol. 132: 97–106.
Casquet, J., Thebaud, C., & Gillespie, R. G. (2012). Chelex without boiling, a rapid and easy technique to obtain stable amplifiable DNA from small amounts of ethanol‐stored spiders. Molecular ecology resources, 12(1), 136-141.
Dawson, M. N. (2005). Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 32(3), 515-533. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01193.x.
Fenner, P. J. (2005). Venomous jellyfish of the world. SPUMS JOURNAL, 35(3), 131.
Fernando, M. (1992) Some hazards of diving. Ceylon Med J 37:72–80.
Haeckel, E. (1880). System der Acraspeden — Zweite Hälftedes Systems der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena.
Holst, S., & Laakmann, S. (2014). Morphological and molecular discrimination of two closely related jellyfish species, Cyanea capillata and C. lamarckii (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), from the northeast Atlantic. Journal of Plankton Research, 36, 48-63.
Horst, R. (1907). On a new cubomedusa from the Java-Sea: Chiropsalmus buitendijki. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 29(2), 101-106.
Huang, X., & Madan, A. (1999). CAP3: A DNA sequence assembly program. Genome research, 9(9), 868-877.
Huang, D., Meier, R. & Todd, P.A. (2008) Slow Mitochondrial COI Sequence Evolution at the Base of the Metazoan Tree and Its Implications for DNA Barcoding. J Mol Evol 66:167–174. DOI 10.1007/s00239-008-9069-5.
Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of molecular evolution, 16(2), 111-120.
Kingsford, M. J., & Mooney, C. J. (2014). The Ecology of Box Jellyfishes (Cubozoa). In Jellyfish Blooms (pp. 267-302).
Knowlton, N., & Weigt, L. A. (1998). New dates and new rates for divergence across the Isthmus of Panama. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 265: 2257–2263.
Knowlton, N. 2000. Molecular genetic analyses of species boundaries in the sea. Hydrobiologia 420: 73–90.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2015). MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Lawley, J. W., Ames, C. L., Bentlage, B., Yanagihara, A., Goodwill, R., Kayal, E., & Collins, A. G. (2016). Box Jellyfish Alatina alata Has a Circumtropical Distribution. Biol Bull, 231(2), 152-169. doi:10.1086/690095
Librado, P., & Rozas, J. (2009). DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics, 25(11), 1451-1452.
Marine and Coastal Resources Research & Development Institute.(2015). Diversity Study Guide of jellyfish in Thai waters. 133 p. (in Thai).
McManus, J. (1985). Marine speciation tectonic and sea level changes in Southeast Asia. Paper presented at the Proc 5th Intl Coral Reef Symposium (Tahiti), 1985.
Menon, M.G.K. (1936) Scyphomedusae of Krusadai Island. Bull Madras Gov Mus. Nat Sci Nat Hist Sect 1:1–9
Nei, M. (1987). Molecular evolutionnary genetic. Columbia University Press, New York.
Ortman, B.D., Bucklin, A., Pages, F. & Youngbluth, M. (2010). DNA Barcoding the Medusozoa using mtCOI. Deep Sea Research II 57: 2148-2156. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.017.
Peek, A. S., Gustafson, R. G., Lutz, R. A., & Vrijenhoek, R. C. (1997). Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea hydrothermal vent and cold-water seep clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae): results from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Mar. Biol. 130: 151–161.
Pontin, D. R., & Cruickshank, R. H. (2012). Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Physalia (Cnidaria: Siphonophora) in New Zealand coastal waters reveals cryptic diversity. Hydrobiologia, 686(1), 91-105.
Sinsakul, S. (1992). Evidence of quarternary sea level changes in the coastal areas of Thailand: a review. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 7(1), 23-37.
Sucharitakul, P., Chomdej, S., Achalawitkun, T., & Arsiranant, I. (2017). Description of Chironex indrasaksajiae Sucharitakul sp. nov.(Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Chirodropida): A new species of box jellyfish from the Gulf of Thailand. Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Res. Bull, 74, 33-44.
Sucharitakul, P., Chomdej, S., Achalawitkun, T., Aongsara, S., Arsiranant, I., Paiphongpheaw, P., & Chanachon, K. (2019). Chirodropid box jellyfish in the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Biodiversity, 49(3), 1247-1252.
Suntrarachun, S., Roselieb, M., Wilde, H., & Sitprija, V. (2001). A fatal jellyfish encounter in the Gulf of Siam. Journal of travel medicine, 8(3), 150-151.
Tahera, Q., & Kazmi, Q.B., (2006) New records of two jellyfish medusae (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Catostylidae: Cubozoa: Chirodropidae) from Pakistani waters. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 86:1482.
Toshino, S., Miyake, H., Srinui, K., Luangoon, N., Muthuwan, V., Sawatpeera, S., Honda, S., & Shibata, H. (2016). Development of Tripedalia binata Moore, 1988 (Cubozoa: Carybdeida: Tripedaliidae) collected from the eastern Gulf of Thailand with implications for the phylogeny of the Cubozoa. Hydrobiologia, 792(1), 37-51.
Voris, H. K. (2000). Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations. Journal of biogeography, 27(5), 1153-1167.
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2022-09-01
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