Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine feces in Phayao Province
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the problems of public health worldwide. Currently, the improper use of antibiotics is an important factor in the spread of drug resistance. Therefore, the monitoring of the drug resistance is crucial for the selection of appropriate drugs in swine. The objectives were investigated the resistance patterns and genetic relationships of 166 E. coli isolates that were isolated from adult swine, sick swine and piglet feces in Muang District, Phayao Province. The results showed that 154 E. coli isolates (92.77%) were resistant to all antibiotics used in this study. It was found that the highest resistance rate to ampicillin, which is equal to 80, 80 and 95.7 % in isolates from adult swine, sick swine, and piglets, respectively. From the analysis of resistance patterns of E. coli, it was found 16 resistance patterns. The highest drug resistance pattern that could be found is ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline. The rate of this drug resistance pattern is 20, 23.33 and 39.13 % in isolates from adult swine, sick swine and piglets, respectively. In addition, 36.66, 66.66 and 82.62 % of these groups were resistant to more than three drug types. The genetic variation of E. coli was studied by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR). It found 15 rep-PCR patterns (A-O). The most common rep-PCR pattern is the pattern D that found about 43.14 % (22/51 isolates) and indicated the spread of E. coli in pig farms. The results of all showed the resistance situation of E. coli in swine, which is the basic information in the planning, controlling, and prevention of drug resistance. In addition, it can be used as a guideline for the selection of antibiotics in swine. Keywords: antibiotic resistance; Escherichia coli; swine; rep-PCRReferences
Cherry Lim, Emi Takahashi, Maliwan Hongsuwan, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, Visanu Thamlikitkul, Soawapak Hinjoy,
Nicholas PJ Day, Sharon J Peacock, Direk Limmathurotsakul. (2016). Epidemiology and burden of multidrugresistant bacterial infection in a developing country. Epidemiology and Global Health, 5,e 18082.
European Food Safety Authority. (2012). Teachnical specifications on the harmonized monitoring and reporting of
antimicrobial resistance in Sallmonella, Campylobacter and indicator Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. bacteria transmitted through food. EFSA Journal, 10(6), 27-42.
George Valiakos et al. (2016). Resistance in Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from Pig Faecal sample and Pig farm
Workers, Greece. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 11(4),142-144.
Lay KK, Koowattananukul C, Chansong N, Chuanchuen R. (2012). Antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and
phylogenetic characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from clinically healthy swine. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 9(11), 992-1001.
Magiorakos, A.P., Srinivasan, A., Carey, R. B. and Carmeli, Y. (2012). Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-
resistant and pandrugresistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect, 18, 268–281.
Mathew, A. G., A. L. Sutton, A. B. Scheidt, J. A. Patterson, D. T. Kelly, et al. (1993). Effect of galactan on selected
microbial populations and pH and volatile fatty acids in the ileum of the weanling pig. Journal of animal science, 7(11), 503–509.
Paltansing S, Vlot JA, Kraakman MEM, et al. (2013) Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae among travelers from the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis, 19(8), 1206-1213.
Panuphan Prapatigul. (2004). Farmers’ Knowledge and Practices on Antibiotic Utilization in Broiler Production in
Chiang Mai Province, Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University.
Patcharee Tongkumkun (2015). Projects and work related to solving drug resistance problems of the Department
of Livestock Development. Veterinary Research and Development Center. National Institute of Animal Health. Department of Livestock Development. https://niah.dld.go.th/th/Section/bact/kitjakum/kitjakum_1/ Drug Resistance Project in Thailand.pdf. (in Thai)
Peter Borriello. (2016). UK-veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance Report. Veterinary Medicines
Directorate, 3, 11-15.
Ruaa Sheltagh Nile. (2015). Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infecton.
Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol, 6, 189-197.
Sayah, R.S., Kaneene, J.B., Johnson, Y. and Miller, R.A. (2005). Patterns of antimicrobial resistance observed in
Escherichia coli isolates obtained from domestic and wild-animal fecal samples, human septage, and surface water. Appl Environ Microbio, 71, 1394-1404.
Van Boeckel TP, Gandra S, Ashok A, Quentin Caudron et al. (2014). Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010.
an analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data, The Lancet infectious disease, 14(8), 742-750.
van den Bogaard AE and Stobberingh EE. (1999). Antibiotic usage in animals: impact on bacterial resistance and
public health. Drugs, 58, 589–607.
Versalovic J, Koeuth T, Lupski JR. (1991). Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application
to fingerprinting of bacterialgenomes. Nucleic Acids Research, 19(24), 6823-6831.
von Wintersdorff CJH, Penders J, van Niekerk JM, Mills ND, Majumder S, van Alphen LB, et al. (2016).
Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microbial Ecosystems through Horizontal Gene Transfer. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7(173), 1-10.
Nicholas PJ Day, Sharon J Peacock, Direk Limmathurotsakul. (2016). Epidemiology and burden of multidrugresistant bacterial infection in a developing country. Epidemiology and Global Health, 5,e 18082.
European Food Safety Authority. (2012). Teachnical specifications on the harmonized monitoring and reporting of
antimicrobial resistance in Sallmonella, Campylobacter and indicator Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. bacteria transmitted through food. EFSA Journal, 10(6), 27-42.
George Valiakos et al. (2016). Resistance in Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from Pig Faecal sample and Pig farm
Workers, Greece. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 11(4),142-144.
Lay KK, Koowattananukul C, Chansong N, Chuanchuen R. (2012). Antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and
phylogenetic characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from clinically healthy swine. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 9(11), 992-1001.
Magiorakos, A.P., Srinivasan, A., Carey, R. B. and Carmeli, Y. (2012). Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-
resistant and pandrugresistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect, 18, 268–281.
Mathew, A. G., A. L. Sutton, A. B. Scheidt, J. A. Patterson, D. T. Kelly, et al. (1993). Effect of galactan on selected
microbial populations and pH and volatile fatty acids in the ileum of the weanling pig. Journal of animal science, 7(11), 503–509.
Paltansing S, Vlot JA, Kraakman MEM, et al. (2013) Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae among travelers from the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis, 19(8), 1206-1213.
Panuphan Prapatigul. (2004). Farmers’ Knowledge and Practices on Antibiotic Utilization in Broiler Production in
Chiang Mai Province, Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University.
Patcharee Tongkumkun (2015). Projects and work related to solving drug resistance problems of the Department
of Livestock Development. Veterinary Research and Development Center. National Institute of Animal Health. Department of Livestock Development. https://niah.dld.go.th/th/Section/bact/kitjakum/kitjakum_1/ Drug Resistance Project in Thailand.pdf. (in Thai)
Peter Borriello. (2016). UK-veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance Report. Veterinary Medicines
Directorate, 3, 11-15.
Ruaa Sheltagh Nile. (2015). Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infecton.
Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol, 6, 189-197.
Sayah, R.S., Kaneene, J.B., Johnson, Y. and Miller, R.A. (2005). Patterns of antimicrobial resistance observed in
Escherichia coli isolates obtained from domestic and wild-animal fecal samples, human septage, and surface water. Appl Environ Microbio, 71, 1394-1404.
Van Boeckel TP, Gandra S, Ashok A, Quentin Caudron et al. (2014). Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010.
an analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data, The Lancet infectious disease, 14(8), 742-750.
van den Bogaard AE and Stobberingh EE. (1999). Antibiotic usage in animals: impact on bacterial resistance and
public health. Drugs, 58, 589–607.
Versalovic J, Koeuth T, Lupski JR. (1991). Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application
to fingerprinting of bacterialgenomes. Nucleic Acids Research, 19(24), 6823-6831.
von Wintersdorff CJH, Penders J, van Niekerk JM, Mills ND, Majumder S, van Alphen LB, et al. (2016).
Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microbial Ecosystems through Horizontal Gene Transfer. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7(173), 1-10.
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2022-09-01
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