Micro-Nano Bubble: Seed Priming with Trichoderma asperellum on Germination, Vigor and Seedling Growth of Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra)
Abstract
Currently, Chinese kale is commonly consumed as leafy vegetable because it has high nutrients and easy to eat. Nevertheless, it was found that the available Chinese kale seedlings which are used for cultivation either at a farmer level or industrial level have low vigor and inconsistent germination. As a result, this allows disease and insects to destroy the seedlings easily. From the aforementioned problem, seed priming is one of the alternatives to help make seeds germinate more consistent. The experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Laboratory and Biotechnology Laboratory, Field Crop Program, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University. The Completely Randomized Design is used as the experimental design and there were seven controlled groups which include T1) non-primed seeds, T2) seeds primed with distilled water, and T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 was seeds primed with nano-bubble water and eight grams of seeds primed with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 grams of T. asperellum. The results are the following. First, seeds primed with nano-bubble water and 1.0 grams of T. asperellum had higher speed of radicle emergence, germination percentage when compared to non–primed seeds. The differences were found statistically significant when tested under the laboratory condition. Second, regarding the quality of the seeds after accelerated aging, seeds primed with all ratios of nano-bubble water had higher radicle emergence percentage, speed of radicle emergence, germination percentage, and speed of germination compared to non-primed seeds. The differences were found to be statistically significant when tested under laboratory conditions. In conclusion, priming Chinese kale seeds with nano-bubble water and 1.0 grams of T. asperellum is considered the most appropriate ratio to enhance the quality of Chinese kale seeds. Keywords : seed enhancement ; microorganisms ; nano-bubble ; organic seed primingReferences
Amin, F., Razdan, V.K., Mohiddin, F.A., Bhat, K.A., & Sheikh, P.A. (2010). Effect of volatile metabolites of Thichoderma species against seven fungal plant pathogens in-vitro, Journal of Phytology, 2(10), 34-37.
Appleford, N.E.J., & Lenton, J.R. (1997). Hormonal regulation of a-amylase gene expression in germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains. Physiologia Plantarum, 100, 534-542.
Asaduzzaman, M., Alam, M.J., & Islam, M.M. (2010). Effect of Trichoderma on seed germination and seedling parameters of chili. Journal of Science Foundation, 8(1-2), 141-50.
Baki, A., & Anderson, J.D. (1973). Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13(6), 630- 633.
Bal, U., & Altintas, S. (2012). Application of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum (TrichoFlow WP(tm)) to root zone increases yield of bell peppers grown in soil. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 24(2), 149-63.
Bewley, J.D., Bradford, K.J. Hilhorst, H.W.M., & Nonogaki, H. (2013). Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy, 3rd Edition. New York: Springer.
Buato, N., & Chunnasit, B. (2016). Influence of Solar Radiation on the growth of Chinese kale within Polypropylene (PP, Spunbond) house. Songklanakarin Journal of Plant Science, 3(Suppl.3), 67-73.
Chanprasert, W. (2010). Seed Physiology. Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Chet, E.Y., & Katan, J. (1980). Trichoderma harzianum: A biocontrol agent effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizocionia solani, Phytopathology, 70, 119-121.
Davies, P. J. (2004). A. Introduction: the plant hormones: their nature, occurrence and functions. New York: Plant Hormones Biosynthesis.
Delouche, J.C., & Baskins, C.C. (1973). Accelerated aging techniques for predicting the relative storability of seed lots. Seed Science and Technology, 1, 427-452.
Ellis, R.A., & Roberts, E.H. (1980). The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 9(2), 373-409.
Fogarty, W.M. (1983). Microbial amylases. In W.M. Fogarty. (Ed.), Microbial Enzyme and Biotech, (pp. 1-90) London: Applied Science Publishers.
Hansuri, J., & Siri, B. (2018). Effects of seed coating with mixed plant hormones for seed qualities enhancement of hybrid cucumber. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 46(3), 507-516.
Harman, G.E. (2006). Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, 96(2), 190–194.
Harman, G.E., Petzoldt, R., Comis, A., & Chen, J. (2004). Interactions between Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 and maize inbred line Mo17 and effects of these interactions on diseases caused by Pythium ultimum and Colletotrichum graminicola. Phytopathology, 94(2), 147–153.
Hentrich, M., Boettcher, C., & Duchting, P. (2013). The jasmonic acid signaling pathway is linked to auxin homeostasis through the modulation of YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 gene expression. Plant Journal, 74, 626-637.
Inbar, J., Abramsky, M., Cohen, D., & Chet, I. (1994). Plant-growth enhancement and disease-control by Trichoderma harzianum in vegetable seedlings grown under commercial conditions. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 100(5), 337–346.
ISTA. (2017). International Rules for Seed Testing, Edition 2017. Bassersdorf: International Seed Testing Association.
Jeephet, P., Kangsopa, J., & Atnaseo, C. (2020). Effect of seed pelleting with microbial inoculant MMO1 and MMO2 on germination and seedling growth of kale (Brassica alboglabra). In Proceeding the 17th National Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Sean Conference, (pp. 260-268.). Thailand: Nakhon Pathom. (in Thai)
Kaveh, H., Jartoodeh, S.V., Aruee, H., & Mazhabi, M. (2011). Would trichoderma affect seed germination and seedling quality of two muskmelon cultivars, Khatooni and Qasri and increase their transplanting Lawlor success. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(15), 169-175.
Kleifeld, O., & Chet, I. (1992). Trichoderma harzianum: interaction with plants and effect on growth-response. Plant Soil, 144(2), 267–272.
Kumlay, A.M., & Eryigit, T. (2011). Growth and development regulators in plants: plant hormones. Igdir University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 1, 47–56.
Lawlor, D.W. (2002). Limitation to photosynthesis in water‐stressed leaves: stomata vs. metabolism and the role of ATP. Annals of Botany, 89(7), 871-885.
Liu, P.P., Koizuka, N., Homrichhausen, T.M., Hewitt, J.R., Martin, R.C., & Nonogaki, H. (2005). Large-scale screening of Arabidopsis enhancer-trap lines for seed germination-associated genes. Plant Journal, 41, 936-944.
Maeda, K., Spor, A., Edel-Hermann, V., Heraud, C., Breuil, M.C., Bizouard, F., Toyoda, S., Yoshida, N., Steinberg, C., & Philippot, L. (2015). N2O production, a widespread trait in fungi. Scientific Reports, 5, 9697.
Maketon, M. (2004). Efficacies of Trichoderma harzianum rifai (AP-001) for controlling root and stem rot in chili caused by sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in farmer's plantation. KU Science Journal (Thailand), 22(2-3), 49-56. (in Thai)
Marois, J., & Locke, J. (1985). Population dynamics of Trichoderma viride in steamed plant growth medium, Phytopathology, 75(1), 115-118.
Mcdonald, M.B. (2000). Seed priming. In M. Black, & J.D. Bewley. (Eds.), Seed Technology and Its Biology Basis. (pp. 287-326). Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Naenfan, S., & Pagamas, P. (2020). Effect of nano-bubble priming on seed germination and seedling growth of France marigold. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 48(3), 515-526. (in Thai)
Saba, H., Vibhash, D., Manisha. M., Prashant, K.S., Farhan, H., & Tauseef, A. (2012). Trichoderma - a promising plant growth stimulator and biocontrol agent. Mycosphere, 3(4), 524-31.
Siri, B. (2015). Seed Conditioning and Seed Enhancements. Khon Kaen: Klangnanavitthaya Press. (in Thai)
Sritontip, C., Phonsaeng, W., Thonglek, V., Dechthummarong, C., & Yoshikawa, K. (2018). The application of micro/nano bubbles to seed germination and seedling growth of chinese kale. Agricultural Science Journal, 49(Suppl.), 37-41. (in Thai)
Subnugarn, S. (2017). Effects of optimum concentration and duration for seed soaking with wood vinegar on seed germination and growth of chinese kale. Rajabhat Agriculture Journal, 16(2), 53-60. (in Thai)
Taylor, A.G., Allen, P.S., Bennett, M.A., Bradford, K.J., Burris, J.S., & Misra, M.K. (1998). Seed enhancements. Seed Science Research, 8, 245–256.
The Office of Agricultural Regulation. (2020). Quantity and Export Values of Seed Controlled. Retrieved June 25, 2021, from https://bit.ly/3x4IwXG. (in Thai)
Yamaguchi, S. (2008). Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 225–251.
Appleford, N.E.J., & Lenton, J.R. (1997). Hormonal regulation of a-amylase gene expression in germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains. Physiologia Plantarum, 100, 534-542.
Asaduzzaman, M., Alam, M.J., & Islam, M.M. (2010). Effect of Trichoderma on seed germination and seedling parameters of chili. Journal of Science Foundation, 8(1-2), 141-50.
Baki, A., & Anderson, J.D. (1973). Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13(6), 630- 633.
Bal, U., & Altintas, S. (2012). Application of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum (TrichoFlow WP(tm)) to root zone increases yield of bell peppers grown in soil. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 24(2), 149-63.
Bewley, J.D., Bradford, K.J. Hilhorst, H.W.M., & Nonogaki, H. (2013). Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy, 3rd Edition. New York: Springer.
Buato, N., & Chunnasit, B. (2016). Influence of Solar Radiation on the growth of Chinese kale within Polypropylene (PP, Spunbond) house. Songklanakarin Journal of Plant Science, 3(Suppl.3), 67-73.
Chanprasert, W. (2010). Seed Physiology. Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Chet, E.Y., & Katan, J. (1980). Trichoderma harzianum: A biocontrol agent effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizocionia solani, Phytopathology, 70, 119-121.
Davies, P. J. (2004). A. Introduction: the plant hormones: their nature, occurrence and functions. New York: Plant Hormones Biosynthesis.
Delouche, J.C., & Baskins, C.C. (1973). Accelerated aging techniques for predicting the relative storability of seed lots. Seed Science and Technology, 1, 427-452.
Ellis, R.A., & Roberts, E.H. (1980). The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 9(2), 373-409.
Fogarty, W.M. (1983). Microbial amylases. In W.M. Fogarty. (Ed.), Microbial Enzyme and Biotech, (pp. 1-90) London: Applied Science Publishers.
Hansuri, J., & Siri, B. (2018). Effects of seed coating with mixed plant hormones for seed qualities enhancement of hybrid cucumber. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 46(3), 507-516.
Harman, G.E. (2006). Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, 96(2), 190–194.
Harman, G.E., Petzoldt, R., Comis, A., & Chen, J. (2004). Interactions between Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 and maize inbred line Mo17 and effects of these interactions on diseases caused by Pythium ultimum and Colletotrichum graminicola. Phytopathology, 94(2), 147–153.
Hentrich, M., Boettcher, C., & Duchting, P. (2013). The jasmonic acid signaling pathway is linked to auxin homeostasis through the modulation of YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 gene expression. Plant Journal, 74, 626-637.
Inbar, J., Abramsky, M., Cohen, D., & Chet, I. (1994). Plant-growth enhancement and disease-control by Trichoderma harzianum in vegetable seedlings grown under commercial conditions. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 100(5), 337–346.
ISTA. (2017). International Rules for Seed Testing, Edition 2017. Bassersdorf: International Seed Testing Association.
Jeephet, P., Kangsopa, J., & Atnaseo, C. (2020). Effect of seed pelleting with microbial inoculant MMO1 and MMO2 on germination and seedling growth of kale (Brassica alboglabra). In Proceeding the 17th National Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Sean Conference, (pp. 260-268.). Thailand: Nakhon Pathom. (in Thai)
Kaveh, H., Jartoodeh, S.V., Aruee, H., & Mazhabi, M. (2011). Would trichoderma affect seed germination and seedling quality of two muskmelon cultivars, Khatooni and Qasri and increase their transplanting Lawlor success. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(15), 169-175.
Kleifeld, O., & Chet, I. (1992). Trichoderma harzianum: interaction with plants and effect on growth-response. Plant Soil, 144(2), 267–272.
Kumlay, A.M., & Eryigit, T. (2011). Growth and development regulators in plants: plant hormones. Igdir University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 1, 47–56.
Lawlor, D.W. (2002). Limitation to photosynthesis in water‐stressed leaves: stomata vs. metabolism and the role of ATP. Annals of Botany, 89(7), 871-885.
Liu, P.P., Koizuka, N., Homrichhausen, T.M., Hewitt, J.R., Martin, R.C., & Nonogaki, H. (2005). Large-scale screening of Arabidopsis enhancer-trap lines for seed germination-associated genes. Plant Journal, 41, 936-944.
Maeda, K., Spor, A., Edel-Hermann, V., Heraud, C., Breuil, M.C., Bizouard, F., Toyoda, S., Yoshida, N., Steinberg, C., & Philippot, L. (2015). N2O production, a widespread trait in fungi. Scientific Reports, 5, 9697.
Maketon, M. (2004). Efficacies of Trichoderma harzianum rifai (AP-001) for controlling root and stem rot in chili caused by sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in farmer's plantation. KU Science Journal (Thailand), 22(2-3), 49-56. (in Thai)
Marois, J., & Locke, J. (1985). Population dynamics of Trichoderma viride in steamed plant growth medium, Phytopathology, 75(1), 115-118.
Mcdonald, M.B. (2000). Seed priming. In M. Black, & J.D. Bewley. (Eds.), Seed Technology and Its Biology Basis. (pp. 287-326). Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Naenfan, S., & Pagamas, P. (2020). Effect of nano-bubble priming on seed germination and seedling growth of France marigold. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 48(3), 515-526. (in Thai)
Saba, H., Vibhash, D., Manisha. M., Prashant, K.S., Farhan, H., & Tauseef, A. (2012). Trichoderma - a promising plant growth stimulator and biocontrol agent. Mycosphere, 3(4), 524-31.
Siri, B. (2015). Seed Conditioning and Seed Enhancements. Khon Kaen: Klangnanavitthaya Press. (in Thai)
Sritontip, C., Phonsaeng, W., Thonglek, V., Dechthummarong, C., & Yoshikawa, K. (2018). The application of micro/nano bubbles to seed germination and seedling growth of chinese kale. Agricultural Science Journal, 49(Suppl.), 37-41. (in Thai)
Subnugarn, S. (2017). Effects of optimum concentration and duration for seed soaking with wood vinegar on seed germination and growth of chinese kale. Rajabhat Agriculture Journal, 16(2), 53-60. (in Thai)
Taylor, A.G., Allen, P.S., Bennett, M.A., Bradford, K.J., Burris, J.S., & Misra, M.K. (1998). Seed enhancements. Seed Science Research, 8, 245–256.
The Office of Agricultural Regulation. (2020). Quantity and Export Values of Seed Controlled. Retrieved June 25, 2021, from https://bit.ly/3x4IwXG. (in Thai)
Yamaguchi, S. (2008). Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 225–251.
Downloads
Published
2022-05-20
Issue
Section
Research Article
