Female Gametophyte Development of Carica papaya L. and Its Possible Role in Seed Quality
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fruit crop with versatility for consumption and manufacturing into products. Originated in Central America, it is currently cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries. Due to its economic importance, small genome size and the presence of Y-chromosome, papaya is considered to be a plant model for tropical fruits and for the sex determination study. Carica papaya cv. Khak Dum is the most widely grown papaya cultivar in Thailand. The fruit can be consumed as vegetable at mature green stage and as fruit at ripe stage. The inconsistency of seed quality including seed number and its germination rate however is occurred frequently. This causes difficulty in seed collection and plantlet preparation. In order to investigate the basis of such irregularity, the morphology of female gametophytes and seed numbers and maturity from Khak Dum fruit were determined. The data was compared with that of Carica papaya cv. Pluk Mai Lie, a cultivar known for its consistency in seed quality. The outcome showed that stigma morphology significantly impacted seed quality in papaya fruit. Papaya cv. Pluk Mai Lie with short stigma was likely promoted high fertilization and consequently produced large amount of good quality papaya seeds. On the other hand, Papaya cv. Khak Dum with significantly longer stigma produced lower numbers of good quality seeds. Keywords : light microscopy, fruit, cellular structure, papayaReferences
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Tamaki, M., Urasaki, N., Sunakawa, Y., Motomura, K., & Adaniya, S. (2011). Seasonal variations in pollen germination ability, reproductive function of pistils, and seeds and fruit yield in papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Okinawa. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 80(2), 156-163.
Waites, A. R. and Gren, J. A. (2006) Stigma receptivity and effects of prior self-pollination on seed set in tristylous Lythrum salicaria (LYTHRACEAE). American Journal of Botany, 93(1), 142-147.
Drew, R. (2016). Marker assisted breeding of papaya to develop new commercial lines. Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited. ISBN 0 7341 3751 6
Gonsalves, D. (2006). Transgenic Papaya: Development, Release, Impact and Challenges. Advances in Virus Research, 67, 317-354.
Iamjud, K., Srimat, S., Tatlumluk, W., Wasee, S. and Thaipong, K. (2014) Number of seeds, seed weight and germination in 9 cultivars of papaya. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 42, 168-173.
Karunamoorthi, K., Kim, H. M., Jegajeevanram, K., Xavier, J. and Vijayalakshmi, J. (2014). Papaya: A gifted nutraceutical plant- a critical review of recent human health research. TANG Humanitas medicine, 4(1), 1-17.
Kobayashi, K., Horisaki, A., Niikura, S. and Ohsawa, R. (2009) Floral morphology affects seed productivity through pollination efficiency in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Euphytica, 168, 263-274.
Liu, Z., Moore, P. H., Ma, H., Ackerman, C. M., Ragiba, M., Yu, Q., Pearl, H. M., Kim, M. S., Charlton, J. W. and Stiles, J. I. (2004). A primitive Y chromosome in papaya marks incipient sex chromosome evolution. Nature, 427, 348-352.
Ma, H., Moore, P. H., Liu, Z., Kim, M. S., Yu, Q., Fitch, M. M., Sekioka, T., Paterson, A. H. and Ming, R. (2004). High-density linkage mapping revealed suppression of recombination at the sex determination locus in papaya. Genetics, 166, 419-436.
de Macedo, C. M. P., Pereira, M. G., Cardoso, D. L., & da Silva, R. F. (2013). Evaluation of seed physiological quality of papaya elite hybrids, their reciprocal crosses and parents1. Journal of Seed Science, 35(2), 190-197.
Medina, J., Gutiérrez, G. V. and García, H. S. (2004). PAWPAW: Post-harvest Operation. Post-harvest compendium. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Edited by AGSI/FAO: Danilo Mejía, PhD, AGST, FAO (Technical).
Moore, P. H. and Ming R. (2008). Papaya Genome: A Model for Tropical Fruit Trees and Beyond. Tropical Plant Biology, 1, 179-180.
OECD/FAO (2020), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020-2029, FAO, Rome/OECD Publishing, Paris, Retrieved March 19, 2021,, from https://doi.org/10.1787/1112c23b-en.
Riccini, A., Picarella, M. E., De Angelis, F. and Mazzucato, A. (2021) Bulk RNA-Seq analysis to dissect the regulation of stigma position in tomato. Plant Molecular Biology, 105, 263-285.
Tamaki, M., Urasaki, N., Sunakawa, Y., Motomura, K., & Adaniya, S. (2011). Seasonal variations in pollen germination ability, reproductive function of pistils, and seeds and fruit yield in papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Okinawa. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 80(2), 156-163.
Waites, A. R. and Gren, J. A. (2006) Stigma receptivity and effects of prior self-pollination on seed set in tristylous Lythrum salicaria (LYTHRACEAE). American Journal of Botany, 93(1), 142-147.
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Published
2022-05-18
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บทความวิจัยจาก The 38th International Conference of the Microscopy Society of Thailand
