Nanostructured ZnO Films Prepared by Modified Thermal Oxidation of Zinc Film Deposited on Mesh Substrate
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were prepared by electrochemical deposition on a stainless steel mesh substrate (SSM) at a potential difference of 4 volts. Oxidation temperatures of 300, 500, and 700°C for 1 hour were used to modify the crystal structure and morphology of the ZnO films. The morphological and structural properties of the ZnO films were analyzed with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. The results indicated that the ZnO films exhibited the crystal structure of hexagonal wurtzite. The crystallinity and crystalline size improved with increasing oxidation temperature. The highest crystalline size of ZnO was about 29.82 nm for an oxidation temperature of 700°C. The ZnO films showed morphology of nanosheet structure with a hydrophobic surface of water contact angle about 148.2° ± 1.3°. All ZnO films were tested for their photocatalytic properties with degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution for various ultraviolet (UV) irradiation time. The results showed that oxidation temperature significantly affected both the crystal structure and photocatalytic activity of ZnO films. The ZnO films prepared at a temperature of 700°C exhibited the best degradation of MB solution of about 75.23%. Keywords: ZnO, thermal oxidation, nanostructure, photocatalytic activityReferences
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Demirci, S., Ozturk, B., Yildirim, S., Bakal, F., Erol, M., Sancakoglu, O., Yigit, R., Celik, E., & Batar, T. (2015). Synthesis and comparison of the photocatalytic activities of flame spray pyrolysis and sol-gel derived magnesium oxide nano-scale particles. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 34, 154–161.
Dikici, T. (2017). Temperature-dependent growth of ZnO structures by thermal oxidation of Zn coatings electrodeposited on steel substrates and their photocatalytic activities. Ceramics International, 43(11), 8289–8293.
Du, B., Jiang, J., Li, J., & ZHU, W. (2019). Effects of ZnO Magnetron Sputtering on Surface Charge and Flashover Voltage of Oil-impregnated Paper. High Voltage, 4, 308-315.
Desai, M. A., Sharma, V., Prasad, M., Jadkar, S., Saratale, G. D., & Sartale, S. D. (2019). Seed-layer-free deposition of well-oriented ZnO nanorods thin films by SILAR and their photoelectrochemical studies, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 5783-5792.
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Han, B., Liu, X., Xing, X., Chen, N., Xiao, X., Liu, S., & Wang, Y. (2016). A high response butanol gas sensor based on ZnO hollow spheres. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 237, 423–430.
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Ong, C. B., Ng, L. Y., & Mohammad, A. W. (2018). A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: Synthesis, mechanisms and applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 536–551.
Pereira, M.M., Kurnia, K.A., Sousa, F.L., Silva, N.J.O., Lopes-da-Silva, J.A., Coutinho, J.A.P., & Freire, M.G. (2015). Contact angles and wettability of ionic liquids on polar and non-polar surfaces. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,17(47), 31653–31661.
Ridhuan, N. S., Abdul Razak, K., Lockman, Z., & Abdul Aziz, A. (2012). Structural and Morphology of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized Using ZnO Seeded Growth Hydrothermal Method and Its Properties as UV Sensing. PLOS ONE, 7(11), e50405.
Rojas-Chavez, H., Cruz-Martínez, H., Montejo-Alvaro, F., Farías, R., Hernandez-Rodriguez, Y. M., Guillen-Cervantes, A., & Cigarroa-Mayorga, O. E. (2020). The formation of ZnO structures using thermal oxidation: How a previous chemical etching favors either needle-like or cross-linked structures. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 108, 104888.
Swinehart, D. F. (1962). The Beer-Lambert Law, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol.39(7), 333.
Sahu, D.R., Hong, L.Y., Wang, S.C., & Huang, J.L. (2009). Synthesis, analysis and characterization of ordered mesoporous /SBA-15 matrix: effect of calcination temperature. Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 117 ,640–649.
Starkweather, B.A., Zhang, X., & Counce, R.M. (2000). An Experimental Study of the Change in the Contact Angle of an Oil on a Solid Surface. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 39(2), 362–366.
Tian, C., Zhang, Q., Wu, A., Jiang, M., Liang, Z., Jiang, B., & Fu, H. (2012). Cost-effective large-scale synthesis of ZnO photocatalyst with excellent performance for dye photodegradation. Chemical Communications, 48(23), 2858.
Velayi, E., & Norouzbeigi, R. (2017). Robust superhydrophobic needle-like nanostructured ZnO surfaces prepared without post chemical-treatment. Applied Surface Science, 426, 674–687.
Wallace, I., Eshu, O. V., Chukwunonso, O. B. & Okoro, U. C. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanowire. Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, 06(05).
Wu, F., Wang, C., Wu, M., Vinodgopal, K., & Dai, G.-P. (2018). Large Area Synthesis of Vertical Aligned Metal Oxide Nanosheets by Thermal Oxidation of Stainless Steel Mesh and Foil. Materials, 11(6), 884.
Xu, L., Miao, J., Chen, Y., Su, J., Yang, M., Zhang, L., & Ding, S. (2018). Characterization of Ag-doped ZnO thin film for its potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Optik, 170, 484–491.
Yu, J. C., Yu, Ho, Jiang, & Zhang. (2002). Effects of F-Doping on the Photocatalytic Activity and Microstructures of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powders. Chemistry of Materials, 14(9), 3808–3816.
Yuan, L., Wang, C., Cai, R., Wang, Y., & Zhou, G. (2013). Spontaneous ZnO nanowire formation during oxidation of Cu-Zn alloy. Journal of Applied Physics, 114(2), 023512.
Zhao, C. X., Li, Y. F., Zhou, J., Li, L. Y., Deng, S. Z., Xu, N. S., & Chen, J. (2013). Large-Scale Synthesis of Bicrystalline ZnO Nanowire Arrays by Thermal Oxidation of Zinc Film: Growth Mechanism and High-Performance Field Emission. Crystal Growth & Design, 13(7), 2897–2905.
Altaweel, A., Imam, A., Ghanbaja, J., Mangin, D., Miska, P., Gries, T., & Belmonte, T. (2017). Fast synthesis of ultrathin ZnO nanowires by oxidation of Cu/Zn stacks in low-pressure afterglow. Nanotechnology, 28(8), 085602.
Arafat, M. M., Rozali, S., Haseeb, A. S. M., & Ibrahim, S. (2020). Direct and catalyst-free synthesis of ZnO nanowires on brass by thermal oxidation. Nanotechnology, 31, 12344.
Basnet, P., & Chatterjee, S. (2020). Structure-directing property and growth mechanism induced by capping agents in nanostructured ZnO during hydrothermal synthesis - A systematic review. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 22, 100426.
Ballesteros-Balbuena, M., Roa-Morales, G., Vilchis-Nestor, A. R., Castrejón-Sánchez, V. H., Vigueras-Santiago, E., Balderas-Hernández, P., & Camacho-López, M. (2020). Photocatalytic urchin-like and needle-like ZnO nanostructures synthetized by thermal oxidation. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 122703.
Chen, Z., Shum, K., Salagaj, T., Wei Zhang, & Strobl, K. (2010). ZnO thin films synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. 2010 IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference.
Demirci, S., Ozturk, B., Yildirim, S., Bakal, F., Erol, M., Sancakoglu, O., Yigit, R., Celik, E., & Batar, T. (2015). Synthesis and comparison of the photocatalytic activities of flame spray pyrolysis and sol-gel derived magnesium oxide nano-scale particles. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 34, 154–161.
Dikici, T. (2017). Temperature-dependent growth of ZnO structures by thermal oxidation of Zn coatings electrodeposited on steel substrates and their photocatalytic activities. Ceramics International, 43(11), 8289–8293.
Du, B., Jiang, J., Li, J., & ZHU, W. (2019). Effects of ZnO Magnetron Sputtering on Surface Charge and Flashover Voltage of Oil-impregnated Paper. High Voltage, 4, 308-315.
Desai, M. A., Sharma, V., Prasad, M., Jadkar, S., Saratale, G. D., & Sartale, S. D. (2019). Seed-layer-free deposition of well-oriented ZnO nanorods thin films by SILAR and their photoelectrochemical studies, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 5783-5792.
Fan, G., Huang, Z., Jiang, J., & Sun, L. (2011). Standard molar enthalpy of formation of the ZnO nanosheets. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 110(3), 1471–1474.
Han, B., Liu, X., Xing, X., Chen, N., Xiao, X., Liu, S., & Wang, Y. (2016). A high response butanol gas sensor based on ZnO hollow spheres. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 237, 423–430.
Haq, I. ul, Jacob, J., Mehboob, K., Mahmood, K., Ali, A., Amin, N., & Ashraf, F. (2020). Effect of annealing temperature on the thermoelectric properties of ZnInO thin films grown by physical vapor deposition. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 412569.
Jouya, M., Taromian, F., & Afshari Abolkarlou, M. (2020). Growth of Zn thin films based on electric field by thermal evaporation method and effect of oxidation time on physical properties of ZnO nanorods, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 321.
Khanlary, M. R., Vahedi, V., & Reyhani, A. (2012). Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanowires by Thermal Oxidation of Zn Thin Films at Various Temperatures. Molecules, 17(5), 5021–5029.
Kumari, C., Pandey, A., & Dixit, A. (2018). Zn interstitial defects and their contribution as efficient light blue emitters in Zn rich ZnO thin films. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 735, 2318–2323.
Kobina Sam, E., Kobina Sam, D., Lv, X., Liu, B., Xiao, X., Gong, S., & Liu, J. (2019). Recent development in the fabrication of self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces. Chemical Engineering Journal, 373, 531–546.
Leitner, J., Bartunek, V., Sedmidubsky, D., & Jankovsky, O. (2018). Thermodynamic properties of nanostructured ZnO. Applied Materials Today, 10, 1–11.
Li, F., Wang, Z., Huang, S., Pan, Y., Zhao, X. (2018). Flexible, Durable, and Unconditioned Superoleophobic/Superhydrophilic Surfaces for Controllable Transport and Oil-Water Separation. Advanced Functional Materials, 28(20), 1706867.
Ong, C. B., Ng, L. Y., & Mohammad, A. W. (2018). A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: Synthesis, mechanisms and applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 536–551.
Pereira, M.M., Kurnia, K.A., Sousa, F.L., Silva, N.J.O., Lopes-da-Silva, J.A., Coutinho, J.A.P., & Freire, M.G. (2015). Contact angles and wettability of ionic liquids on polar and non-polar surfaces. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,17(47), 31653–31661.
Ridhuan, N. S., Abdul Razak, K., Lockman, Z., & Abdul Aziz, A. (2012). Structural and Morphology of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized Using ZnO Seeded Growth Hydrothermal Method and Its Properties as UV Sensing. PLOS ONE, 7(11), e50405.
Rojas-Chavez, H., Cruz-Martínez, H., Montejo-Alvaro, F., Farías, R., Hernandez-Rodriguez, Y. M., Guillen-Cervantes, A., & Cigarroa-Mayorga, O. E. (2020). The formation of ZnO structures using thermal oxidation: How a previous chemical etching favors either needle-like or cross-linked structures. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 108, 104888.
Swinehart, D. F. (1962). The Beer-Lambert Law, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol.39(7), 333.
Sahu, D.R., Hong, L.Y., Wang, S.C., & Huang, J.L. (2009). Synthesis, analysis and characterization of ordered mesoporous /SBA-15 matrix: effect of calcination temperature. Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 117 ,640–649.
Starkweather, B.A., Zhang, X., & Counce, R.M. (2000). An Experimental Study of the Change in the Contact Angle of an Oil on a Solid Surface. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 39(2), 362–366.
Tian, C., Zhang, Q., Wu, A., Jiang, M., Liang, Z., Jiang, B., & Fu, H. (2012). Cost-effective large-scale synthesis of ZnO photocatalyst with excellent performance for dye photodegradation. Chemical Communications, 48(23), 2858.
Velayi, E., & Norouzbeigi, R. (2017). Robust superhydrophobic needle-like nanostructured ZnO surfaces prepared without post chemical-treatment. Applied Surface Science, 426, 674–687.
Wallace, I., Eshu, O. V., Chukwunonso, O. B. & Okoro, U. C. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanowire. Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, 06(05).
Wu, F., Wang, C., Wu, M., Vinodgopal, K., & Dai, G.-P. (2018). Large Area Synthesis of Vertical Aligned Metal Oxide Nanosheets by Thermal Oxidation of Stainless Steel Mesh and Foil. Materials, 11(6), 884.
Xu, L., Miao, J., Chen, Y., Su, J., Yang, M., Zhang, L., & Ding, S. (2018). Characterization of Ag-doped ZnO thin film for its potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Optik, 170, 484–491.
Yu, J. C., Yu, Ho, Jiang, & Zhang. (2002). Effects of F-Doping on the Photocatalytic Activity and Microstructures of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powders. Chemistry of Materials, 14(9), 3808–3816.
Yuan, L., Wang, C., Cai, R., Wang, Y., & Zhou, G. (2013). Spontaneous ZnO nanowire formation during oxidation of Cu-Zn alloy. Journal of Applied Physics, 114(2), 023512.
Zhao, C. X., Li, Y. F., Zhou, J., Li, L. Y., Deng, S. Z., Xu, N. S., & Chen, J. (2013). Large-Scale Synthesis of Bicrystalline ZnO Nanowire Arrays by Thermal Oxidation of Zinc Film: Growth Mechanism and High-Performance Field Emission. Crystal Growth & Design, 13(7), 2897–2905.
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2022-05-18
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บทความวิจัยจาก The 38th International Conference of the Microscopy Society of Thailand
