Study of Palm Oil Catalytic Cracking on ZSM-5 Zeolite for Production of Organic Liquid Product Using Response Surface Methodology
Abstract
This research aims to study the catalytic cracking process of refined palm oil with H+-Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (HZSM-5) in fixed bed reactor. The influence of parameters which affect to the optimum condition that obtain the maximum percentage of organic liquid product (OLP) was investigated. The process parameters including temperature (400 – 600oC) and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) (23.20 – 68.70 hr-1) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the statistic and developed to obtain the quadratic polynomial regression model. The results confirmed that the temperature was affecting the %OLP more than WHSV. The optimal conditions were temperature 480oC and WHSV 27.6 hr-1 and the experimental %OLP under condition was 51.5%, which was 91.5% of the predicted %OLP. The statistic results showed that %OLP significantly affected by the both studied factors and was well fitted by obtained equation. The results suggest that the predicted model data was in good with the experiment data. The OLP composition consists of olefin and paraffin fraction of 19.4% and 15.2%, respectively. Keywords : refined palm oil ; catalytic cracking process ; organic liquid product ; response surface methodologyReferences
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Dujjanutat, P. & Kaewkannetra, P. (2020). Production of bio-hydrogenated kerosene by catalytic hydrocracking from refined bleached deodorised palm/ palm kernel oils. Renewable Energy, 147, 464-472.
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Khammasan, T. & Tippayawong, N. (2018). Light Liquid Fuel from Catalytic Cracking of Beef Tallow with ZSM-5. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 8(1), 407-413.
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Rahman, M.H., Bhoi, P.R., Saha, A., Patil, V. & Adhikari, S. (2021). Thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and high-density polyethylene for improving the yield and quality of pyrolysis liquid. Energy, 225, 120231.
Saad, A., Ratanawilai, S. & Tongurai, C. (2015). Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components. BioResources, 10(2), 3224-3241.
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Shrivastava, Y. & Singh, B. (2021). Tool chatter prediction based on empirical mode decomposition and response surface methodology. Measurement, 173, 108585.
Sirajudin, N., Jusoff, K., Yani, S. & Roesyadi, L.I.a.A. (2013). Biofuel Production from Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil. World Applied Sciences Journal 26 (Natural Resources Research and Development in Sulawesi Indonesia), 67-71.
Sultana, N., Hossain, S.M.Z., Alam, M.S., Hashish, M.M.A. & Islam, M.S. (2020). An experimental investigation and modeling approach of response surface methodology coupled with crow search algorithm for optimizing the properties of jute fiber reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 243, 118216.
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Tariq, R., Maqbool, F. & Abbas, S.Z. (2021). Small-scale production of hydrogen via auto-thermal reforming in an adiabatic packed bed reactor: Parametric study and reactor's optimization through response surface methodology. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 145, 107192.
Yotsomnuk, P. & Skolpap, W. (2018). Effect of Process Parameters on Yield of Biofuel Production from Waste Virgin Coconut Oil. Engineering Journal 22(6), 21-35.
Chew, T.L. & Bhatia, S. (2008). Catalytic processes towards the production of biofuels in a palm oil and oil palm biomass-based biorefinery. Bioresource Technology, 99(17), 7911-7922.
Dujjanutat, P. & Kaewkannetra, P. (2020). Production of bio-hydrogenated kerosene by catalytic hydrocracking from refined bleached deodorised palm/ palm kernel oils. Renewable Energy, 147, 464-472.
Hassan, S.N., Sani, Y.M., Abdul Aziz, A.R., Sulaiman, N.M.N. & Daud, W.M.A.W. (2015). Biogasoline: An out-of-the-box solution to the food-for-fuel and land-use competitions. Energy Conversion and Management, 89, 349-367.
Istadi, I., Riyanto, T., Khofiyanida, E., Buchori, L., Anggoro, D.D., Sumantri, I., Putro, B.H.S. & Firnanda, A.S. (2021). Low-oxygenated biofuels production from palm oil through hydrocracking process using the enhanced Spent RFCC catalysts. Bioresource Technology Reports, 14, 100677.
Khammasan, T. & Tippayawong, N. (2018). Light Liquid Fuel from Catalytic Cracking of Beef Tallow with ZSM-5. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 8(1), 407-413.
Makertihartha, I.G.B.N., Fitradi, R.B., Ramadhani, A.R., Laniwati, M., Muraza, O. & Subagjo (2020). Biogasoline Production from Palm Oil: Optimization of Catalytic Cracking Parameters. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering(9).
Memon, A.M., Hartadi Sutanto, M., Napiah, M., Khan, M.I. & Rafiq, W. (2020). Modeling and optimization of mixing conditions for petroleum sludge modified bitumen using response surface methodology. Construction and Building Materials, 264, 120701.
Mishra, A., Sawood, G.M., Gautam, S.B. & Trivedi, R.K. (2021). Optimization of process inputs for the synthesis of waste rice bran oil isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 424 biosurfactant using response surface methodology for oil recovery applications. Bioresource Technology Reports, 14, 100653.
National Statistical Office. (2020). "Quantity and Value of Crude Oil and Condensate Imports 2010 - 2019." from http://statbbi.nso.go.th/staticreport/page/sector/th/13.aspx. (in Thai)
Nishu, Liu, R., Rahman, M.M., Sarker, M., Chai, M., Li, C. & Cai, J. (2020). A review on the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for the bio-oil production with ZSM-5: Focus on structure. Fuel Processing Technology, 199, 106301.
No, S.-Y. (2014). Application of hydrotreated vegetable oil from triglyceride based biomass to CI engines – A review. Fuel, 115, 88-96.
Nuhma, M.J., Alias, H., Tahir, M. & Jazie, A.A. (2021). Microalgae biomass conversion into biofuel using modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42, 2308-2313.
Qu, T., Niu, S., Gong, Z., Han, K., Wang, Y. & Lu, C. (2020). Wollastonite decorated with calcium oxide as heterogeneous transesterification catalyst for biodiesel production: Optimized by response surface methodology. Renewable Energy, 159, 873-884.
Rahman, M.H., Bhoi, P.R., Saha, A., Patil, V. & Adhikari, S. (2021). Thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and high-density polyethylene for improving the yield and quality of pyrolysis liquid. Energy, 225, 120231.
Saad, A., Ratanawilai, S. & Tongurai, C. (2015). Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components. BioResources, 10(2), 3224-3241.
Saidur, R., Abdelaziz, E.A., Demirbas, A., Hossain, M.S. & Mekhilef, S. (2011). A review on biomass as a fuel for boilers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(5), 2262-2289.
Shrivastava, Y. & Singh, B. (2021). Tool chatter prediction based on empirical mode decomposition and response surface methodology. Measurement, 173, 108585.
Sirajudin, N., Jusoff, K., Yani, S. & Roesyadi, L.I.a.A. (2013). Biofuel Production from Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil. World Applied Sciences Journal 26 (Natural Resources Research and Development in Sulawesi Indonesia), 67-71.
Sultana, N., Hossain, S.M.Z., Alam, M.S., Hashish, M.M.A. & Islam, M.S. (2020). An experimental investigation and modeling approach of response surface methodology coupled with crow search algorithm for optimizing the properties of jute fiber reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 243, 118216.
Tambun, R., Gusti, O.N., Nasution, M.A. & Saptawaldi, R.P. (2017). Biofuel Production from Palm Olein by Catalytic Cracking Process using ZSM-5 Catalyst. Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan, 6(1), 50-55.
Tariq, R., Maqbool, F. & Abbas, S.Z. (2021). Small-scale production of hydrogen via auto-thermal reforming in an adiabatic packed bed reactor: Parametric study and reactor's optimization through response surface methodology. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 145, 107192.
Yotsomnuk, P. & Skolpap, W. (2018). Effect of Process Parameters on Yield of Biofuel Production from Waste Virgin Coconut Oil. Engineering Journal 22(6), 21-35.
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Published
2022-09-06
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