Primary Productivity of Two Phytoplankton Cell Sizes in Laboratory
Abstract
This research aimed to study the primary productivity of two phytoplankton cell sizes in laboratory. The chosen phytoplankton for this study were found at river mouths, mangroves and seashores of the Gulf of Thailand. They were the phytoplankton Chattonella subsalsa (23.18 x 30.3 µm) and Isochrysis sp. (4.33 µm), represented as microplankton and nanoplankton, respectively. The experiment was divided into two parts; pure and mixed phytoplankton cultures were grown in the T1 medium and the 100%, 50% and 1% T1 medium, respectively. The results showed that cell number, cell size, primary productivity, chlorophyll a content and lifetime had direct variation to nutrient concentation. Comparing mixed cultures to pure culture, at 100% T1 the primary productivity of nanophytoplankton was increased 47.27% since the nanophytoplankton had decreased cell number (42.58%) and cell size (3%) but increased chlorophyll a content (1291%). Furthermore, they adapted themselves by extending the period of high PP/Chl a value from one day (day 3; pure culture) to the first five days (day 1-5; mixed culture) and increasing the Chl a/cell value in two periods, the first three day and the day that gave high cell density. Therefore, the nanophytoplankton were able to live in both area of high and low nutrient while the microphytoplankton lived well in the high-nutrient area and had difficulty to live in the low-nutrient area (1% T1). They adapted themselves by increasing the Chl a/cell value throughout their lifetime because their PP/Chl a value was low, comparing to it of nanophytoplankton, even though their primary productivity was low. Keywords : primary productivity ; phytoplankton ; Chattonella ; IsochrysisReferences
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Borsheim, K. Y., Vadstein, O., Myklestad, S. M., Reinertsen, H., Kirkvold, S. and Olsen, Y. (2005). Photosynthetic algal production, accumulation and release of phytoplankton storage carbohydrates and bacterial production in a gradient in daily nutrient supply. Journal of Plankton Research, 27, 743-755.
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(pp. 1-43). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Pholpunthin, P. (1998). Cultivation of some Phytoplankton that Caused Red Tide. Retrieved January 3, 2021, from https://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2553/3914 (in Thai)
Phromthong, I. (1999). Dynamics and diversity of phytoplankton in Tha Chin estuary, Samut Sakhon province.
In MSc Thesis. (pp. 1-141). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Strickland, J. D. H. and Parsons, T. R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Ottawa:
The Alger Press Ltd.
Wetzel, R. G. and Likens, G. E. (2000). Limnological Analyses. New York: Springer.
Williams, P. J. leB. (1993). On the definition of plankton production terms. ICES mar. Sci. Symp., 197, 9-19.
Wongrat, L. (1996) Phytoplankton. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Zhang, Y., Yin, Y., Wang, M. and Liu, X. (2012) Effect of phytoplankton community composition and cell size on
absorption properties in eutrophic shallow lakes: field and experimental evidence. Optics Express, 20,
11882-11898.
Ardon, M., Zeglin, L. H., Utz, R. M., Cooper, S. D., Dodds, W. K., Bixby, R. J., Burdett, A. S., Shah, J. F., Griffiths, N. A., Harms, T. K., Johnson, S. L., Jones, J. B., Kominoski, J. S., McDowell, W. H., Rosemond, A. D., Trentman, M. T., Horn, D. V. and Ward, A. (2021). Experimental nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment stimulates multiple trophic levels of algal and detrital-based food webs: a global meta-analysis from streams and rivers. Biological Reviews, 96, 692-715.
Boonkwan, S. (2013). Seasonal variations of phytoplankton and primary production the Inner Gulf of Thailand. In MSc Thesis. (pp. 1-96). Chonburi: Burapha University. (in Thai)
Borsheim, K. Y., Vadstein, O., Myklestad, S. M., Reinertsen, H., Kirkvold, S. and Olsen, Y. (2005). Photosynthetic algal production, accumulation and release of phytoplankton storage carbohydrates and bacterial production in a gradient in daily nutrient supply. Journal of Plankton Research, 27, 743-755.
Cho, B. C. and Azam, F. (1990). Biogeochemical significance of bacterial biomass in the ocean's euphotic zone. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 63, 253-259.
Cullen, J. J. (2001). Primary Production Methods. Retrieved January 13, 2021, from doi:10.1006/rwos.2001.0203
Ducklow, H. W. and Carlson, C. A. (1992). Oceanic bacterial production. In Marshall, K. C. (1st Eds.). Advances in Microbial Ecology. (pp. 113-181). New York: Plenum Press.
Hansen, H. P. and Koroleff, F. (1999). Determination of nutrients. In Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K. and Ehrhardt M. (3rd Eds.). Methods of Seawater Analysis. (pp. 159-228). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.
Iriarte, A. and Purdie, D. A. (1994) Size distribution of chlorophyll a biomass and primary production in a temperate estuary (Southampton Water): the contribution of photosynthetic picoplankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 115, 283-297.
Jaroensuk, P. (2018). Primary productivity of size-fractionated phytoplankton in the Inner Gulf of Thailand. In MSc Thesis. (pp. 1-92). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Lursinsap, A., Chaiyakham, K. and Sirimontaporn, P. (1986). Primary production and the potential of fish production in Songkra lake. In Proceeding Kasetsart University Seminar. (pp. 156-163). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Millero, F. J. (2006). Chemical Oceanography. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Musikasung, W., Yusoff, M. S. B. and Razak, S. B. A. (1999). Primary production determination in the South China Sea, area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. In Proceeding of the First Technical Seminar on Marine Fishery Resources Survey in the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, 24-26 November 1997, Bangkok, Thailand. (pp. 135-146). Samutprakan: Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
Nielsen, S. S. (2010). Food Analysis Laboratory Manual. New York: Springer.
Ogata, T., Kodama, M. and Ishimaru, T. (1987). Toxin production in the dinoflagellate Protogonyaulax tamarensis. Toxicon, 25(9), 923-928.
Panpet, S. (2019). Comparison of primary productivity in two phytoplankton cell sizes. In BSc Senior Project.
(pp. 1-43). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Pholpunthin, P. (1998). Cultivation of some Phytoplankton that Caused Red Tide. Retrieved January 3, 2021, from https://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2553/3914 (in Thai)
Phromthong, I. (1999). Dynamics and diversity of phytoplankton in Tha Chin estuary, Samut Sakhon province.
In MSc Thesis. (pp. 1-141). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. (in Thai)
Strickland, J. D. H. and Parsons, T. R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Ottawa:
The Alger Press Ltd.
Wetzel, R. G. and Likens, G. E. (2000). Limnological Analyses. New York: Springer.
Williams, P. J. leB. (1993). On the definition of plankton production terms. ICES mar. Sci. Symp., 197, 9-19.
Wongrat, L. (1996) Phytoplankton. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. (in Thai)
Zhang, Y., Yin, Y., Wang, M. and Liu, X. (2012) Effect of phytoplankton community composition and cell size on
absorption properties in eutrophic shallow lakes: field and experimental evidence. Optics Express, 20,
11882-11898.
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2021-09-27
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