Swimming Performance and Oxygen Consumption Rate of Juvenile Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) at Different Water Velocities
Abstract
This study aims to determine an optimal water velocity on swimming performance of juvenile Asian seabass (16.07 ± 0.67 cm total length and 56.4 ± 3.11 g body weight) and oxygen consumption rate at different water velocities (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 cm/s). The experiment was done in respirometer modified from Brett’s style (1964). The swimming performance test was measured by critical swimming speed (Ucrit1 and Ucrit2) method and endurance performance method. The Ucrit1 test, each fish was transferred into the respirometer without flow (0 cm/s) of 30 minutes, and then subjected to a flow of 8 cm/s for 20 minutes. Then the water velocity was increased by 8 cm/s every 10 minutes until the fish was not able to swim and it was pushed back to the end of the pipe. The Ucrit2 test was carried out on the fish in the respirometer with the water velocity of 10 cm/s in 60 minutes and then, increase the water velocity of 16 cm/s and increased at 8 cm/s every 10 minutes as Ucrit1 method mentioned earlier. After that the endurance performance test was performed using the water velocity starting from average of Ucrit1 and Ucrit2 results for 60 minutes. The results of swimming performance (Ucrit1, Ucrit2 and endurance) in the juvenile Asian seabass were 56.43 cm/s, 57.23 cm/s and 33.2 cm/s, respectively. An average oxygen consumption rate of juvenile Asian seabass at 0 cm/s was 8.1±3.4 mgO2/kg/hr that differed significantly (P<0.05) compared with of water velocity at 8, 16, 24 and 32 cm/s, which the oxygen consumption rates were 62.6±1.6, 65.7±4.3, 68.3±13.2 and 72.9±1.3 mgO2/kg/hr, respectively. Keywords : Lates calcarifer ; oxygen consumption ; swimming performanceReferences
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Carbonara, P., Scolamacchia, M., Spendicato, M.T., Lembo, G., Zupa, W., & Mckinley, R.S. (2006). Swimming performance as a well-being indicator of reared sea-baa Dicentrachus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) preliminary results. Biologia Marina Mediterrea, 13(1), 488-491.
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Claireaux, G., Couturier, C., & Groison, A. (2006). Effect of temperature on maximum swimming speed and cost of transport in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The Journal of Experimental Biology, 209,3420-3428.
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Grottum, J.A. & Sigholt, T. (1998). A model for oxygen consumption of Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar) based on measurements of individual fish in a tunnel respirometer. Aquaculture Engineering, 17(4), 241-251.
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Peake, S., Barth, C., & Mckinley, R.S. (1997). Effect of recovery parameters on critical swimming speed of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(10), 1724-1727.
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Senanan, W., Pechsiri, J., Sonkeaw, S., Na-nakorn, U., Sean-In, N., & Yashiro, R. (2015). Genetic relatedness and differentiation of hatchery populations of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) (Bloch, 1790) broodstock in Thailand inferred from microsatellite genetic markers. Aquaculture Research, 46(12), 2897-2912.
Tudorache, C., Viaenen, P., Brust, R., & Boeck, G.D. (2007). Longer flumes increase critical swimming speeds by increasing burst–glide swimming duration in carp Cyprinus carpio, L. Journal of Fish Biology, 71,
1630-1638.
Vandamm, J.P., Marras, S., Claireaux, G., Handelsman, C.A., & Nelson, J.A. (2012). Acceleration Performance of Individual European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax Measured with a Sprint Performance Chamber: Comparison with High-Speed Cinematography and Correlates with Ecological Performance. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 85(6), 704-717.
Withers, P.C. (1992). Comparative Animal Physiology. Fort Worth: Saunders College Publishing.
Board of Canada, 195, 1-69.
Brett, D.G., & Malene, F. (2006). Influence of fish size and water temperature on the metabolic demand for oxygen by barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), in freshwater. Aquaculture Research, 37(11), 1055-1062.
Brett, J.R. (1964). Respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of young sockeye salmon. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 21(5), 1183-1226.
Carbonara, P., Scolamacchia, M., Spendicato, M.T., Lembo, G., Zupa, W., & Mckinley, R.S. (2006). Swimming performance as a well-being indicator of reared sea-baa Dicentrachus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) preliminary results. Biologia Marina Mediterrea, 13(1), 488-491.
Choi, K., & Weber, J.M. (2015). Coping with an exogenous glucose overload: glucose kinetics of rainbow trout during graded swimming. American Journal of Physiology, 310(6), 493-501.
Claireaux, G., Couturier, C., & Groison, A. (2006). Effect of temperature on maximum swimming speed and cost of transport in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The Journal of Experimental Biology, 209,3420-3428.
Department of Fisheries. (2016). Fisheries Statistics of Thailand. Information and Communication Technology Center, 11/2016, 21
Department of Fisheries. (2019). Fisheries Statistics of Thailand. Information and Communication Technology Center, 9/2019, 21
Farmer, G.J., and Beamish, F.W.H. (1969). Oxygen consumption of Tilapia nilotica in relation to swimming speed and salinity. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26(11), 2807-2821.
Grottum, J.A. & Sigholt, T. (1998). A model for oxygen consumption of Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar) based on measurements of individual fish in a tunnel respirometer. Aquaculture Engineering, 17(4), 241-251.
Is-haak, J. (2018) Oxygen Consumption Rates, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets, Mechanical Aeration Requirements and Wastewater Treatment of Hybrid Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) x (Oreochromis mossambicus) Culture in Cages Suspended in Earthen Pond. Ph.D. Thesis, Kasetsart University.
Joerakate, W., Yenmark, S., Senanan, W., Tunkijjanukij, S., Koonawootrittriron, S., & Poompuang, S. (2018). Growth performance and genetic diversity in four strains of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer
(Bloch, 1790) cultivated in Thailand. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 52, 93-98.
Cited. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2017). FAO Fisheries Department. Retrieved February 24, 2017,
from http://www.fao.org./ fi/statist/FISOFT/FISHPLUS.
Losordo, T.M., & Westers, H. (1994). System carrying capacity. Aquaculture Water Reuse Systems: Engineering Design and Management, 27, 9-60.
Madrones-Ladja, J.A., & Catacutan, M.R. (2012). Netcage Rearing of the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) in Brackishwater Pond: The Technical and Economic Efficiency of Using High Protein Diets in Fingerling
Production. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 95(1), 79-86.
Mcfarlane, W.J., Cubitt, K.F., Williams, H., Rowsell, D., Moccia, R., Gosine, R., & Mckinley, R.S. (2004).
Can feeding status and stress level can be assessed by analyzing pattern of muscle activity in free
swimming rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture, 239, 467-484.
Moss, D.D., & Scott, D.C. (1964). Respiratory Metabolism of Fat and lean Channel Catfish. The Progressive Fish- Culturist, 26(1), 16-20.
Mu, X., Zhen, W., Li, X., Cao, P., Gong, L., & Xu, F. (2019). A Study of the Impact of Different Flow Velocities and Light Colors at the Entrance of a Fish Collection System on the Upstream Swimming Behavior of Juvenile Grass Carp. Water, 11(2), 1-16.
Peake, S., Barth, C., & Mckinley, R.S. (1997). Effect of recovery parameters on critical swimming speed of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75(10), 1724-1727.
Sae-chew, W., & Pornpinatepong, S. (1998). Feasibility study of the polluted water dispersion in songkhla lake by simulation model., 1-3. (in Thai)
Senanan, W., Pechsiri, J., Sonkeaw, S., Na-nakorn, U., Sean-In, N., & Yashiro, R. (2015). Genetic relatedness and differentiation of hatchery populations of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) (Bloch, 1790) broodstock in Thailand inferred from microsatellite genetic markers. Aquaculture Research, 46(12), 2897-2912.
Tudorache, C., Viaenen, P., Brust, R., & Boeck, G.D. (2007). Longer flumes increase critical swimming speeds by increasing burst–glide swimming duration in carp Cyprinus carpio, L. Journal of Fish Biology, 71,
1630-1638.
Vandamm, J.P., Marras, S., Claireaux, G., Handelsman, C.A., & Nelson, J.A. (2012). Acceleration Performance of Individual European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax Measured with a Sprint Performance Chamber: Comparison with High-Speed Cinematography and Correlates with Ecological Performance. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 85(6), 704-717.
Withers, P.C. (1992). Comparative Animal Physiology. Fort Worth: Saunders College Publishing.
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2021-09-20
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