Tilapia Swimming Velocity Study Using Computer Vision Technique
Abstract
This study was divided into 2 experiments: 1) the effect of different numbers of frames per second on the received data, and 2) the effect of different formalin concentrations on tilapia swimming velocity. Three fish, each weighing between 0.5 and 1 g were used for each experiment (3 replicates). The first experiment applied four frame rates of 1, 3, 5 and 10 frames per second (FPS) to determine fish swimming velocity (FSV). Results showed no significant differences among treatments (P > 0.05). The swimming velocity set (V-set) and number of frames obtained for use at one processing speed (Frame/V-set) using 1 FPS and 3 FPS were not statistically different (P > 0.05). Hence, the 3 FPS rate was chosen for the second experiment and three levels of formalin concentrations were applied at 0, 300 and 600 mg/L to compare FSV differences. Results showed that average FSV in the three trials were statistically different (P < 0.05). Average FSV of the first treatment (no formalin applied) was highest at 0.038 ± 0.005 m/s, the second treatment (300 mg/L of formalin (37% formaldehyde, Sigma-Aldrich ®) was 0.029 ± 0.025 m/s, and not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the FSV results of the first and third treatment (600 mg/L) and the third treatment was 0.019±0.015 m/s, that less than the first treatment but not significantly different (P > 0.05) with the second treatment respectively. The results of this study show that the computer vision techniques can be applied to study behavior of other aquatic animals. The advantages are obtaining accurate result and can continuously monitor without disturbing the aquatic animals. Keywords : tilapia ; swimming velocity ; computer visionReferences
Azaza, M.S., Dhraїef, M.N., & Kraїem, M. (2008). Effect of water temperature on growth and sex ratio of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) reared in geothermal waters in southern Tunisia. Journal of Thermal Biology, 33, 98-105.
Baganz, D., Staaks, G., & Steinberg, C. (1998). Impact of the cyanobacteria toxin, microcystin-LR on behaviour of zebrafish, Danio rerio. Water Research, 32, 948–952.
Barreto, R.E., & Volpato, G.L. (2004). Caution for using ventilation frequency as an indicator of stress in fish. Behavioural Processes ,66, 43-51.
Barton, B.A., & Iwama, G.K. (1991). Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 10, 3-26.
Barton, B.A. (2002). Stress in Fishes: A Diversity of Responses with Particular Reference to Changes in Circulating Corticosteroids. Integrative & Comparative Biology, 42, 517-525.
Buchmann, K., & Kristensson, R.T. (2003). Efficacy of sodium percarbonate and formaldehyde bath treatments against Gyrodactylus derjavini infestations of rainbow trout. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 65, 25-27.
Douglas, B. (2019). Open source physics. Retrieved October 6, 2019, from https://physlets.org/tracker.
Food and agriculture organization. (2016). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome.
Global-Aquaculture. (2016). Global Fish Production Data and Analysis. Retrieved May 9, 2019, from http://refhub.elsevier.com/s0044-8486(19) 30693-3/rf0125.
Handy, R.D., Sims, D.W., Giles, A., Campbell, H.A., & Musonda, M.M. (1999). Metabolic trade-off between locomotion and detoxification for maintenance of blood chemistry and growth parameters by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during chronic dietary exposure to copper. Aquatic Toxicology, 47,
23-41.
Israeli-Weinstein, D., & Kimmel, E. (1998). Behavioral response of carp (Cyprinus carpio) to ammonia stress. Aquaculture, 165, 81–93.
Kakuta, I., Namba, K., Uematsu, K., & Murachi, S. (1991). Physiological response of the fish, Cyprinus carpio, to formalin exposure – I. Effects of formalin on urine flow, heart rate, respiration. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 100, 405-444.
Kolding, J., Haug, L., & Stefansson, S. (2008). Effect of ambient oxygen on growth and reproduction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 65, 1413-1424.
Kristiansen, T.S., Ferno, A., Holm, J.C., Privitera, L., Bakke, S., & Fosseidengen, J.E. (2004). Swimming behaviour as an indicator of low growth rate and impaired welfare in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) reared at three stocking densities. Aquaculture, 230, 137–151.
Maxime, V., Nonnotte, G., Peyraud, C., Williot, P., & Truchot, J.P. (1995). Circulatory and respiratory effects of hypoxic stress in the Siberian sturgeon. Respiration Physiology, 100, 203-212.
Mazeaud, M.M., Mazeaud, F., & Donaldson, E.M. (1977). Primary and secondary effects of stress in fish. Transaction of the American Fisheries Society, 106, 201-212.
McFarlane, W.J., Cubitt, K.F., Williams, H., Rowsell, D., Moccia, R., Gosine, R., & McKinley, R.S. (2004). Can feeding status and stress level be assessed by analyzing patterns of muscle activity in free swimming rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)?. Aquaculture, 239, 467–484.
Nogita, S., Baba, K., Yahagi, H., Watanabe, S., & Mori, S. (1988). Acute toxicant warning system based on a fish movement analysis by use of AI concept. In Artificial Intelligence for Industrial Applications.
In Proceedings of the International Workshop. (pp. 273–276).
Picón-Camacho, S.M., Marcos-Lopez, M., Bron, J.E., & Shinn, A.P. (2012). An assessment of the use of drug and nondrug interventions in the treatment of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876, a protozoan parasite of freshwater fish, Parasitology, 139(2),149–190.
Sabra, F.S., & El-Sayed, E.D.M. (2015). Pesticides toxicity in fish with particular reference to insecticides. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 3(1), 40-60.
Santos, R.F.B., Dias, H.M., & Fujimoto, R.Y. (2012). Acute toxicity and histopathology in ornamental fish amazon bluespotted corydora (Corydoras melanistius) exposed to formalin, Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 84, 1001-1007.
Shankar, K.M., Kiran, B.R., & Venkateshwarlu, M. (2013). A review on toxicity of pesticides in fish. International Journal of Open Scientific Research, 1(1), 15-36.
Sharp, N.J., Diggles, B.K., Poortenaar, C.W., & Willis, T.J. (2004). Efficacy of Aqui-S, formalin and praziquantel against the monogeneans, Benedenia seriolae and Zeuxapta seriolae, infecting yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi in New Zealand, Aquaculture, 236, 67-83.
Shezifi, Y., Kimmel, E., & Diamant, A. (1997). The electrophysiological response of fish to hypoxia. Aquacultural Engineering, 16, 253–259.
Tancredo, K.R., Ferrarezi, J.V., Marchiori, N.D.C., & Martins, M.L. (2019). Ecotoxicological assays to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of formalin for fish. Aquaculture international, 27, 685-694.
Tran-Duy, A., Van Dam, A.A., & Schrama, J.W. (2012). Feed intake, growth and metabolism of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in relation to dissolved oxygen concentration. Aquaculture Research, 43, 730-744.
Vijayan, M.M., Pereira, C., Grauf, E.G., & Iwama, G.K. (1997). Metabolic responses associated with confinement stress in tilapia: the role of cortisol. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 116,
89-95.
Wang, M., & Lu, M. (2016). Tilapia polyculture: a global review. Aquaculture Research, 47(8), 2363–2374.
XU, J., Liu, Y., Cui, C., & Miao, X. (2006). Behavioral responses of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute fluctuation in dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by computer vision. Aquacultural Engineering, 35, 207-217.
Baganz, D., Staaks, G., & Steinberg, C. (1998). Impact of the cyanobacteria toxin, microcystin-LR on behaviour of zebrafish, Danio rerio. Water Research, 32, 948–952.
Barreto, R.E., & Volpato, G.L. (2004). Caution for using ventilation frequency as an indicator of stress in fish. Behavioural Processes ,66, 43-51.
Barton, B.A., & Iwama, G.K. (1991). Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 10, 3-26.
Barton, B.A. (2002). Stress in Fishes: A Diversity of Responses with Particular Reference to Changes in Circulating Corticosteroids. Integrative & Comparative Biology, 42, 517-525.
Buchmann, K., & Kristensson, R.T. (2003). Efficacy of sodium percarbonate and formaldehyde bath treatments against Gyrodactylus derjavini infestations of rainbow trout. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 65, 25-27.
Douglas, B. (2019). Open source physics. Retrieved October 6, 2019, from https://physlets.org/tracker.
Food and agriculture organization. (2016). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome.
Global-Aquaculture. (2016). Global Fish Production Data and Analysis. Retrieved May 9, 2019, from http://refhub.elsevier.com/s0044-8486(19) 30693-3/rf0125.
Handy, R.D., Sims, D.W., Giles, A., Campbell, H.A., & Musonda, M.M. (1999). Metabolic trade-off between locomotion and detoxification for maintenance of blood chemistry and growth parameters by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during chronic dietary exposure to copper. Aquatic Toxicology, 47,
23-41.
Israeli-Weinstein, D., & Kimmel, E. (1998). Behavioral response of carp (Cyprinus carpio) to ammonia stress. Aquaculture, 165, 81–93.
Kakuta, I., Namba, K., Uematsu, K., & Murachi, S. (1991). Physiological response of the fish, Cyprinus carpio, to formalin exposure – I. Effects of formalin on urine flow, heart rate, respiration. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 100, 405-444.
Kolding, J., Haug, L., & Stefansson, S. (2008). Effect of ambient oxygen on growth and reproduction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 65, 1413-1424.
Kristiansen, T.S., Ferno, A., Holm, J.C., Privitera, L., Bakke, S., & Fosseidengen, J.E. (2004). Swimming behaviour as an indicator of low growth rate and impaired welfare in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) reared at three stocking densities. Aquaculture, 230, 137–151.
Maxime, V., Nonnotte, G., Peyraud, C., Williot, P., & Truchot, J.P. (1995). Circulatory and respiratory effects of hypoxic stress in the Siberian sturgeon. Respiration Physiology, 100, 203-212.
Mazeaud, M.M., Mazeaud, F., & Donaldson, E.M. (1977). Primary and secondary effects of stress in fish. Transaction of the American Fisheries Society, 106, 201-212.
McFarlane, W.J., Cubitt, K.F., Williams, H., Rowsell, D., Moccia, R., Gosine, R., & McKinley, R.S. (2004). Can feeding status and stress level be assessed by analyzing patterns of muscle activity in free swimming rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)?. Aquaculture, 239, 467–484.
Nogita, S., Baba, K., Yahagi, H., Watanabe, S., & Mori, S. (1988). Acute toxicant warning system based on a fish movement analysis by use of AI concept. In Artificial Intelligence for Industrial Applications.
In Proceedings of the International Workshop. (pp. 273–276).
Picón-Camacho, S.M., Marcos-Lopez, M., Bron, J.E., & Shinn, A.P. (2012). An assessment of the use of drug and nondrug interventions in the treatment of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876, a protozoan parasite of freshwater fish, Parasitology, 139(2),149–190.
Sabra, F.S., & El-Sayed, E.D.M. (2015). Pesticides toxicity in fish with particular reference to insecticides. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 3(1), 40-60.
Santos, R.F.B., Dias, H.M., & Fujimoto, R.Y. (2012). Acute toxicity and histopathology in ornamental fish amazon bluespotted corydora (Corydoras melanistius) exposed to formalin, Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 84, 1001-1007.
Shankar, K.M., Kiran, B.R., & Venkateshwarlu, M. (2013). A review on toxicity of pesticides in fish. International Journal of Open Scientific Research, 1(1), 15-36.
Sharp, N.J., Diggles, B.K., Poortenaar, C.W., & Willis, T.J. (2004). Efficacy of Aqui-S, formalin and praziquantel against the monogeneans, Benedenia seriolae and Zeuxapta seriolae, infecting yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi in New Zealand, Aquaculture, 236, 67-83.
Shezifi, Y., Kimmel, E., & Diamant, A. (1997). The electrophysiological response of fish to hypoxia. Aquacultural Engineering, 16, 253–259.
Tancredo, K.R., Ferrarezi, J.V., Marchiori, N.D.C., & Martins, M.L. (2019). Ecotoxicological assays to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of formalin for fish. Aquaculture international, 27, 685-694.
Tran-Duy, A., Van Dam, A.A., & Schrama, J.W. (2012). Feed intake, growth and metabolism of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in relation to dissolved oxygen concentration. Aquaculture Research, 43, 730-744.
Vijayan, M.M., Pereira, C., Grauf, E.G., & Iwama, G.K. (1997). Metabolic responses associated with confinement stress in tilapia: the role of cortisol. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 116,
89-95.
Wang, M., & Lu, M. (2016). Tilapia polyculture: a global review. Aquaculture Research, 47(8), 2363–2374.
XU, J., Liu, Y., Cui, C., & Miao, X. (2006). Behavioral responses of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute fluctuation in dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by computer vision. Aquacultural Engineering, 35, 207-217.
Downloads
Published
2021-09-06
Issue
Section
Research Article
