Antibacterial Activity of Glochidiol from Glochidion eriocarpum Enhanced Tetracycline against Opportunistic Bacteria
Abstract
The various biological activities of pure compound, Glochidiol from Khrai mot (Glochidion eriocarpum) are anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial activity. In this study, synergistic effect of Glochidiol against opportunistic bacteria and drug-resistant gram negative bacteria was investigated. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) were determined for synergistic effect by Broth diffusion test. Among eleven tested bacteria, Glochidiol alone showed the best antibacterial activity to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and had MICs equal as 128 µM. However, Glochidiol showed no antibacterial activity against drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Moreover, combination of Glochidiol with tetracycline showed partially synergistic effect against E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aerugiosa ATCC 27853 with FICI of 0.5156 and 0.5313, respectively. On the other hand, Glochidiol mixed with ampicillin had no effect against E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Then, Time-kill assay were tested and indicated that the specific times, mostly decreased the growth of E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aerugiosa ATCC 27853 were at 4 and 6 hours after treatment with ½ MICs of tetracycline and 1/32-1/64 MICs of Glochidiol, respectively. Keywords : glochidiol ; Glochidion eriocarpum ; synergistic effects ; tetracycline ; opportunistic bacteriaReferences
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Zhang, J., Ye, K. P., Xin., Z., Pan., D.D., Sun, Y.Y., & Cao, J.Z. (2017). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of black pepper essential oil on meat-borne Escherichia coli. Frontiers microbiology. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2016.02094.
Chung, P.Y., Navaratnam, P., & Chung, L.Y. (2011). Synergistic antimicrobial activity between pentacyclic triterpenoids and antibiotics against Staphylococus aureus stains. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 10(25), 1-6.
Cheesman, M.J., Ilanko, A., Blonk, B., & Cock, I.E. (2017). Developing new antimicrobial therapies: are synergistic combinations of plant extracts/compounds with conventional antibiotics the solution? Pharmacognosy Reviews, 11(22), 57-72.
CLSI. (2016). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 26th edition. CLSI supplement M100S. Pennsylvania: Clinical and laboratory standard institute.
Fair, R.J. & Tor, Y. (2014). Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century. Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry, 6, 25-64.
Gupta, P.D., & Birdi, T.J. (2017). Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 8(4), 266-275.
Hamza, M., Nadir, M., Mehmood, N., & Farooq, A. (2016). In vitro effectiveness of triterpenoids and their synergistic effect with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Indian Journal of Phamacology, 48(6), 1-5.
Hemaiswarya, S., & Doble, M. (2009). Synergistic interaction of eugenol with antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria. Phytomedicine, 16, 997-1005.
Nhiem, N.X., Thu, V.K., P.V., Minh, C.V., Tai, B.H., Quang, T.H., Cuong, N.X., Yen, P.H., Boo, H.J., Kang, J.l., Kang, H.K., & Kim, Y.H. (2012). Cytotoxic Oleane-type Triterpene Saponins from Glochidion eriocarpum. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 35 (1), 19-26.
Penduka, D., Gasa, N.P., Hlongwane, M.S., Amosa, R.A., Osunsanmi, F.O., & Opoku, A.R. (2015).The antibacterial activities of some plant-derived triterpenes. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 12(6), 180-188.
Patel, N.B., & Patel K.C. (2013). Antibacterial activity of Euphorbia hirta L. ethanomedicinal plant against gram negative UTI pathogens. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences, 3, 24-29.
Puapairoj, P., Naengchomnong, W., Kijjoa, A, Pinto, M, Nascimento, M.S., Silva, A.M., & Herz, W. (2005). Cytotoxic activity of lupane-type triterpenes from Glochidion sphaerogynum and Glochidion eriocarpum two of which induce apoptosis. Planta Med, 71, 208-213.
Ramli, S., Radu, S., Shaari, K., and Rukayadi, Y. (2017). Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Syzygium polyanthum L. (Salam) leaves against foodborne pathogens and application as food sanitizer. Biomed Research International, DOI 10.1155/2017/9024246.
Schroeder, M., Brooks, B.D., & Brooks, A.E. (2017). The complex relationship between virulence and antibiotic resistance. Gene, 8(39), 3-23.
Shin, B., & Park, W. (2015). Synergistic effect of oleanolic acid on aminoglycoside antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii. PLOS ONE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137751.
Siddique, H.R., & Saleem , M. (2011). Beneficial health effects of lupeol triterpene: a review of preclinical studies. Life Science, 88, 285-93.
Silva, G.N.S., Primon- Barros, M., Macedo, A.J. & Gnoatto, S.C.B. (2019). Triterpene derivatives as relevant scaffold for new antibiofilm drugs. Biomolecules, 9(2), 58.
Tiwari, R., Chakraborty, S., Dhama, K, Rajagunatan, S., & Singh, V. (2013). Antibiotics resistance an emerging health problem: causes, worries, challenges and solution: a review. International Journal of Current Research, 5, 1880-1892.
Wang, C.M., Chen, H.T., Wu, Z.Y., Jhan, Y.L., Shyu, C.L., & Chou, C.H. (2016). Antibacterial and synergistic activity of pentacyclic triterpenoids isolated from Alstonia scholaris. Molecules, 21, 1-11.
Wagner H. & Ulrich-Merzenich, G. (2009). Synergy research: approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals. Phytomedicine, 16, 97-110.
Yap, P.S., Krishnan, T., Chan, K.G., & Lim, S.H.E. (2015). Antibacterial mode of action of Cinnamomum verum bark essential oil, alone and in combination with Piperacillin, against a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25(8), 1299–1306.
Yang, Y.S., Wei, W., Hu, X.X., Tang, S., Pang, J., You, X.F., Fan, T.Y., Wang, Y.X., Song, D.Q. (2018). Evolution and antibacterial evaluation of 8-hydroxy-cycloberberine derivatives as a novel family of antibacterial agents against MRSA. Molecules, 24(5), 984.
Zhang, J., Ye, K. P., Xin., Z., Pan., D.D., Sun, Y.Y., & Cao, J.Z. (2017). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of black pepper essential oil on meat-borne Escherichia coli. Frontiers microbiology. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2016.02094.
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2021-09-06
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