Contamination of Antibiotics in Effluent from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the contamination of antibiotics in municipal wastewater treatment plant (Activated sludge). It detected 11 of 15 antibiotics in influent (including Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Doxycycline, Sulfamethoxazole, Lincomycin, Clarithomycin and Trimethoprim) and 8 of 15 antibiotics in effluent (including Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Doxycycline and Trimethoprim). Amoxicillin, Ofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole appeared the highest concentrations of 6,405.71, 3,106.78 and 833.41 ng/L, respectively in the influent. Otherwise, Amoxicillin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin appeared the highest concentrations of 4,663.49, 1,546.19, 322.58 ng/L, respectively in the effluent. The results of this study confirmed that Sulfamethoxazole, Lincomycin and Clarithomycin were removed at a high rate (100% efficiency) and followed by Trimethoprim and Ciprofloxacin of 78.49% and 62.43%, respectively. In contrast, lowest removal efficiency of Norfloxacin was quite poor (8.49%). The results obtained from this study could be useful to development of wastewater treatment plant to reduce the antibiotics contamination before discharge to the environment. Keywords : antibiotic ; municipal wastewater ; activated sludgeReferences
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Kummerer, K. (2009). Antibiotics in the aquatic environment-a review-part I. Chemosphere, 75, 417-434.
Tontearn, P. (2009). Behavior of self-medication in Thai people. Journal of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 19(4), 309-315. (in Thai)
Polprasert, C., Sawaittayotin, V. & Pussayanavin, T. (2015). Contamination of water resources in Thailand by pharmaceutical and personal care products. Presented at the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, 7 January 2015. (in Thai)
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Sawaittayothin, V., Thopanya, C., Itisuponrat, S. and Namyoung, C. (2016). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products contamination in Bang Pa Kong River. Environmental Research and Training Center.
Department of Environmental Quality Promotion. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (in Thai)
Wick, A., Fink, G., Joss, A., Siegrist, H., & Ternes, T. A. (2009). Fate of beta blockers and psycho-active drugs in conventional wastewater treatment. Water research, 43(4), 1060-1074.
Zielin ski, W., Buta, M., Hubeny, J., Korzeniewska, E., Harnisz, M., Nowrotek, M. and Płaza, G. (2019). Prevalence of beta lactamases genes in sewage and sludge treated in mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plants. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 20(9), 80-86.
Al-Gheethi, A.A.S. & Ismail, N. (2014). Biodegradation of pharmaceutical wastes in treated sewage effluents by Bacillus subtilis 1556WTNC. Environmental Processes, 1, 459-481.
Blair, B.D., Crago, J.P., Hedman, C.J. & Klaper, R.D. (2013). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern. Chemosphere, 93, 2116-2123.
Calamari D., Zuccato E., Castiglioni S., Bagnati R. & Fanelli R. (2003). Strategic survey of therapeutic drugs in the rivers Po and Lambro in northern Italy. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(7), 1241-1248.
Dai, G., Huang, J., Chen, W., Wang, B., Yu, G. & Deng, S. (2014). Major pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater treatment plant and receiving water in Beijing, China, and associated ecological risks. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92, 655-661.
EPA. (2007). Pharmaceuticals and personal care product in water, soil, sediment and biosolids by HPLC/MS/MS. Method 1694. U.S. EPA, Washington DC.
Foster, H. R., Burton, G. A., Basu, N., & Werner, E. E. (2010). Chronic exposure to fluoxetine (Prozac) causes developmental delays in Rana pipiens larvae. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29(12),
2845-2850.
Guedes-Alonso, R., Afonso-Olivares, C., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., & Santana-Rodríguez, J. J. (2013). An assessment of the concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater treatment plants on the island of Gran Canaria (Spain). SpringerPlus, 2(24), 1-8.
Hamjinda, N.S., Chiemchaisri, W., Watanabe, T., Honda, R. & Chiemchaisri, C. (2015). Toxicological assessment of hospital wastewater in different treatment processes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 7271-7279.
Hu, D., Mina, H., Wang, H., Zhaoa, Y., Cui, Y., Wu, P., Ge, H., Luo, K., Zhang, L., Liu, W. & Wang, A. (2020). Performance of an up-flow anaerobic bio-electrochemical system (UBES) for treating sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotic wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 305, 1-9.
Kummerer, K. & Henninger, A. (2003). Promoting resistance by the emission of antibiotics from hospitals and households into effluent. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 9, 1203-1214.
Kummerer, K. (2009). Antibiotics in the aquatic environment-a review-part I. Chemosphere, 75, 417-434.
Tontearn, P. (2009). Behavior of self-medication in Thai people. Journal of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 19(4), 309-315. (in Thai)
Polprasert, C., Sawaittayotin, V. & Pussayanavin, T. (2015). Contamination of water resources in Thailand by pharmaceutical and personal care products. Presented at the Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, 7 January 2015. (in Thai)
Sanderson, H., Johnson, D. J., Reitsma, T., Brain, R. A., Wilson, C. J., & Solomon, K. R. (2004). Ranking and prioritization of environmental risks of pharmaceuticals in surface waters. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 39(2), 158-183.
Sawaittayothin, V., Thopanya, C., Itisuponrat, S. and Namyoung, C. (2016). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products contamination in Bang Pa Kong River. Environmental Research and Training Center.
Department of Environmental Quality Promotion. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (in Thai)
Wick, A., Fink, G., Joss, A., Siegrist, H., & Ternes, T. A. (2009). Fate of beta blockers and psycho-active drugs in conventional wastewater treatment. Water research, 43(4), 1060-1074.
Zielin ski, W., Buta, M., Hubeny, J., Korzeniewska, E., Harnisz, M., Nowrotek, M. and Płaza, G. (2019). Prevalence of beta lactamases genes in sewage and sludge treated in mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plants. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 20(9), 80-86.
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2021-09-06
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