An Increase in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Capacity of Chlorococcum humicola
Abstract
Changing way of microalgae cultivation in a bubble column photobioreactor (BCPBR) can be employed to increase domestic wastewater treatment capacity which requires less modification of culture apparatus. An objective of this research was to investigate an increase in domestic wastewater treatment capacity by altering cultivation of microalgae Chlorococcum humicola from batch to semi-continuous condition. The synthetic wastewater was prepared to match nutrient compositions of domestic wastewater with a molar ratio of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) of 13. The wastewater with a volume of 10 L was treated in the BCPBR by the microalgae under batch culture condition for a period of 14 days. The results revealed that treatment efficiencies of TN and TP were 87.52 and 88.94 %, respectively, with a specific growth rate () of 0.250 d–1. The semi-continuous culture condition with 4 periods of cell harvest and wastewater replacement (every 6 days) provided average treatment efficiencies of TN and TP of 87.52 and 88.94 %, respectively. While an average figure of with 0.245 ± 0.028 d–1 was a little difference from that of the batch culture condition. Compared with the same volume of 20 L of synthetic domestic wastewater, the semi-continuous culture condition gave treatment capacity of 0.83 L/d while that of the batch culture condition was 0.69 L/d. This indicated that the increase in treatment capacity could be achieved by altering the way of microalgae cultivation, i.e. from batch to semi-continuous condition. Keywords : microalgae ; synthetic domestic wastewater ; treatment capacity ; photobioreactorReferences
APHA. (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
Arbib, Z., Ruiz, J., Àlvarez-Díaz, P., Garrido-Pérez, C., Barragan, J., & Perales, J.A. (2013). Photobiotreatment: Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus ratio in wastewater on growth kinetics of Scendesmus obliquus. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 15(8), 774-788.
Arbib, Z., Ruiz, J., Àlvarez-Díaz, P., Garrido-Pérez, C., & Perales, J.A. (2014). Capability of different microalgae species for phytoremediation process: Wastewater tertiary treatment, CO2 bio-fixation and low cost biofuels production. Water Research, 49, 465-474.
Bangboonreuang, T., Kongchan, P., & Chamchoi, N. (2015). Biomass production and wastewater treatment efficiency Spirulina TISTR 8222. Huachiew Chalermprakiet University Journal, 19(37), 55-70. (in Thai)
Boussiba, A. & Vonshak, A. (1991). Astraxantin accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluviaris. Plant Cell Physiology, 32(7), 1077-1082.
Cai, T., Park, S.Y., & Li, Y.B. (2013). Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae: status and prospect. Sustainable Energy Review, 19, 360-369.
Grobbelaar, J.U. (2013). Inorganic algal nutrition. In A. Richmond & Q. Hu. (Eds.), Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology. 2nd edition. (pp. 123-133). New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell.
Kabir, F., Gulfiraz, M., Raja, G.M., Inam-ul-Haq, M., Armad, M.S., Nasir, M.F., Awais, M., & Batool, I. (2018). Nutrients utilization and biomass production by microalgae culture development in wastewater. Journal of Bioscience, 12(6), 460-469.
Krichnavaruk, S., Loataweesup, W., Powtongsook, S. & Pavasant, P., (2005). Optimal growth conditions and cultivation of Chaetoceros calcitrans in airlift photobioreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal, 105, 91-98.
Krichnavaruk, S., Powtongsook, S. & Pavasant, P. (2007). Enhanced production capacity of Chaetoceros calcitrans in airlift photobioreactors. Bioresource Technology, 98, 2123-2130.
Kunyawut, C., Paopo, I., & Krommuang, A. (2019). Development of a bubble photobioreactor for microalgal culture. Burapha Science Journal, 24(2), 471-488. (In Thai)
McGinn, P.J., Dickinson, K.E., Bhatti, S., Frigon, J.C., Guitot, S.R., and O’Leary, S.J.B. (2011). Integration of microalgae cultivation with industrial waste remediation for biofuel and bioenergy production: Opportunities and limitation. Photosynthesis Research, 47, 109-231.
Monfet, E. & Unc, A. (2017). Defining wastewaters used for cultivation of algae. Algal Research, 24, 520-528.
Redfield, A.C. (1958). The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Scientist, 46,
205-211.
Strickland, J.D.H. & Parsons, T.R. (1972). A Practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Canada: Alger Press.
Thiangpakdee, N., Kunyawut, C., & Paopo, I. (2020). An effect of initial cell density of microalgae Chlorococcum humicola on treatment efficiency of domestic wastewater. In Proceeding of the 12th Graduate Research Conference. (pp. 981-988). Ubon Ratchathani. Graduate school, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University. (in Thai)
Vaičiulytė, S., Padovani, G., Kostkevičienė, J., & Carlozzi, P. (2014). Batch growth of Chlorella Vulgaris CCALA 869 versus semi-continuous regimen for enhancing oil-rich biomass productivity. Energies, 7, 3840-3857.
Wannasutthiwat, S., (2014). Growth and enhancement of carotenoids production in microalga Chlorococcum humicola in continuous condition. MEng Thesis. Bangkok: Graduate school, Chulalongkorn University.
(in Thai)
Arbib, Z., Ruiz, J., Àlvarez-Díaz, P., Garrido-Pérez, C., Barragan, J., & Perales, J.A. (2013). Photobiotreatment: Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus ratio in wastewater on growth kinetics of Scendesmus obliquus. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 15(8), 774-788.
Arbib, Z., Ruiz, J., Àlvarez-Díaz, P., Garrido-Pérez, C., & Perales, J.A. (2014). Capability of different microalgae species for phytoremediation process: Wastewater tertiary treatment, CO2 bio-fixation and low cost biofuels production. Water Research, 49, 465-474.
Bangboonreuang, T., Kongchan, P., & Chamchoi, N. (2015). Biomass production and wastewater treatment efficiency Spirulina TISTR 8222. Huachiew Chalermprakiet University Journal, 19(37), 55-70. (in Thai)
Boussiba, A. & Vonshak, A. (1991). Astraxantin accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluviaris. Plant Cell Physiology, 32(7), 1077-1082.
Cai, T., Park, S.Y., & Li, Y.B. (2013). Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae: status and prospect. Sustainable Energy Review, 19, 360-369.
Grobbelaar, J.U. (2013). Inorganic algal nutrition. In A. Richmond & Q. Hu. (Eds.), Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology. 2nd edition. (pp. 123-133). New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell.
Kabir, F., Gulfiraz, M., Raja, G.M., Inam-ul-Haq, M., Armad, M.S., Nasir, M.F., Awais, M., & Batool, I. (2018). Nutrients utilization and biomass production by microalgae culture development in wastewater. Journal of Bioscience, 12(6), 460-469.
Krichnavaruk, S., Loataweesup, W., Powtongsook, S. & Pavasant, P., (2005). Optimal growth conditions and cultivation of Chaetoceros calcitrans in airlift photobioreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal, 105, 91-98.
Krichnavaruk, S., Powtongsook, S. & Pavasant, P. (2007). Enhanced production capacity of Chaetoceros calcitrans in airlift photobioreactors. Bioresource Technology, 98, 2123-2130.
Kunyawut, C., Paopo, I., & Krommuang, A. (2019). Development of a bubble photobioreactor for microalgal culture. Burapha Science Journal, 24(2), 471-488. (In Thai)
McGinn, P.J., Dickinson, K.E., Bhatti, S., Frigon, J.C., Guitot, S.R., and O’Leary, S.J.B. (2011). Integration of microalgae cultivation with industrial waste remediation for biofuel and bioenergy production: Opportunities and limitation. Photosynthesis Research, 47, 109-231.
Monfet, E. & Unc, A. (2017). Defining wastewaters used for cultivation of algae. Algal Research, 24, 520-528.
Redfield, A.C. (1958). The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Scientist, 46,
205-211.
Strickland, J.D.H. & Parsons, T.R. (1972). A Practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Canada: Alger Press.
Thiangpakdee, N., Kunyawut, C., & Paopo, I. (2020). An effect of initial cell density of microalgae Chlorococcum humicola on treatment efficiency of domestic wastewater. In Proceeding of the 12th Graduate Research Conference. (pp. 981-988). Ubon Ratchathani. Graduate school, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University. (in Thai)
Vaičiulytė, S., Padovani, G., Kostkevičienė, J., & Carlozzi, P. (2014). Batch growth of Chlorella Vulgaris CCALA 869 versus semi-continuous regimen for enhancing oil-rich biomass productivity. Energies, 7, 3840-3857.
Wannasutthiwat, S., (2014). Growth and enhancement of carotenoids production in microalga Chlorococcum humicola in continuous condition. MEng Thesis. Bangkok: Graduate school, Chulalongkorn University.
(in Thai)
Downloads
Published
2021-05-24
Issue
Section
Research Article
