Diesel-Engine Performance and Emission Using Diesel Mixed with Palm Ethyl Ester, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol
Abstract
Nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions from diesel engines affect to human health and environment. Diesel fuel mixed with oxygenated additives, such as alcohols and esters, are being continuously developed to reduce both emissions. This work is to study the performance and emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine, single-cylinder and four-stroke engine, at speed 3,000 rpm and different loads, as using diesel mixed with palm ethyl ester and ethyl acetate at 5%v (PEE5Ea5) and ethanol increased to 20%v compared with diesel and diesel blended to 5% palm ethyl ester (PEE5). Results of engine performance test indicate that the use of PEE5Ea5 and ethanol as added to 20% led to the continuous reduction of engine performance with increasing ethanol. However, this work found that the use of PEE5Ea5 mixed with 5% ethanol had brake thermal efficiency increased to 1% comparing with PEE5 and similar to diesel. The increase of brake specific fuel consumption was not more than 6% as compared with diesel at 4 kW brake power. Moreover, measuring engine pollutants show that the use of PEE5Ea5 blended to ethanol as added to 20% led to the continous reduction of carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter, because the mixture of ethyl acetate and ethanol resulted in the complete combustion and the decrease of carbon to hydrogen ratio leading to the reduction of burning temperature but there was the addition of hydrocarbon as comparing with diesel and PEE5. Keywords : Diesel, diesel blended to palm ethyl ester, ethanol, ethyl acetate, engine performance and emissionsReferences
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Al-Hassan, M., Mujafet, H., & Al-Shannag, M. (2012). An experimental study on the solubility of a diesel-ethanol blend and on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 6(2), 147-153.
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Emiroğlu, A.O., & Şen, M. (2018). Combustion, performance and exhaust emission characterizations of a diesel engine operating with a ternary blend (alcohol-biodiesel-diesel fuel). Applied Thermal Engineering, 133, 371-380.
Ghanim, F.M., Adam, A.M.H., & Farouk, H. (2018). Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blends. International Journal of Advanced Thermofluid Research, 4(1), 26-36.
Gnanamoorthi, V., & Devaradjane, G. (2013). Effect of diesel-ethanol blends on performance, combustion and exhaust emission of a diesel engine. Internal Journal of Current Engineering & Technology, 3(1), 36-42.
Gomasta, S., & Mahla, S.K. (2012). An experimental investigation of ethanol blended diesel fuel on engine performance and emission of a diesel engine. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 3, 74-79.
Huang, J., Wanga, Y., Li, S., Roskilly, A.P., Yu, H., & Li, H. (2009). Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with ethanol-diesel blends. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29, 2484-2490.
Krishna, S.M., Abdul Salam, P., Tongroon, M., & Chollacoop, N. (2019). Performance and emission assessment of optimally blended biodiesel-diesel-ethanol in diesel engine generator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 155, 525-533.
Kumar, S., Cho, J.H., Park, J., & Moon, I. (2013). Advances in diesel-alcohol blends and their effects on the
performance and emissions of diesel engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 46-72.
Kwanchareon, P., Luengnaruemitchai, A., & Jai-In, S. (2007). Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine. Fuel, 86, 1053-1061.
Prbakaran, B., & Viswanathan, D. (2018). Experimental investigation of effects of addition of ethanol to bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics in CI engine. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57, 383-389.
Santasnachok, M., Sutheerasak, E., Chinwanitcharoen, C., & Ruengphrathuengsuka, W. (2019). Use of diesel mixed with ethanol and ethyl acetate for alternative fuel in a high-speed diesel engine. In Proceeding International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Challenge, November 12th to 14th, 2019, Banyuwangi, Indonesia.
Sathiyagnanam, A.P., Saravanan, C.G., & Gopalakrishnan, M. (2010). Hexanol-ethanol diesel blends on di-diesel engine to study the combustion and emission. In Proceeding the World Congress on Engineering 2010, June 30th to July 2sd, 2010, London, United Kingdom.
Shadidi, B., Yusaf, T., Alizadeh, H.H.A., & Ghobadian, B. (2014). Experimental investigation of the tractor engine performance using diesohol fuel. Applied Energy, 114, 874-879.
Srinidhi, C., Channapatna, S.V., Pawar, A.A., & Madhusudhan, A. (2016). Performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with ethanol and palm oil methyl ester. International Research Journal of Engineering Technology, 3(4), 108-113.
Sutheerasak, E. (2017). Investigation on the performance, emissions and wear of a small diesel engine using 10% anhydrous ethanol diesel blends. Ubon Ratchathani University Engineering Journal, 10, 70-84. (in Thai)
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2016). Ratio of ethanol and ethyl acetate on spray and diesel engine performance. Ubon Ratchathani University Engineering Journal, 9, 91-104. (in Thai)
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2018). Performance and emissions of a diesel engine using palm ethyl ester. Engineering Journal Chiang Mai University, 25, 1-13. (in Thai)
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2019). 10% Biodiesel mixed with 5% ethanol for alternative fuel in a diesel-engine generator. In Proceeding the 14th National and International Sripatum University Conference. December 19th, 2019. Bangkhen, Thailand 2019. 2303-2312. (in Thai)
Sutheerasak, E., Pirompugd, W., & Ruengphrathuengsuka, W. (2020). Performance of HSDI diesel-engine generator using the blend of B5, n-butanol and ethanol as increased to 20%. In Proceeding 2020 International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering. June 19th to 21th, 2020. Tokyo, Japan.
Yahuza, I., & Dandakouta, H. (2015). A performance review of ethanol-diesel blended fuel samples in compression-ignition engine. Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, 6(5), 1-6.
Al-Hassan, M., Mujafet, H., & Al-Shannag, M. (2012). An experimental study on the solubility of a diesel-ethanol blend and on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 6(2), 147-153.
Dharma, S., Ong, H.C., Masjuki, H.H., Sebayang, A.H., & Silitonga, A.S. (2016). An overview of engine durability and compatibility using biodiesel–bioethanol–diesel blends in compression-ignition engines. Energy Conversion and Management, 128, 66-81.
Emiroğlu, A.O., & Şen, M. (2018). Combustion, performance and exhaust emission characterizations of a diesel engine operating with a ternary blend (alcohol-biodiesel-diesel fuel). Applied Thermal Engineering, 133, 371-380.
Ghanim, F.M., Adam, A.M.H., & Farouk, H. (2018). Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blends. International Journal of Advanced Thermofluid Research, 4(1), 26-36.
Gnanamoorthi, V., & Devaradjane, G. (2013). Effect of diesel-ethanol blends on performance, combustion and exhaust emission of a diesel engine. Internal Journal of Current Engineering & Technology, 3(1), 36-42.
Gomasta, S., & Mahla, S.K. (2012). An experimental investigation of ethanol blended diesel fuel on engine performance and emission of a diesel engine. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 3, 74-79.
Huang, J., Wanga, Y., Li, S., Roskilly, A.P., Yu, H., & Li, H. (2009). Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with ethanol-diesel blends. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29, 2484-2490.
Krishna, S.M., Abdul Salam, P., Tongroon, M., & Chollacoop, N. (2019). Performance and emission assessment of optimally blended biodiesel-diesel-ethanol in diesel engine generator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 155, 525-533.
Kumar, S., Cho, J.H., Park, J., & Moon, I. (2013). Advances in diesel-alcohol blends and their effects on the
performance and emissions of diesel engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 46-72.
Kwanchareon, P., Luengnaruemitchai, A., & Jai-In, S. (2007). Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine. Fuel, 86, 1053-1061.
Prbakaran, B., & Viswanathan, D. (2018). Experimental investigation of effects of addition of ethanol to bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics in CI engine. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57, 383-389.
Santasnachok, M., Sutheerasak, E., Chinwanitcharoen, C., & Ruengphrathuengsuka, W. (2019). Use of diesel mixed with ethanol and ethyl acetate for alternative fuel in a high-speed diesel engine. In Proceeding International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Challenge, November 12th to 14th, 2019, Banyuwangi, Indonesia.
Sathiyagnanam, A.P., Saravanan, C.G., & Gopalakrishnan, M. (2010). Hexanol-ethanol diesel blends on di-diesel engine to study the combustion and emission. In Proceeding the World Congress on Engineering 2010, June 30th to July 2sd, 2010, London, United Kingdom.
Shadidi, B., Yusaf, T., Alizadeh, H.H.A., & Ghobadian, B. (2014). Experimental investigation of the tractor engine performance using diesohol fuel. Applied Energy, 114, 874-879.
Srinidhi, C., Channapatna, S.V., Pawar, A.A., & Madhusudhan, A. (2016). Performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with ethanol and palm oil methyl ester. International Research Journal of Engineering Technology, 3(4), 108-113.
Sutheerasak, E. (2017). Investigation on the performance, emissions and wear of a small diesel engine using 10% anhydrous ethanol diesel blends. Ubon Ratchathani University Engineering Journal, 10, 70-84. (in Thai)
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2016). Ratio of ethanol and ethyl acetate on spray and diesel engine performance. Ubon Ratchathani University Engineering Journal, 9, 91-104. (in Thai)
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2018). Performance and emissions of a diesel engine using palm ethyl ester. Engineering Journal Chiang Mai University, 25, 1-13. (in Thai)
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2019). 10% Biodiesel mixed with 5% ethanol for alternative fuel in a diesel-engine generator. In Proceeding the 14th National and International Sripatum University Conference. December 19th, 2019. Bangkhen, Thailand 2019. 2303-2312. (in Thai)
Sutheerasak, E., Pirompugd, W., & Ruengphrathuengsuka, W. (2020). Performance of HSDI diesel-engine generator using the blend of B5, n-butanol and ethanol as increased to 20%. In Proceeding 2020 International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering. June 19th to 21th, 2020. Tokyo, Japan.
Yahuza, I., & Dandakouta, H. (2015). A performance review of ethanol-diesel blended fuel samples in compression-ignition engine. Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, 6(5), 1-6.
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2022-05-25
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