Adverse Effect of CdCl2 on Hatching Rate of Egg’s Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and Application Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as Biomarker of Exposure on Golden Apple Snail
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCI2) on the hatching rate of golden apple snail eggs and its lethal toxicity level, as well as to apply acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in golden apple snail exposed to CdCl2 to be an indicator of exposure. The results showed that CdCl2 affected the hatching rate of the golden apple snails in all groups of golden apple snail eggs exposed to CdCl2 in the concentration levels of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 mg/L. CdCl2 at 4.0 mg/L had the lowest hatching rate (39.61%) and their hatching rates were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). Abnormalities being observed after the eggs exposing to CdCl2 were abnormal egg cell and embryo. We also found that CdCl2 at 4.0 mg/L affected the egg cell and embryo at the highest hatching rates with abnormalities at 61.12% and 63.83%, respectively. Moreover, when the medium sized golden apple snail was tested for the toxicity of CdCl2, which caused 50% mortality at 96 h, the concentration was approximately at 1.77 (1.71-1.83) mg/L. Additionally, an isoform of AChE had the molecular weight of 71 kDa when investigating by SDS-PAGE technique. AChE expression was lowered with an increasing in concentration of CdCl2. At the sub-lethal concentration levels at 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 mg/L after 96 h of exposure, detection limits by dot blot technique were found at 0.156, 0.312, 0.625, 2.5 and 5 µg/µl, respectively. Besides, for lethal concentration levels at 0, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 mg/L, the detection limits of dot blot technique were consecutively 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 20 µg/µl. Keywords : cadmium chloride ; biomarker ; golden apple snail ; acetylcholinesteraseReferences
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Cadierno, T., Ibarratxe-Antunano, I., & Hijazo-Gascón, A. (2016). Semantic categorization of placement verbs in L1 and L2 Danish and Spanish. Language Learning, 66(1), 191–223.
Clarke, P. B.S., Schwartz, R. D., Paul, S. M., Pert, C. B., & Pert, A. (1985). Nicotinic Binding in Rat Brain: Autoradiographic Comparison of [3H] Acetylcholine, [3H] Nicotine, and [‘251]-~-Bungarotoxin1. The Journal of Neuroscience, 5(5), 1307-1315.
Champasri, S., Kulkham, J., Vanichakul, K., Suksamai, P., & Vinaipreecha, P. (2018). Effect of Replacement Yellow Stripe Trevally Flesh by Golden Apple Snail Flesh for Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer (Bloch)) Culture. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 46 (Supply 1), 1054-1058. (in Thai)
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Mleiki, A., Marigómez, I. & Trigui, N. (2015). Effects of Dietary Pb and Cd and their Combination on Acetyl Cholinesterase Activity in Digestive Gland and Foot of the Green Garden Snail, Cantareus apertus (Born, 1778). International Journal of Environmental Research, 9(3), 943-952.
Neerattanapun, L. (2011). Effect of Heavy Metals on Mollusk. KKU Science Journal, 39(3), 375-386. (in Thai)
Piyatiratitivorakula, P. & Boonchamoib, P. (2008). Comparative toxicity of mercury and cadmium to thejuvenile freshwater snail, Filopaludina martensi martensi. ScienceAsia, 34, 367-370.
Shuhaimi-Othman, M., Nur-Amalina, R. & Nadzifah, Y. (2012). Toxicity of Metals to a Freshwater Snail, Melanoides
tuberculata, The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-10.
Tanee, S., Sangrattanakul, J., Seajonk, S. & Puycha, K. (2015). Effects of the Golden Apple Snail Supplemented Diet on Nursing Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch). Rajabhat Agriculture, 14 (1), 37-45. (in Thai)
Thanomsit, C., Maprajuab, A., Prasartkaew, W., Ocharoen, Y., Wattakornsiri, A., Nanuam, J., & Nanthanawat, P. (2017). Application of Acetylcholinesterase as biomarker for pesticide exposure to reduce health risk in consuming Pond snail and Golden apple snail. Proceeding of 8th Innovation and Technology conferences (pp. A221-A227). Surin: Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus. (in Thai)
Thanomsit, C., Maprajub, A., Saowakoon, S., Prasatkaew, W., Ocharore, Y. Wattanakornsiri, A., Nanuam, J., & Nanthanawat, P. (2018). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE): Potential Biomarker for Evaluating Pesticide Exposure on Egg and Tissue of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea Canaliculata) from Huai-Saneng Reservoir, Surin Province, Thailand. Thai Journal of Agricurture Science, 51(3), 104-117.
Thanomsit, C., Boonpok, L., Preabsenadee, T., Wattanakornsiri, A., Ocharoen, Y., Nanuam, J., Prasatkaew, W., & Nanthanawat, P. (2019). Hatching rate, morphological characteristic and alteration of golden apple snail’s egg (Pomacea canailculata) after being exposed to agricultural chemicals. Journal of Fisheries Technology Research, 13(1), 24-40. (in Thai)
Weeraprapan, P., Phalaraksh, C., Chantara, S. & Kawashima, M. (2015). Water Quality Monitoring and Cadmium Contamination in the Sediments of Mae Tao Stream, Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 6(2), 142-146.
Bainy, A. C. D., Gennari de Medeiros, M.H, Mascio, P. D. & de Almeida, E. A. (2006). In vivo effects of metals on
the acetylcholinesterase activity of Perna perna mussel’s digestive gland. Biotermas, 19(1), 35-39.
Cadierno, T., Ibarratxe-Antunano, I., & Hijazo-Gascón, A. (2016). Semantic categorization of placement verbs in L1 and L2 Danish and Spanish. Language Learning, 66(1), 191–223.
Clarke, P. B.S., Schwartz, R. D., Paul, S. M., Pert, C. B., & Pert, A. (1985). Nicotinic Binding in Rat Brain: Autoradiographic Comparison of [3H] Acetylcholine, [3H] Nicotine, and [‘251]-~-Bungarotoxin1. The Journal of Neuroscience, 5(5), 1307-1315.
Champasri, S., Kulkham, J., Vanichakul, K., Suksamai, P., & Vinaipreecha, P. (2018). Effect of Replacement Yellow Stripe Trevally Flesh by Golden Apple Snail Flesh for Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer (Bloch)) Culture. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 46 (Supply 1), 1054-1058. (in Thai)
Colović, M. B., Krstić, D. Z., Lazarević-Pašti, T. D., Bondžić, A. M. & Vasić, V. M. (2013). Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology. Current Neuropharmacology, 11, 315-335.
Dhara, K., Saha, N. C., & Maiti, A. K. (2017). Studies on acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to freshwater
snail Lymnaea acuminata (Lamarck) with special reference to behavioral and hematological changes.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-9.
Dreon, M., S., Frassa, M., v., Ceolin, M., Ituarte, S., Qiu, J., Sun, J., Fernandez, P., E. & Heras, H. (2013). Novel Animal Defenses Against Predation: A Snail Egg Neurotoxin Combining Lectin and Pore – Forming Chains That Resembles Plant Defense And Bacteria Attract Toxins. PLUS /ONE, 8(5), e63782.
Durieux, J., Wolff, S., & Dillin, A. (2011).The cell-non-autonomous nature of electron transport chain-mediated longevity. Cell, 144(1), 79-91.
Grara, N., Atailia, A., Boucenna, M., Khaldi, F., Berrebbah, H. & Djebar, M. R. (2012). Effects of heavy metals on the Snails (Helix aspersa) bioindicators of the environment pollution for human health. International Conference on Applied Life Sciences, 11-12, 241-246.
Horn, K. C., Johnson, S. D., Boles, K. M., Moore, A., Siermann, E., & Gabler, C. A. (2008). Factors affecting hatching success of golden apple snail eggs: effects of water immersion and cannibalism. Wetlands, 28(2), 544-549.
Jaileung, S. (2019). Health impact from consuming fish contaminated with heavy metals, Proceeding of 14th Innovative way for research development into the community economy to stand (pp. 133-137). Pathum Thani: Western University. (in Thai)
Jebali, J., Banni, M., Guerbej, H., Almeida, E. A., Banaoui, A., & Boussetta, H. (2006). Effects of malathion and
cadmium on acetylcholinesterase activity and metallothionein levels in the fish Seriola dumerilli. Fish physiology biochemistry, 13, 1-4.
Larba, L. & Soltani, N. (2014). Use of the land snail Helix aspersa for monitoring heavy metal soil contamination in
Northeast Algeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(8), 498-4995.
Mclaren, R. G., Kanjanapa, K., Navasumrit, P., Gooneratne, R. S., & Ruchirawat, M. (2004). Cadmium in the water
and sediments of the Chao phraya river and associated waterways, Bangkok, Thailand. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 154, 385–398.
Menėndez Helman, R., Ferrey, G. V., Santos Afonso, M., & Salibian, A. (2012). Glyphosate As an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88, 6-9.
Mleiki, A., Marigómez, I. & Trigui, N. (2015). Effects of Dietary Pb and Cd and their Combination on Acetyl Cholinesterase Activity in Digestive Gland and Foot of the Green Garden Snail, Cantareus apertus (Born, 1778). International Journal of Environmental Research, 9(3), 943-952.
Neerattanapun, L. (2011). Effect of Heavy Metals on Mollusk. KKU Science Journal, 39(3), 375-386. (in Thai)
Piyatiratitivorakula, P. & Boonchamoib, P. (2008). Comparative toxicity of mercury and cadmium to thejuvenile freshwater snail, Filopaludina martensi martensi. ScienceAsia, 34, 367-370.
Shuhaimi-Othman, M., Nur-Amalina, R. & Nadzifah, Y. (2012). Toxicity of Metals to a Freshwater Snail, Melanoides
tuberculata, The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-10.
Tanee, S., Sangrattanakul, J., Seajonk, S. & Puycha, K. (2015). Effects of the Golden Apple Snail Supplemented Diet on Nursing Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch). Rajabhat Agriculture, 14 (1), 37-45. (in Thai)
Thanomsit, C., Maprajuab, A., Prasartkaew, W., Ocharoen, Y., Wattakornsiri, A., Nanuam, J., & Nanthanawat, P. (2017). Application of Acetylcholinesterase as biomarker for pesticide exposure to reduce health risk in consuming Pond snail and Golden apple snail. Proceeding of 8th Innovation and Technology conferences (pp. A221-A227). Surin: Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus. (in Thai)
Thanomsit, C., Maprajub, A., Saowakoon, S., Prasatkaew, W., Ocharore, Y. Wattanakornsiri, A., Nanuam, J., & Nanthanawat, P. (2018). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE): Potential Biomarker for Evaluating Pesticide Exposure on Egg and Tissue of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea Canaliculata) from Huai-Saneng Reservoir, Surin Province, Thailand. Thai Journal of Agricurture Science, 51(3), 104-117.
Thanomsit, C., Boonpok, L., Preabsenadee, T., Wattanakornsiri, A., Ocharoen, Y., Nanuam, J., Prasatkaew, W., & Nanthanawat, P. (2019). Hatching rate, morphological characteristic and alteration of golden apple snail’s egg (Pomacea canailculata) after being exposed to agricultural chemicals. Journal of Fisheries Technology Research, 13(1), 24-40. (in Thai)
Weeraprapan, P., Phalaraksh, C., Chantara, S. & Kawashima, M. (2015). Water Quality Monitoring and Cadmium Contamination in the Sediments of Mae Tao Stream, Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 6(2), 142-146.
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2021-01-06
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