Chemical Composition Analysis for Source Identification of PM2.5 in Muang District of Ubon Ratchathani Province
Abstract
This research aimed to analyze the concentration and the distribution of organic carbon and element carbon of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) in the ambient air of Muang District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. The air samplings were carried out at Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University and Thung Sri Mueang (public park) in dry season during 18 February to 17 April 2019. Mass concentration data were collected for 24 hours (from 6:00 am.to 6:00 am.of the next day) using the Mini Volume Air Sampler, with Minivol TAS model. The Thermal/Optical Transmittance (TOT) method following the NIOSH870 protocol was used to determine the amounts of organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC). The concentrations of PM2.5 at Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University and Thung Sri Mueang were in the ranges of 0.037 – 0.061 mg/m3 and 0.001 – 0.028 mg/m3, respectively. From the study of carbon compound in PM2.5 samples, it is found that OC concentrations were higher than EC concentrations in both areas. The concentrations of ion compositions in ambient PM2.5 were found predominant species as SO42-, NO3- and NH4+. The distribution of eight carbon fractions (OC3, OC2, OC4, OC1, PC, EC1, EC2 and EC1) were determined and the OC/EC ratios were in the range of 4.441 – 9.655. The results suggested that biomass burning and motor vehicle exhaust significantly contributed to the carbonaceous particles in Muang District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Keywords : fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ; organic carbon ; element carbon ; ion compositionReferences
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Chow, J. C. & Watson, J. G. (1999) . Ion chromatography in elemental analysis of airborne particles. In
Landsberger, S. and Creatchman, M. (Eds.), Elemental Analysis of Airborne Particles. (pp. 97-137).Gordon
and Breach Science Publishers.
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Green, M. C. (2004). Source profiles for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the Big Bend Regional
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Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Lowenthal, D.H., Chen, L.A. & Motallebi, N. (2011). PM2.5 source profiles for black and
organic carbon emission inventories. Atmospheric Environment, 45(31), 5407–5414.
Gu, J., Bai, Z., Liu, A., Wu, L., Xie, Y., Li, Y., Dong, H., & Zhang, X. (2010). Characterization of Atmospheric Organic
Carbon and Element Carbon of PM2.5 and PM10 at Tianjin, China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 10,
167- 176.
Han, Y.M., Cao, J.J., Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., An, Z., Jin, Z.S., Fung, K. & Liu, S. (2007). Evaluation of the
thermal/optical reflectance method for discrimination between char- and soot-EC. Chemosphere, 69,
569-574.
Ji, D., Zhang, J., He, J., Wang, X., Pang, B., Liu, Z., Wang, L. & Wang, Y. (2016). Characteristics of atmospheric
organic and elemental carbon aerosols in urban Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment, 125, 293–306.
Pollution control department. (2018). Air4thai. Retrieved Jan 8, 2019, from http://air4thai.pcd.go.th. (in Thai)
Thongsang, P., Karuchit, S. & Pongkiatkul. (2018). Concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 in Nakorn
ratchasima city. Engineering Journal of Research and Development, 30(3), 145-155. (in Thai)
Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Health Office. (2018). Annual Report 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2018, from
http://www.phoubon.in.th/html/data.html. (in Thai)
Yang, H., Chen, J., Wen, J., Tian, H., & Liu, X. (2016). Composition and sources of PM2.5 around the heating periods
of 2013 and 2014 in Beijing: Implications for efficient mitigation measures. Atmospheric Environment, 124,
378-386.
Zhang, Y., Shao, M., Zhang, Y., Zeng, L., He, L., Zhu, B., Wei, Y. & Zhu, X. (2007). Source profiles of particulate
organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings. Journal of. Environmental. Sciences, 19(2), 167–175.
Zhang Q. & Y. Zhu.(2010). Measurements of ultrafine particles and other vehicular pollutants inside school buses
in South Texas. Atmospheric Environment, 44, 253-261.
Zhao, M., Huang, Z., Qiao, T., Zhang, Y., Xiu, G. & Yu, J. (2015). Chemical characterization, the transport pathways
and potential source of PM2.5 in Shanghai: Seasonal variations. Atmospheric. Research, 158–159, 66–78.
Zhao, S., Yu, Y., Yin, D., Qin, D., Yu, Z., Dong, L., Yang, J., Mao, Z., He, J. & Li, P. (2019). PM1 carbonaceous
aerosols during winter in a typical valley city of western China: Vertical profiles and the key influencing
factors. Atmospheric Environment, 202, 75–92.
Zhou, J., Xing, Z., Deng, J., & Du, K. (2016). Characterizing and sourcing ambient PM2.5 over key emission regions in China I: Water-soluble ions and carbonaceous fractions. Atmospheric Environment, 135, 20-30.
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2021-01-06
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