Growth Performance of Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) in Biofloc Culture System Using Different Sources of Organic Carbon
Abstract
The aquaculture using biofloc technology is an intensive fish culture closed system. The distinctive point is the production of natural feed for fish derived from the combination of microorganisms and organic materials in ponds which is referred to as biofloc. This system is able to maintain a suitable water quality throughout the culture period, increase production capacity, and save the water usage. At present, there is no study the climbing perch culture in biofloc system. Then, the experiment objectives were to investigate growth performance of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) cultured in biofloc system by adding different sources of organic carbon including the relationship between their growth performance and the concentration of biofloc in each carbon source. There were three local sources consisting of molasses, rice flour and rice bran especially the last two carbon sources were designed to combine with molasses at rate 50 : 50 ratios before adding in the culturing pond. The experiment was conducted in outdoor cylindrical plastic tanks with a diameter 2.5 m. and 1 m. height with 0.8 m. water depth. The water volume was kept between 2.5 - 3 tons at all time together with the dissolved oxygen was maintained above 4 mg/L throughout the culture period. The fish stocking density was stocked at rate 50 fishes/m3. The fish was fed according to catfish feeding program within 120 days before harvesting. The three carbon sources were added in the system when ammonia reached over 0.05 mg./L together with controlling 15 : 1 for C : N ratio. The results showed that the growth of climbing perch was reached the biggest marketable size at 4 fishes/kg. when adding all carbon sources. Moreover, weight gain, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and survival rate were no significances (P>0.05). However, it had a significant relationship between growth of climbing perch and concentration of biofloc in each treatment (P<0.05). Hence, the climbing perch is one of the most suitable species for culturing in biofloc system by adding rice flour or rice bran as good carbon source alternatives. Keywords : growth performance ; climbing perch ; biofloc ; organic carbon sourceReferences
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Wankanapol, A., Chaibu, P., & Soonthornvipat, S. (2017). Evaluation of Different Carbon Sources for Biofloc Production in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) Culture. Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal, 11(3), 17-24.
APHA. (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, Washington D.C.: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environmental Federation.
Avnimelech, Y. (2015). Biofloc technology – A Practical Guide Book. 3rd ed. Louisiana, United States: The World Aquaculture Society book program, Baton Rouge.
Azhar, M.H., Supriyono, E., Nirmala, K., & Ekasari, J. (2016). Organic carbon source and C/N ratio affect inorganic nitrogen profile in the biofloc-based culture media of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). ILMU KELAUTAN, 1(1), 23-28.
Azim, M.E., & Little, D.C. (2008). The bioflocs technology (BFT) in indoor tanks: water quality, bioflocs composition, and growth and welfare of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 283, 29–35.
Chareontedprasit, N., Jeawyam, W., Kongsai, S., & Teapsee, T. (1997). The appropriate protein level and stocking density of Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in cage culture. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 25, 42-47. (in Thai)
Chesoh, S., Damjuthi, A., Juladoong, S., Gomenpririn, K., Tipbanpot, M., & Sitthikasemkit, N. (2004). Climbing perch: Biology, Culture and Technique for Commercial Culture. Department of Fisheries and Thailuxe Enterprise Company Limited. P. 32. (in Thai)
Crab, R., Chielens, B., Wille, M., Bossier, P., & Verstraete, W. (2010). The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional value of biofloc, a feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae. Aquaculture, 41, 559–567.
Crab, R., Defoirdt, T., Bossier, P., & Verstraete, W. (2012). Biofloc technology in aquaculture: beneficial effects and future challenges. Aquaculture, 356, 351-356.
Department of Fisheries. (2019). Fisheries statistics of Thailand 2017. Fisheries development policy and strategy Division. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. P. 92. (in Thai)
Doolgindachbaporn, S., Jaruratjamorn, P., & Khongsai, S. (2003). Culturing of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch) at varying densities. Proceeding of 41st Kasetsart University annual conference subject Fisheries, 329 – 335. (in Thai)
Ekasari, J., Angela, D., Waluyo, S.H., Bachtiar, T., Surawidjaja, E.H., Bossier, P., & Schryver, P.D. (2014). The size of biofloc determines the nutritional composition and the nitrogen recovery by aquaculture animals. Aquaculture, 426-427, 105-111.
Gaona, C. A. P., Serra, F. da P., Furtado, P. S., Poersch, L. H., & Wasielesky, W.Jr. (2016). Effect of different total suspended solids concentrations on the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in a BFT system. Aquacultural Engineering, 72–73, 65–69.
Martinez-Cordova, L.R., Emerenciano, M., Miranda-Baeza, A., & Martinez-Porchas, M. (2014). Microbial-based systems for aquaculture of fish and shrimp: an updated review. Reviews in Aquaculture, 6, 1–18.
Parnaudeau, V., Condom, N., Oliver, R., Cazevieille, P., & Recous, S. (2008). Vinasse organic matter quality and mineralization potential, as influenced by raw material, fermentation and concentration processes. Bioresource Technology, 99, 1553–1562.
Pourzamani, H., & Ghavi, M. (2016). Effect of rice bran on the quality of vermicompost produced from food waste. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 5(2), 1-8.
Sompong, U., Inkam, M., Promya, J., & Whangchai, N. (2018). Effect of biofloc technology (BFT) on red tilapia larvae aquaculture. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 46 (5), 833-842. (in Thai)
Verma, I. A. H. A.K., Rani, A. M. B., Rathore, G., Saharan, N., & Gora, A.H. (2016). Growth, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of Labeo rohita against Aeromonas hydrophila in biofloc systems using different carbon sources. Aquaculture, 457, 61–67.
Wei, Y.F., Liao, S.A., & Wang, A.L. (2016). The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional composition, microbial community and structure of bioflocs. Aquaculture, 465, 88-93.
Wei, Y.F., Wang, A.L., & Liao, S.A. (2020). Effect of different carbon sources on microbial community structure and composition of ex-situ biofloc formation. Aquaculture, 515, 1-7.
Wankanapol, A., Chaibu, P., & Soonthornvipat, S. (2017). Evaluation of Different Carbon Sources for Biofloc Production in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) Culture. Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal, 11(3), 17-24.
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2020-09-01
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