Effect of Sizes on Acceptance of Implantation Tissue in Freshwater Mussel Cristaria plicata for Non-Nucleated Pearl Production
Abstract
The Cristaria plicata are large size freshwater mussel clams and is an endemic species of Thailand, the inner shell is shiny and beautiful with thick mantle tissue, therefore has sufficient potential for producing freshwater pearls. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different mussel sizes (7-9 cm, 9.1-12 cm, and larger than 12 cm) on production of pearl from graft tissue. The experimental mussels were reared in an earthen pond with stagnant water condition. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in length, survival rate, and mean (Mean+ S.D) pearl sac formation (78.30 ± 0.57%, 81.60 ± 1.80% and 78.30 ± 0.57%) of the mussels among the sizes at the end of the experiment (p.>0.05). However, growth in weight differed significantly where the highest mean weight gain (3.91 ± 0.51 g) was found in medium size mussel while mean weight gain in large and small size mussels were 2.08 ± 0.51 and 0.58 ± 0.51 g (p≤0.05). This study shows that C. plicata can live in stagnant water in ponds and can be used to produce freshwater pearls. Therefore, there should be studies of environmental factors suitable for growth and the quality of freshwater pearls produced, and should study the breeding of C. plicata for commercial freshwater pearls production. Keywords : freshwater mussel ; Cristaria plicata ; freshwater pearlReferences
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Wada, K. (1989). Allograft and xenograft mantle transplantation in freshwater pearl mussels. Venus, 48(3),
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mussels Hyriopsis (Hyriopsis) bialatus and Pseudodon vondembuschianus ellipticus. MS Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
American, AL.
Brandt, R.A.M. (1974). The non – marine aquatic mollusca of Thailand. Archivfur Molluskenkunde, 105, 1-423.
Binhe, G. (1984). Freshwater pearl culture. Report submitted for forth training course for senior aquaculturists
in Asia the Pacific region. Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines.
Bogan, A.E., & Cummings, K. (2011). Cristaria plicata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011:
e.T166309A6197829. Retrieved September 12, 2018, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T166309A6197829.en.
Dan, H., and Ruobo, G. (2002). Freshwater pearl culture and production in China. Aquaculture Asia, 12(1),
6-8.
Fu-Guang, L. (1993). Freshwater pearl culture. Infofish International, 1, 45-51.
Gogoi, S., & Mandal, S.C. (2011). Present status and future prospects of freshwater pearl production in India.
World Aquaculture, 2011, 21-22.
Hanson, J.M, W.C. Mackay and E.E. Prepas. 1988. The effect of water depth and density on the
growth of a unionid clam. Fresh. Biol. 19 , 345-355.
Jiwaruk, J., Promprasri, P., and Nagachinta, A. (2007). Freshwater mussel of Thailand. 1st. Agricultural
cooperatives of Thailand publishing, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Kawakami, I.K. (1953). Studies on pearl sac formation I. The effect of water temperature and freshness of
transplant on pearl sac formation. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 26(4), 217-222.
Kovitvadhi, U. (2014). Biology of freshwater mussel. 2nd ed. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science,
Kasetsart University. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Lopez, E., Berland, S. and Faou, A.E. 1994. Mother of pearl can repair human skeleton. LaRecherche 25,
208-210.
Lueangthuwapranit, C. (2005). Principle of aquaculture. 1st. Forepace publishing house. Bangkok. (in Thai)
Nagachinta, A. and Tuaycharoen, S. (2004). Study on the appropriate size of the operation mussel for freshwater
pearl culture. Technical paper No. 77/2004. Department of fisheries, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Nagachinta, A. Chaophaknam, B., and Deechuay, O. (1995). Study on the production of non-nucleated pearl
from freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis (Limnoscapha) desowitzi. Technical paper No. 26/1995.
Department of fisheries, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Ninawe, A. S. (2006). Pearl culture-promises lucrative returns. Infofish International, 5, 9-12.
Panha, S. and Kosavititkul, P. (1997). Mantle transplantation in freshwater pearl mussels in Thailand.
Aquaculture International, 5, 267-276.
Parmalee, P.W. & Bogan, A.E. (1998). The freshwater mussel of Tennessee. University of Tennessee
Press. Knowville.
Wada, K. (1989). Allograft and xenograft mantle transplantation in freshwater pearl mussels. Venus, 48(3),
174–190.
Yemin, P. (1997). Size and shape of transplanted mantle pieces for pearl formation in freshwater pearl
mussels Hyriopsis (Hyriopsis) bialatus and Pseudodon vondembuschianus ellipticus. MS Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
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2020-09-01
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