Abundance and Form of Phosphorus Leaching from Commercial Shrimp and Fish Feed Pellets
Abstract
Aquaculture industry, one of the important agricultural businesses, can cause an environmental problem and its sustainability public concern. Nutrient leaching from commercial feed pellets have been reported as one of the reasons of a deterioration of water body. We studied the abundance and form of phosphorus leaching from three commercial shrimp and fish feed pellets. After immerse a White shrimp, Nile Tilapia and Walking Catfish feed pellet of 30 minutes, phosphorus was found in all leachates. However the abundance of total phosphorus leaching from Nile Tilapia and Walking Catfish feed pellets were significantly (p<0.05) higher than White Shrimp feed pellet. Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus, a form which is readily available for phytoplankton growth, was the major form of phosphorus in this study. Daily amount of phosphorus leaching from commercial White shrimp, Nile Tilapia and Walking Catfish feed pellets were 2.48 7.93 and 9.96 g-P/ 1,000 kg of shrimp or fish weight. The phosphorus might cause an environmental problem particularly a bloom of algae in water body. Keyword : leaching, phosphorus, commercial fish feed pelletReferences
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blooms in shrimp ponds: a review with special reference to the situation in the Gulf
of California. Aquaculture, 219, 317-336.
Anderson, D. M., Burkholder, J. M., Cochlan, W. P., Glibert, P. M., Gobler, C. J., Heil, C. A., Kudela, R. M., Parsons, M. L., Rensel, J. E. J., Townsend, D. W., Trainer, V. L., & Vargo G. A. (2008). Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Examining linkages from selected coastal regions of the United States. Harmful Algae, 8, 39–53.
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Aspila, K.I., Agemian, H., & Chau, A.S.Y. (1976). A semi-automated method for the determination of inorganic, organic and total phosphate in sediments. Analyst, 101,187-197.
Chuapoehuk, W. (2000). Aquatic Nutrition and Aquatic Feeding. (2nd edition). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Davis, D.A., & Arnold, C.R. (1994). Estimation of apparent phosphorus availability from inorganic phosphorus sources for Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 127, 245-254.
Department of Fisheries. (2016). Fisheries Statistics of Thailand 2016. Bangkok: Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Fernandez-Jover, D., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J., Carratala, A., & Leon V.M. (2007). Addition of dissolved nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon from fish faeces and food around Mediterranian fish farms: Implications for waste-dispersal models. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 340, 160-168.
Garcia-Ruiz, R., & Hall, G.H. (1996). Phosphorus fractionation and mobility in the food and faeces of hatchery reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 145, 183-193.
Huang, X.L., & Zhang, J.Z. (2009). Neutral persulfate digestion at sub-boiling temperature in an oven for total Dissolved phosphorus determination in natural waters. Talanta, 78, 1129-1135.
Kosutarak, P. (2016). Assessment of Commercial Aquafeed Quality According to the Animal Feed Quality Control Act. Bangkok: Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Koydon, S. (2014). Nitrogen elimination in zero waste aquaculture system. RMUTSB Academic Journal, 2, 66-80. (in Thai)
Lin, P., & Guo, L. (2016). Dynamic changes in the abundance and chemical speciation of dissolved and particulate phosphorus across the river-lake interface in southwest Lake Michigan. Limnology and Oceanography, 61, 771-789.
Lin, P., Klump, V.J., & Guo, L. (2016). Dynamics of dissolved and particulate phosphorus influenced by seasonal hypoxia in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Science of the Total Environment, 541, 1070-1082.
Lirdwitayaprasit, T., Meksumpun, S., Rungsupa S., & Furuya, K. (2006). Seasonal variations in cell abundance of Noctiluca scintillans in the coastal waters off Chonburi Province, the upper Gulf of Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 30, 80–84.
Loh, A.N., & Bauer, J.E. (2000). Distribution, partitioning and fluxes of dissolved and
particulate organic C, N and P in the eastern North Pacific and Southern Oceans. Deep Sea Research Part I. Oceanographic Research Papers, 47, 2287-2316.
Morales, G., Azcuy, R.L., Casaretto, M.E., Márquez, L., Hernández, A.J., Gómez, F., Koppe, W., & Mereu, A. (2018). Effect of different inorganic phosphorus sources on growth performance, digestibility, retention efficiency and discharge of nutrients in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 495, 568-574.
Murphy, J., & Riley J.P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31-36.
Nóbrega, G.N., Otero, X.L., Macías, F., & Ferreira, T.O. (2014). Phosphorus geochemistry in a Brazilian semiarid mangrove soil affected by shrimp farm effluents. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 186, 5749-5762.
Obaldo, L.G., Divakaran, S., & Tacon, A.G. (2002). Method for determining the physical stability of shrimp feed in water. Aquaculture Research, 33, 369-377.
Parson, T.R., Maita, Y., & Lalli, C.M. (1984). A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Pasugdee, S., Tarptipwan, P., Jintasathaporn, O. & Na-nakorn, U. (2006). Waste output
and loading in prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man) culture at different sizes
and feeding frequency. Kasetsart Journal, 40, 269-275.
Phillips, M.J., Clarke, R., & Mowat, A. (1993). Phosphorus leaching from Atlantic salmon diets. Aquaculture
Engineering, 12(1), 47-54.
Rixen, T., Baum, A., Pohlmann, T., Balzer, W., Samiaji, J., & Jose, C. (2008). The Siak, a tropical black water river in central Sumatra on the verge of anoxia. Biogeochemistry, 90, 129–140.
Sales, J., Britz, P.J., & Viljoen, J. (2003). Dietary phosphorus leaching and apparent phosphorus digestibility from different inorganic phosphorus sources for South African abalone (Haliotis midae L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 9, 169-174.
Somsap, N., Gajaseni, N., & Piumsomboon, A. (2015). Physico-Chemical Factors Influencing Blooms of Chaetoceros spp. and Ceratium furca in the Inner Gulf of Thailand. Kasetsart Journal (Nat. Sci.), 49, 200 – 210.
Sornsupharp, B., Tabthipwan, P., Jintasathaporn, O., Mahasawat, S., & Ingthamjitr, S. (2003). Utilization and Excretion of Dietary Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). In Proceeding of the 41st Kasetsart University Annual Conference. (pp. 69-77). Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Sornsupharp, B. (2003). Utilization and Excretion of Dietary Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Master’s Thesis, Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Suzumura, M., Kokubun, H. & Arata, N. (2004). Distribution and characteristics of suspended particulate matter in a heavily eutrophic estuary, Tokyo Bay, Japan, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49, 496-503.
Watson, A.M., Barrows, F.T., & Place, A.R. (2015). Leaching of taurine from commercial type aquaculture feeds. Aquaculture Research, 46, 1510-1517.
Wu, M., Huang, S., Zang, C., Du, S., & Scholz, M. (2012). Release of nutrient from fish food and effects on Microcystis aeruginosa growth. Aquaculture Research, 43, 1460-1470.
Yenmak, S., Jintasataporn, O., & Tabthipwon, P. (2005). Efficiency of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for treated wastes from snakehead fish (Channa striata) diet. In Proceeding of the 43th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. (pp. 108-119) Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
blooms in shrimp ponds: a review with special reference to the situation in the Gulf
of California. Aquaculture, 219, 317-336.
Anderson, D. M., Burkholder, J. M., Cochlan, W. P., Glibert, P. M., Gobler, C. J., Heil, C. A., Kudela, R. M., Parsons, M. L., Rensel, J. E. J., Townsend, D. W., Trainer, V. L., & Vargo G. A. (2008). Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Examining linkages from selected coastal regions of the United States. Harmful Algae, 8, 39–53.
Asahi, T., Ichimi, K., Yamaguchi, H., & Tada, K. (2014). Horizontal distribution of particulate matter and its characterization using phosphorus as an indicator in surface coastal water, Harima-Nada, the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Journal of Oceanography, 70, 277-287.
Aspila, K.I., Agemian, H., & Chau, A.S.Y. (1976). A semi-automated method for the determination of inorganic, organic and total phosphate in sediments. Analyst, 101,187-197.
Chuapoehuk, W. (2000). Aquatic Nutrition and Aquatic Feeding. (2nd edition). Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Davis, D.A., & Arnold, C.R. (1994). Estimation of apparent phosphorus availability from inorganic phosphorus sources for Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 127, 245-254.
Department of Fisheries. (2016). Fisheries Statistics of Thailand 2016. Bangkok: Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Fernandez-Jover, D., Sanchez-Jerez, P., Bayle-Sempere, J., Carratala, A., & Leon V.M. (2007). Addition of dissolved nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon from fish faeces and food around Mediterranian fish farms: Implications for waste-dispersal models. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 340, 160-168.
Garcia-Ruiz, R., & Hall, G.H. (1996). Phosphorus fractionation and mobility in the food and faeces of hatchery reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 145, 183-193.
Huang, X.L., & Zhang, J.Z. (2009). Neutral persulfate digestion at sub-boiling temperature in an oven for total Dissolved phosphorus determination in natural waters. Talanta, 78, 1129-1135.
Kosutarak, P. (2016). Assessment of Commercial Aquafeed Quality According to the Animal Feed Quality Control Act. Bangkok: Department of Fisheries. (in Thai)
Koydon, S. (2014). Nitrogen elimination in zero waste aquaculture system. RMUTSB Academic Journal, 2, 66-80. (in Thai)
Lin, P., & Guo, L. (2016). Dynamic changes in the abundance and chemical speciation of dissolved and particulate phosphorus across the river-lake interface in southwest Lake Michigan. Limnology and Oceanography, 61, 771-789.
Lin, P., Klump, V.J., & Guo, L. (2016). Dynamics of dissolved and particulate phosphorus influenced by seasonal hypoxia in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Science of the Total Environment, 541, 1070-1082.
Lirdwitayaprasit, T., Meksumpun, S., Rungsupa S., & Furuya, K. (2006). Seasonal variations in cell abundance of Noctiluca scintillans in the coastal waters off Chonburi Province, the upper Gulf of Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 30, 80–84.
Loh, A.N., & Bauer, J.E. (2000). Distribution, partitioning and fluxes of dissolved and
particulate organic C, N and P in the eastern North Pacific and Southern Oceans. Deep Sea Research Part I. Oceanographic Research Papers, 47, 2287-2316.
Morales, G., Azcuy, R.L., Casaretto, M.E., Márquez, L., Hernández, A.J., Gómez, F., Koppe, W., & Mereu, A. (2018). Effect of different inorganic phosphorus sources on growth performance, digestibility, retention efficiency and discharge of nutrients in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 495, 568-574.
Murphy, J., & Riley J.P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31-36.
Nóbrega, G.N., Otero, X.L., Macías, F., & Ferreira, T.O. (2014). Phosphorus geochemistry in a Brazilian semiarid mangrove soil affected by shrimp farm effluents. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 186, 5749-5762.
Obaldo, L.G., Divakaran, S., & Tacon, A.G. (2002). Method for determining the physical stability of shrimp feed in water. Aquaculture Research, 33, 369-377.
Parson, T.R., Maita, Y., & Lalli, C.M. (1984). A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Pasugdee, S., Tarptipwan, P., Jintasathaporn, O. & Na-nakorn, U. (2006). Waste output
and loading in prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man) culture at different sizes
and feeding frequency. Kasetsart Journal, 40, 269-275.
Phillips, M.J., Clarke, R., & Mowat, A. (1993). Phosphorus leaching from Atlantic salmon diets. Aquaculture
Engineering, 12(1), 47-54.
Rixen, T., Baum, A., Pohlmann, T., Balzer, W., Samiaji, J., & Jose, C. (2008). The Siak, a tropical black water river in central Sumatra on the verge of anoxia. Biogeochemistry, 90, 129–140.
Sales, J., Britz, P.J., & Viljoen, J. (2003). Dietary phosphorus leaching and apparent phosphorus digestibility from different inorganic phosphorus sources for South African abalone (Haliotis midae L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 9, 169-174.
Somsap, N., Gajaseni, N., & Piumsomboon, A. (2015). Physico-Chemical Factors Influencing Blooms of Chaetoceros spp. and Ceratium furca in the Inner Gulf of Thailand. Kasetsart Journal (Nat. Sci.), 49, 200 – 210.
Sornsupharp, B., Tabthipwan, P., Jintasathaporn, O., Mahasawat, S., & Ingthamjitr, S. (2003). Utilization and Excretion of Dietary Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). In Proceeding of the 41st Kasetsart University Annual Conference. (pp. 69-77). Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Sornsupharp, B. (2003). Utilization and Excretion of Dietary Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Master’s Thesis, Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Suzumura, M., Kokubun, H. & Arata, N. (2004). Distribution and characteristics of suspended particulate matter in a heavily eutrophic estuary, Tokyo Bay, Japan, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49, 496-503.
Watson, A.M., Barrows, F.T., & Place, A.R. (2015). Leaching of taurine from commercial type aquaculture feeds. Aquaculture Research, 46, 1510-1517.
Wu, M., Huang, S., Zang, C., Du, S., & Scholz, M. (2012). Release of nutrient from fish food and effects on Microcystis aeruginosa growth. Aquaculture Research, 43, 1460-1470.
Yenmak, S., Jintasataporn, O., & Tabthipwon, P. (2005). Efficiency of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for treated wastes from snakehead fish (Channa striata) diet. In Proceeding of the 43th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. (pp. 108-119) Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
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2020-05-01
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