Anatomical and Fiber Characteristics of Pandanus amaryllifolias Roxb. and P. odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze (Pandanaceae) Leaves
Abstract
The anatomical and fiber characteristics of Pandanus amaryllifolias Roxb. and P. odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze (Pandanaceae) leaves were examined comparatively using a compound light microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to assess the value of anatomical features in species identification and classification. The characters of diagnostic importance are epidermal cell shape, the differentiation of the adaxial epidermis and abaxial epidermis, the occurrence of rhombic crystal in the hypodermis, the distribution of cubical crystals, the papillae on the epidermal cells, and the stomatal complex. The macerated fiber was slender shape with pointed end. The fibers were extracted using different methods (water retted, 2%, 5% sodium hydroxide retted for P. amaryllifolias and 10%, 15% sodium hydroxide retted for P. odorifer) and their fiber yield and fiber characteristic were investigated. The result revealed that all methods of P. odorifer had more fiber yield than P. amaryllifolias. Moreover, the water retted method had more fiber yield than sodium hydroxide retted method. The fiber length, fiber width and cell wall thickness were decreased as more concentration sodium hydroxide were used. The fiber characteristics were measured to determine Runkel ratio, felting rate (slenderness) and flexibility coefficient to evaluate the suitability for pulp and paper making. The result revealed that fibers of P. amaryllifolias using all methods were suitable for pulp and paper production. Keywords : scanning electron microscope (SEM), pulp and paper making, macerated fiber, retted methodReferences
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Tihurua, E.F. & Erlinawati, I. (2015). Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanaceae) from Serangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya national park, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia, 14(1), 223-231.
Tomlinson, P.B. (1965). A study of stomatal structure in Pandanaceae. Pacific Science, 19(1), 38-54.
Arrak, T. (2011). Characteristics and properties of Hibiscus tiliaceus Yarn. M.H.E. Thesis, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. (in Thai)
Chonsakorn, S. (2015). Textile production technology from plant fibers Vol. 2: Retting technology. Textile Industry Development Institute, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Enayati, A.A., Hamzeh, Y., Mirshokraie, S.A., & Molaii, M. (2009). Papermaking potential of canola stalks. BioResources, 4(1), 245-256.
Fagbemigun, T.K., Fagbemi, O., Buhari, F., Eze, M., & Chima, C.I. (2016). Fibrecharac- teristics and strength properties of Nigerian pineapple leaf (Ananas cosmosus), banana peduncle and banana leaf (Musa sapientum)–potential green resources for pulp and paper production. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports,12 (2), 1–13.
Franklin, G.L. (1937). Permanent preparations of macerated wood fibres. Tropical Woods, 49, 21.22.
Kengkhetkit, N., & Amornskchai, T. (2012). Utilisation of pineapple left waste for plastic reinforcement: 1. A novel extraction method for short pineapple left fiber. Industrial Crops and Products, 40, 55-61.
Jakubska, A. 2007. The analysis of morphological differentiation of the epidermis of selected species of the genus Epipactis Zinn, 1975 (Orchidaceae: Neottieae). Wroclaw, 15(2), 41-45.
Kermanee, P. (2008). Techniques in plant tissue. Bangkok: Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Luepong, K. Sasithorn, N. Manarungwit, K. (2011). Water hyacinth paper procuction for packaging. Faculty of Industry Education, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon. (in Thai)
Ogunjobi, K.M., Adetogun, A.C., & Shofidiya, S.A. (2014). Investigation of pulping potentials of waste from conversion of Anogeissus leiocarpus. IOSR Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering, 1(2), 26-30.
Pooma, R. & Suddee, S. (eds.). (2014). Tem Smitinand’s Thai Plant Names, revised edition 2014. The Office of the Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Poonsawat, T. (2013). The anatomical and fibre characteristics of some monocotyledons. In 10th National Kasetsart University Kamphaeng saen Conference. (pp. 2312-2319). Kasetsart University. (in Thai)
Rahayu, S.E., Kartawinata, K., Chikmawati, T., & Hartana, A. (2012). Leaf anatomy of Pandanus species (Pandanaceae) from Java. Reinwardtia, 13(3), 305-313.
Ratanakamnuan, U. (2014). Preparation of Biodegradable Modified Cellulose Films from Agricultural Waste under Microwave Energy. Maejo University. (in Thai)
Reddy, N. & Yang, Y. (2015). Innovative Biofibers from Renewable Resources. Springer, Berlin.
Sharma, M., Sharma, C.L. & Kumar, Y.B. (2013). Evaluation of fiber characteristics in some weeds of Arunachal Pradesh, India for pulp and paper making. Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 1(3), 15-21.
Sharma, M., Sharma, C.L., Bage, M. Gogoi, B.R. & Pangging, G. (2018). Anatomical characteristics and fibre dimensions of some grass species of Arunachal Pradesh and their potential for pulp and paper. Journal of Bioresources, 5(1), 41-48.
Sornprasit, A. (2011). Study and collect knowledge on wisdom of folk crafts in Southern part of Thailand. Retrieved July 16, 2018, from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/8568 (in Thai)
Sutthirak, W. (2015). Conservation and utilization of local resources in Khlong Cha-un Sub-district: Pandanus. Retrieved July 16, 2018, from http://local-resource.klongchaun.go.th/File%20PDF/กรณีศึกษา%20การอนุรักษ์และใช้ประโยชน์ทรัพยากรท้องถิ่นตำบลคลองชะอุ่น/007%20กรณีศึกษาต้นใบเตยหอม.pdf (in Thai)
Tihurua, E.F. & Erlinawati, I. (2015). Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanaceae) from Serangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya national park, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia, 14(1), 223-231.
Tomlinson, P.B. (1965). A study of stomatal structure in Pandanaceae. Pacific Science, 19(1), 38-54.
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Published
2020-01-08
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