The Application of a Box Model to Investigate the Behavior of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients in the Inner Gulf of Thailand
Abstract
The researchers have investigated the behavior dissolved inorganic nutrients in the inner Gulf of Thailand in August, September, November and December in 2014 and February, April and June in 2015 by using a box model analysis developed by the Land-Ocean interactions in the Coastal Zone project (LOICZ). Results showed that the residence times was long in wet season and short in dry season, with the longest in September 2014 (28 days) and the shortest in February 2015 (6 days). ∆DIN and ∆DIP referred as the removal or the entering of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the box system have yearly average values of -1.53 mmol/m2/day and +0.09 mmol/m2/day, respectively. The removal of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the water column may be related to photosynthesis by phytoplankton, and the entering of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the water column is possibly connected to the decomposition of organic material by bacteria and sediment resuspension. The annual averages of net ecosystem metabolism (p-r) and net nitrogen production (nfix-denit) were –161.65 mmol/m2/day and -311.63 mmol/m2/day, respectively. These results suggest that the ecosystem in this area be heterotrophic since the decomposition is larger than the photosynthesis, and denitrification overcomes nitrogen fixation. Keywords: nutrient budgets, residence time, inner Gulf of ThailandReferences
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times. Ocean Science Discussions, 12(3), 863-895.
Meteorological Department. (2015). Rain fall and Evaporation [Electronic data]. Bangkok: Ministry of Information
and Communication Technology. (in Thai)
Redfield, A. C. (1958). The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Science, 46,
205-221.
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Cooperatives. (in Thai)
Strickland, J. D. H., & Parsons, T. R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. (2nd ed.). Canada:
Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
Sutthasom, N. (2013). Seasonal variations of nutrient budgets in the inner gulf of Thailand. Thesis of
Master of Science Program, Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University. (in Thai)
Wattayakorn, G., & Jaiboon, P. (2014). An assessment of biogeochemical cycles of nutrient in the Inner Gulf
of Thailand. European Chemical Bulletin, 3(1), 50-54.
the upper Gulf of Thailand. Continental Shelf Research, 28(17), 2509-2522.
Cheevaporn, V. and Menasveta, P. (2003). Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 47, 43-51.
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. (2005). Environmental and Living Resources Assessment in
the Bangpakong Estuary. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Printing House. (in Thai)
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. (2002). National Eutrophication Monitoring Programme Design. n.p.
Dulaiova, H., Burnett, W.C., Wattayakorn, G., Sojisuporn, P. (2006). Are groundwater inputs into river-dominated
areas important? The Chao Phraya River—Gulf of Thailand. Limnology and Oceanography, 51(5),
2232 – 2247.
Gordon, D. C., Boudreau, P. R., Mann, K. H., Ong, J. E., Silvert, W. L., Smith, S.V., Wattayakorn, G., Wulff, F.,
& Yanagi, T. (1996). LOICZ Biogeochemical Modelling Guideslines. (2nd ed.). Netherlands:
Netherlands institute for sea research.
Hydrographic Department. (2014). Electronic Navigational Chart No. 001 Prachuap Khirkhan to Chuang [Map].
Bangkok: Royal Thai Navy. (in Thai)
Libes, S. M. (2009). Introduction to Marine Biogeochemistry. (2nd ed.). United States of America: Elsevier.
Mayer, B., Stacke, T., Stottmeister, I., & Pohlmann, T. (2015). Sunda Shelf Seas: flushing rates and residence
times. Ocean Science Discussions, 12(3), 863-895.
Meteorological Department. (2015). Rain fall and Evaporation [Electronic data]. Bangkok: Ministry of Information
and Communication Technology. (in Thai)
Redfield, A. C. (1958). The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Science, 46,
205-221.
Royal Irrigation Department. (2015). Water Discharge [Electronic data]. Bangkok: Ministry of Agriculture and
Cooperatives. (in Thai)
Strickland, J. D. H., & Parsons, T. R. (1972). A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. (2nd ed.). Canada:
Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
Sutthasom, N. (2013). Seasonal variations of nutrient budgets in the inner gulf of Thailand. Thesis of
Master of Science Program, Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University. (in Thai)
Wattayakorn, G., & Jaiboon, P. (2014). An assessment of biogeochemical cycles of nutrient in the Inner Gulf
of Thailand. European Chemical Bulletin, 3(1), 50-54.
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2019-09-20
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